全新版大學(xué)英語第二單元概要（課堂PPT）

1、Smart CarSSmart CarSUnit 21 Oral English Topics Cars in Modern Life Tips: 1.Do you want to own a car in future? What kind of car would you like to buy? 2.What will the future cars be like? 3.Is it necessary for everybody to have a car in china? 4.what is the relationship between cars and the environ

2、ment?2 1. automobile industry: The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only economies but also cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in world-wide revenues, and provides the basis for a multitude of relate

3、d service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel and do business.3 The automobile has enabled people to travel and transport goods farther and faster, and has opened wider market areas for business and comme

4、rce. The auto industry has also reduced the overall cost of transportation by using methods such as mass production (making several products at once, rather than one at a time), mass marketing (selling products nationally and globally rather than locally), and globalization of production (assembling

5、 products with parts made world-wide). 4 Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built, but there was no real established industry. A century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, automaking became the worlds largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million ne

6、w vehicles built each year worldwide.5 Automobile manufactures are among the largest companies in the world. These corporations are often multinational. These companies often share parts, or use parts made in foreign factories. The U.S. automobile industry produced 16.8 million vehicles in 1999. The

7、 three major automobile manufactures in the United States-General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and Daimler Chrysler AG-provide three-fourths of the industrys total direct employment in the United State.6 At the start of the 21st century, the trends of global trade and manufacturing flexib

8、ility continue. Computerization continues to be a major part of auto design and manufacture, as do the search for alternative fuels and more efficient automobile designs.7 2. Global Positioning System (GPS): space-based radio-navigation system , consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS pr

9、ovides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.8 GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clo

10、cks that provide extremely accurate time. The time information is placed in the codes broadcast by the satellite.9 so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal was broadcast. The signal contains data that a receiver uses to compute the locations to of the satellites and to make

11、order adjustments needed for accurate positioning. 10 The receiver uses the time difference between the time of signal reception and the broadcast time to compute the distance, or range, from the receiver to the satellite. The receiver must account for propagation delays, or decreases in the signals

12、 speed caused by the ionosphere and the troposphere. 11 With information about the ranges to three satellites and the location of the satellite when the signal was sent, the receiver can compute its own three-dimensional position. As of March 1994, 24 GPS satellites were in operation. Replenishment

13、satellites are ready for launch, and contracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century. 12 GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability to enhance safety and to decrease fuel consumption will make GPS an important component of travel in

14、 the international airspace system. 13 Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems. Emerging technologies will enable GPS to determine not only the position of a vehicle but also its altitude.14 3. Intelligent Transp

15、ortation System (ITS): advanced electronics, communications, and computer systems that increase the efficiency and safety of highway transportation. 15 Originally known as Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS), these technologies can provide real-time information exchange between drivers and roa

16、ds, giving rise to the terms “smart cars” and “smart highways”.16 As the technologies have expanded to include public transportation and commercial vehicles, this range of technologies has become known as the Intelligent Transportation System. 17 Increasingly, drivers will have access to up-to-the-m

17、inute information on traffic conditions, alternate routes, and directions to unfamiliar destinations. Ultimately, vehicles control may be automated.18Smart cars What is a smart car？ 智能車，是一種基于高科技的車型。在裝備智能車，是一種基于高科技的車型。在裝備各種電腦系統(tǒng)和輔助設(shè)備之后，它能自動的完成各種電腦系統(tǒng)和輔助設(shè)備之后，它能自動的完成或協(xié)助駕駛?cè)送瓿商囟ǖ娜蝿?wù)，如泊車，駕駛，或協(xié)助駕駛?cè)送瓿商囟ǖ娜蝿?wù)，如泊車

18、，駕駛，調(diào)整速度、方向等。目前許多國家和公司都有研調(diào)整速度、方向等。目前許多國家和公司都有研發(fā)并生產(chǎn)了一些不同型號與功能的智能車。下面發(fā)并生產(chǎn)了一些不同型號與功能的智能車。下面將簡要介紹兩種智能車（圖）。將簡要介紹兩種智能車（圖）。19Car in the future 美研類007電影中的智能車 性能: 汽車的電動門可以對周邊人群放出電擊式撞擊。汽車頂端的有幾個噴嘴，作用是在城市戰(zhàn)中向?qū)Ψ椒派浯轀I瓦斯。更令人吃驚的是，汽車頂端還裝備了外表像警燈一樣的激光槍，360度視野的攝像機可以追蹤任意角度的攻擊者。為了保護士兵，汽車采用了近似黑色的防彈玻璃。為了不讓汽車落入敵方之手，智能汽車還使用了指紋

19、識別系統(tǒng)。(photo)2021清華大學(xué)智能技術(shù)與國家重點實驗室研制成功的清華大學(xué)智能技術(shù)與國家重點實驗室研制成功的“” 中央電視臺在報道中介紹，清華研究的這輛汽車最高時速達到150公里，完全是由智能控制的，智能車通過車頂?shù)臄z像頭拍攝前方的路況圖像，并傳入車內(nèi)的電腦中，通過計算機軟件指揮方向盤的運動，從而實現(xiàn)道路避障、道路停障以及遙控駕駛，為了實現(xiàn)這些功能，這輛車配備了先進的GPS互補定位系統(tǒng)和激光雷達測障系統(tǒng)。專家說，這輛車的一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，如“定位系統(tǒng)，多種傳感器信息處理”投入到實際應(yīng)用，可以使汽車夜間行駛和巡邏監(jiān)視等方面帶來很多方便。(photo)22 more23 今天，未來汽車的影子已

20、經(jīng)可在某些新款車展上初見今天，未來汽車的影子已經(jīng)可在某些新款車展上初見端倪。關(guān)注一下當今一些車展上展示出的新款車型，如本端倪。關(guān)注一下當今一些車展上展示出的新款車型，如本田公司生產(chǎn)的一款裝有照相機的日本版雅閣汽車，其優(yōu)異田公司生產(chǎn)的一款裝有照相機的日本版雅閣汽車，其優(yōu)異的功能就可以幫助駕駛者在偏離車道時自動修正路線；再的功能就可以幫助駕駛者在偏離車道時自動修正路線；再如即將推出的如即將推出的2005款款A(yù)cura RL車也裝有全新的全球定車也裝有全新的全球定位系統(tǒng)，除能為駕駛者指引方向外，還實時提供交通狀況位系統(tǒng)，除能為駕駛者指引方向外，還實時提供交通狀況報告。報告。 此外，日本款威馳普銳斯車

21、上還裝有自動泊車系統(tǒng)，此外，日本款威馳普銳斯車上還裝有自動泊車系統(tǒng)，可以通過激光設(shè)備引導(dǎo)駕車人進入停車位。有報道說，可以通過激光設(shè)備引導(dǎo)駕車人進入停車位。有報道說，2005年底，一款新型年底，一款新型18-wheelers重型車還將裝配一重型車還將裝配一種眼球掃描系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可通過記錄駕車人眨眼的次數(shù)，種眼球掃描系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可通過記錄駕車人眨眼的次數(shù)，監(jiān)測瞳孔的活動狀況來檢測駕駛者的疲勞程度和酒精濃度，監(jiān)測瞳孔的活動狀況來檢測駕駛者的疲勞程度和酒精濃度，借以保障行車安全。借以保障行車安全。 24Any idea about the functions of smart car? 智能控制系統(tǒng)G

22、PS互補定位系統(tǒng)激光雷達測障系統(tǒng)多種傳感器信息處理電子穩(wěn)定控制器 眼球掃描系統(tǒng)紅外熱量探測儀回轉(zhuǎn)偏航傳感器微型數(shù)碼照相機車載雷達系統(tǒng)自動泊車系統(tǒng)自動溫度控制系統(tǒng)25 Is it possible for ordinary people to own one in the near future? If not, what will be the difficulties? What does the author think they are? (technology, computer system, highway) The following page will provide a br

23、ief introduction of the development. 26 鐵道學(xué)院信電院的林建東因發(fā)明了一款新型的智能電動小鐵道學(xué)院信電院的林建東因發(fā)明了一款新型的智能電動小汽車而被譽為汽車而被譽為“科技新星科技新星”，他的這項發(fā)明因其應(yīng)用前景，他的這項發(fā)明因其應(yīng)用前景好、安全系數(shù)靈敏度高而在甘肅省好、安全系數(shù)靈敏度高而在甘肅省“挑戰(zhàn)杯挑戰(zhàn)杯”競賽中獲得競賽中獲得二等獎。二等獎。 林建東所發(fā)明的智能控制系統(tǒng)，成本較低而科技含量相對林建東所發(fā)明的智能控制系統(tǒng)，成本較低而科技含量相對較高，該系統(tǒng)既可用于玩具汽車也可用在汽車制造業(yè)上，較高，該系統(tǒng)既可用于玩具汽車也可用在汽車制造業(yè)上，應(yīng)用前景較

24、好。他預(yù)計，該項成果在開發(fā)出來后定會大受應(yīng)用前景較好。他預(yù)計，該項成果在開發(fā)出來后定會大受歡迎。歡迎。27 消費者報告消費者報告雜志表示在未來雜志表示在未來3到到5年里，這項技術(shù)年里，這項技術(shù)就將被廣泛應(yīng)用與公共汽車上。車輛的安全性能是所有人就將被廣泛應(yīng)用與公共汽車上。車輛的安全性能是所有人感興趣的話題。而未來的汽車就具備能為你提供更好的安感興趣的話題。而未來的汽車就具備能為你提供更好的安全保障的功能。全保障的功能。 據(jù)悉，到據(jù)悉，到2005年，將會有多款車輛裝配各種紅外熱量年，將會有多款車輛裝配各種紅外熱量探測儀、回轉(zhuǎn)偏航傳感器和微型數(shù)碼照相機，這樣可以從探測儀、回轉(zhuǎn)偏航傳感器和微型數(shù)碼照相

25、機，這樣可以從不同角度監(jiān)測調(diào)整行車速度和方位不同角度監(jiān)測調(diào)整行車速度和方位.28Part1 para. 1-3 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century.Part 2 para. 4-9 With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise

26、 locations and warn of traffic jams. Part 3 para. 10-13 GPS and “telematics” will make t possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way.29telematics Telematics : 遠程信息學(xué)遠程信息學(xué) Tele-: telegraph電報電報, telemeter測遠儀測遠儀 -matics: informatics, mathematics Auto-prefix of or by your

27、self, or operating independently and without needing help eg. an auto-focus camera an auto-immune disease30words and phrasesConvert : change of use- 1. My kids are trying to convert me to country music 2. We converted our oil furnace to gas to save money.Correlate: “cor”-together (e.g.corporate) n.

28、correlation: a connection between two or more things Eg. Transmission of AIDS is highly correlated with alcohol use.31Incorporate: (corporate) + ( in) n. incorporationvt. 1. 包含包含;加上加上;吸收吸收(+in/into) We will incorporate your suggestion in this new plan.我們將把你的建議納入這一新的計劃。我們將把你的建議納入這一新的計劃。 2. 把把.合并合并;使并

29、入使并入(+with)Well incorporate the new plan with the old.我們將把新老計劃合并為一。我們將把新老計劃合并為一。 3. 使混合使混合(+with)incorporate a chemical substance with others把一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)與他種化學(xué)物質(zhì)混合把一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)與他種化學(xué)物質(zhì)混合32 4. 把把.組成公司組成公司(或社團或社團)When the business became large, the owners incorporated it.商店業(yè)務(wù)擴充后商店業(yè)務(wù)擴充后,老板把它組成了公司。老板把它組成了公司。 5. 使具體化

30、使具體化;體現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)incorporate ones thoughts in an article在文章中把想法表示出來在文章中把想法表示出來vi. 1. 合并合并;混合混合(+with)Paints incorporate with oil.顏料與油混合在一起。顏料與油混合在一起。 2. 組成公司組成公司(或社團或社團)33DecreaseDecrease-smaller or fewer 反義反義-increase N. 減少額減少額,減小量減小量C(+in/of) eg. The decrease in unemployment was 30 percent. 失業(yè)人數(shù)減少了百分之三十 V

31、. decrease the number to 把數(shù)目減到把數(shù)目減到。 decrease in size/price 尺寸減小。尺寸減小。eg. These measures will help decrease the cost of production.這些措施有助于降低生產(chǎn)成本。34Eliminate(from)-get rid of, -removefromeg. 1. 排除排除,消除消除,消滅消滅(+from) Our goal is to eliminate poverty. 我們的目標是消滅貧困。我們的目標是消滅貧困。 2. (比賽中比賽中)淘汰淘汰(+from)Our te

32、am was eliminated from the competition in the first round.我隊在第一輪比賽中就被淘汰。我隊在第一輪比賽中就被淘汰。3. 不加考慮不加考慮,忽視忽視4. 【口口】殺殺(人人)35lucrative Adj. 1. 有利的，賺錢的，合算的。有利的，賺錢的，合算的。 2.【軍事軍事】值得作為目標的。值得作為目標的。a lucrative investment 有利的投資。有利的投資。 a lucrative target可獲戰(zhàn)果的攻擊目標?？色@戰(zhàn)果的攻擊目標。 -ly 副詞副詞,-ness 名詞名詞 Eg. 1.Regions lucrati

33、ve market attracts newest commercial lender 2.The owner and general manager offered the player a lucrative lifetime contract 36vibrate 1.搖動，振動；顫動。搖動，振動；顫動。 2.心中打顫，胸口噗噗地跳；精神振奮。心中打顫，胸口噗噗地跳；精神振奮。 3.(像鐘擺一樣地像鐘擺一樣地)擺動；擺動； e.g. a vibrating type regulator 【 機械工程機械工程 】擺動式調(diào)節(jié)器。擺動式調(diào)節(jié)器。 1. Musical sounds are pro

34、duced when the strings of the piano vibrate 2. We felt the earthquakes vibrations 120 miles away!37Turn sth into/become a realityE.g. 1. Her dream of being a college student has turned into a reality. 2. Working at home and communicating with fellow workers via their PCs has become a reality for som

35、e.38As wellE.g. 1. She wanted to produce the play and to direct it as well. 2. Elles face paled with disappointment; perhaps with anger as well.39Get/be stuck in (sth.) be unable to move or to be movedbe unable to move or to be moved E. g. 1. I was stuck in the traffic yesterday for about one hour.

36、2. I was stuck at home with flu.40Be poised to Be ready to take action at any momentBe ready to take action at any moment e.g. . 1. The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign. 2. It is reported that US forces are poised to attack Iraq.41Take control of e.g. 1. The new ma

37、nager didnt know how to take control of his company. 2. The government has taken control of all the newspapers.42Send outsend away 1. 攆走；開除；解雇。攆走；開除；解雇。 2. 把把送到遠處；寫信送到遠處；寫信派人派人至遠方。至遠方。 3. 派人去拿派人去拿去請去請 (for)。send down 1. 英大學(xué)俚英大學(xué)俚勒令退學(xué)；開除。勒令退學(xué)；開除。 2. 使下降；使下落；使減少。使下降；使下落；使減少。 3. 使到使到(飯廳飯廳)去去43 send for

38、派人去叫派人去叫請請；遣人去拿；乞求；遣人去拿；乞求 eg.send for a doctor 派人去請醫(yī)生。派人去請醫(yī)生。send for a book 派人去拿一本書。派人去拿一本書。 send forth out 1. 送出；發(fā)送。送出；發(fā)送。 2. 發(fā)出發(fā)出(香氣香氣)。 3. 長長生生出出(芽，枝等芽，枝等)。 4. 派遣派遣 5. 出口。出口。44 send in 1. 送。送。 2. 拿出；提出。拿出；提出。 3. 遞名片。遞名片。 4. 參加展覽參加展覽 Eg. send in ones papers 提出辭呈；呈請辭職。提出辭呈；呈請辭職。 send in ones jack

39、et 辭職。辭職。 send in ones name 申請參加賽。申請參加賽。45 send off 1. 寄出；發(fā)寄出；發(fā)(信、貨等信、貨等)。 2. 驅(qū)逐，攆走。驅(qū)逐，攆走。 3. 送別送別(出走、旅行等的人出走、旅行等的人)。 4. 差遣；辭退。差遣；辭退。 send on 1. 轉(zhuǎn)送；轉(zhuǎn)寄轉(zhuǎn)送；轉(zhuǎn)寄(信等信等)。 2. 預(yù)送；先送預(yù)送；先送 Please send the letter on to my mother. 請將此信轉(zhuǎn)送家母請將此信轉(zhuǎn)送家母46Start up start from Paris 從巴黎出發(fā)。從巴黎出發(fā)。 start for home 動身回家。動身回家。

40、start on a journey 起程旅行。起程旅行。 start on a task 著手工作。著手工作。 start work(ing)口語口語start to work 開始工作。開始工作。Eg. Knowledge starts with practice. 知識從實踐開始。知識從實踐開始。 47 start up 1. 驚跳起來驚跳起來 eg. Suddenly he started up from the chair. 突然間他從椅子上驚跳起來。突然間他從椅子上驚跳起來。 2. 突然出現(xiàn)。突然出現(xiàn)。 3. 突然發(fā)動。突然發(fā)動。 4. 開始工作。開始工作。 5. 開開 辦，開張。

41、辦，開張。 start out 跳出；開始，著手；跳出；開始，著手；俚語俚語企圖，計劃企圖，計劃 (to do) eg. Ill start out to write my paper tomorrow. 我計劃明天寫讀書報告。我計劃明天寫讀書報告。 48In the air1. in the earths atmosphere2. uncertain, not yet decided e.g. 1. There is a peculiar smell in the air. 2. Our plans are still in the air.49Sentence drills501. dou

42、ble prepositionse.g. 1. The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. 2. The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.512. V. + it + adj. + to doE.g. make it possible find it effective consider it feas

43、ible 523. Other thanEg.They do not require special roadway installations, other than well-maintained lane markings.他們不需要特別的道路設(shè)置,只需要將路面標志維護好就行了.534. With It will become affordable to a wide range of vehicle owners and operators, especially with many of the enabling technologies already being commerci

44、alized for volume production today.不用多久, 其成本就能為廣大車輛擁有者和駕駛者所接受,尤其是目前不少可以應(yīng)用的技術(shù)已經(jīng)走向市場,開始了批量生產(chǎn).54More than It is more difficult and expensive to implement than it really is.它的應(yīng)用比實際情況更困難它的應(yīng)用比實際情況更困難,更昂貴更昂貴.Language is more a skill than a knowledge. 與其說語言是一門知識，倒不如說是一項技能。與其說語言是一門知識，倒不如說是一項技能。 55given Given

45、 all of this experience in implementing safe automated transportation systems, it is not such a large leap to develop road vehicles that can operate under automatic control.考慮到所有這些安全運用自動化交通運輸系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗,開發(fā)由自動化控制系統(tǒng)操縱的公路車輛不算是什么大的飛躍. 見見 text B課后翻譯課后翻譯56Abbreviation Clipping: form a word by omitting ltters of

46、 a word, e.g. ad(vertisement), lab(oratory), math(ematics). Blending : form a word by combining parts of some other words, e.g. smog-smoke and fog motel-motor and hotel telematics-telecommunication and informaticsCould you find more in the text?57 Try to find other words of the two types! kilo- emai

47、l- gym- brunch- doc- Medicare- Can you give more examples? 58Verbs in the form of ing and ed sleeping child canned food drinking water enriched English everlasting love unchanged melody Create some expressions of the type!59Essay writing Useful words Sample （見其他相關(guān)附件）（見其他相關(guān)附件）60個人品質(zhì)常用詞匯個人品質(zhì)常用詞匯 able 有才干的，能干的有才干的，能干的 adaptable 適應(yīng)性強的適應(yīng)性強的 active 主動的，活躍的主動的，活躍的aggressive 有進取心的有進取心的 ambitious 有雄心壯志的有雄心壯志的amiable 和藹可親的和藹可親的 analytical 善于分析的善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力有理解力 aspiring 有志氣的，有抱負的有志氣的，有抱負的 audacious 大膽，有冒險精神大膽，有冒險精神capable 有能力的，有才能的有能力的，有才能的 61 careful 辦理仔細的辦理仔細的 candid 正直的正直