漢英譯課件之-句子翻譯之語(yǔ)序調(diào)整

1、句子翻譯之語(yǔ)序調(diào)整v語(yǔ)序指句子成分排列的次序，它是詞語(yǔ)和句子成分之間關(guān)系的體現(xiàn)，反映語(yǔ)言使用者的邏輯思維和心理結(jié)構(gòu)模式。v英漢語(yǔ)都以主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)或施事+行為+受事為基本語(yǔ)序；就施事、行為和受事的順序而言，漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序排列比英語(yǔ)靈活。v施事、行為、受事的位置在漢語(yǔ)中比較自由，在英語(yǔ)中比較固定。中國(guó)批評(píng)界怎樣的趨勢(shì)，我卻不大了解，也不很注意。-i am not too clear, not too interested ,either, regarding current trends in chinas literary criticism.沙發(fā)上坐著一個(gè)人。a man was sitting

2、on the couch.約翰的中國(guó)之行，給他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。the beauty of the west lake in hangzhou was what impressed john most during his trip to china.早晨的公園里，遛鳥(niǎo)者時(shí)?？梢?jiàn)。early in the park we often see people walk with caged birds in hand.taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the early morn

3、ing.父親母親的形象還能回憶一點(diǎn)兒，但很模糊。even today i can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.一 狀語(yǔ)位置調(diào)整在漢語(yǔ)中，狀語(yǔ)一般位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間，呈主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)模式。他每晚都要看電視。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可放在主語(yǔ)之前，如：幾十年來(lái)，我經(jīng)常想到這一只狗，直到今天，我一想到它，還會(huì)不自主地流下眼淚。在英語(yǔ)中，狀語(yǔ)一般出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)后的句尾，呈主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)模式。he watches tv every evening.有時(shí)也可出現(xiàn)在句首或句中the

4、y observed with great care the chemical reaction.in a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和方式的狀語(yǔ)同時(shí)使用時(shí)，在漢語(yǔ)中通常排列為時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式動(dòng)詞的順序；在英語(yǔ)中則通常排列為動(dòng)詞方式地點(diǎn)時(shí)間的順序。大會(huì)將于今年九月在北京隆重召開(kāi)。the meeting will begin ceremoniously in beijing the following september.他每晚都在圖書(shū)館用心讀書(shū)。he

5、 reads hard in the library every evening.他一九三五年八月二十二日早晨六點(diǎn)三十分誕生在湖南的一個(gè)小縣城。he was born in a small town of hunan province at six thirty on the morning of august 22, 1935.設(shè)在位于紐約市中心一座摩天大樓第四十層樓里的那間辦公室，就是他工作的小天地。the office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of new york city is the world he

6、works in.那位老人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間住在那幢老房子里。the old man has lived in the old house for a long time.我們相信，在新的一年里，通過(guò)雙方的努力，我們的業(yè)務(wù)和友好合作關(guān)系會(huì)得到發(fā)展。we believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year.經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)討論，決定立即開(kāi)始修建這條鐵路。after a thorough discussion, we de

7、cided to start building the railway right away.二定語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)整。漢語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)總是放在中心詞前面；英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)位置較靈活，單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在中心詞之前，較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)如詞組或介詞短語(yǔ)則放在中心詞之后。浩瀚的大海the vast sea;古老的中原文化the time-honoured central plain culture.the students outside the classrooma man with a broken left lega man of good mannersv當(dāng)名詞中心詞之前出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)屬于不同層次的形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常涉及詞

8、序問(wèn)題。一般按下列詞序排列：表示說(shuō)話人評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞表示顏色的形容詞表示國(guó)別、來(lái)源、材料的形容詞表示用途、目的的形容詞或分詞、名詞等類別詞。vthe charming old english churchva well-known german medical schoolvthe mans first two interesting little red french oil paintingsshe wore hair.(long beautiful)we ate in the restaurant.(new unusual chinese)this office

9、 is equipped with furniture.(oak black new).參考論述：參考論述：漢語(yǔ)中不同類型詞語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，往往將表明事物本質(zhì)屬性的詞語(yǔ)排列在前，將描寫(xiě)性詞語(yǔ)排列在后；而英語(yǔ)則相反，越是表明事物本質(zhì)屬性的定語(yǔ)，越是靠近被修飾的中心詞。中國(guó)現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大，保存最完整的古代建筑群。the best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in china.山東曲阜是中國(guó)古代著名思想家，教育家孔子的故鄉(xiāng)。qufu, shandong province, is the birthplace of

10、confucius, a well-renowned ancient chinese thinker and teacher.也可以使用定語(yǔ)從句你能指給我看莎士比亞曾經(jīng)住的那間屋子嗎？can you show me the house where shakespeare once lived?他就是那個(gè)告訴我這個(gè)消息的人。he is the man who told me the news.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天。i shall never forget the day when we first met.這是他以前在倫敦居住的地方。that is the place he sta

11、yed when he was in london.只有在河水很淺的地方我們才能涉水而過(guò)。we can only ford where the river is very shallow.使用分詞形式：他是一個(gè)值得同情的人。he is a man deserving of sympathy.日本和我國(guó)是一衣帶水的鄰邦。japan is our close neighbor separated only by a narrow strip of water.使用介詞短語(yǔ)：那一座書(shū)架上的書(shū)都是有關(guān)生態(tài)學(xué)的。the books on that shelf are all on ecology.大街上

12、奔跑著各種品牌的汽車。cars of different brands run along the street.正月十五元宵夜，街上掛著各式各樣精巧的燈籠。on the evening of the lantern festival, the 15th of the first lunar month, exquisite lanterns of diverse designs are hung along the streets.他是依然健在的最偉大的科學(xué)家。he is the greatest writer alive.這是可能取得的最令人滿意的結(jié)果了。this is the most

13、satisfactory result obtainable.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)形容詞the two brothers are very much alike.i was alone in the house.he was asleep.although old, he is very much alive.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)形容詞一般不單獨(dú)置于名詞前做修飾語(yǔ)。an asleep child/an alive fish()句間句間的語(yǔ)序調(diào)整：敘事和表意的順序無(wú)論是漢語(yǔ)還是英語(yǔ)，在句子中既有敘事部分，又有表意部分，在漢語(yǔ)句子中，敘事在前，表意在后，而且前者可長(zhǎng)，后者較短。我們聽(tīng)了你的學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告之后，都非常高興。we were

14、 very delighted at listening to your academic report.人類沒(méi)有空氣就無(wú)法生存，這是十分自然的。it is very natural that man couldnt live without air.我來(lái)到廈門大學(xué)教書(shū)，完全是一種意外的收獲。it has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher at xiamen university.他晚上開(kāi)車經(jīng)過(guò)山區(qū)真是太危險(xiǎn)了。it is very dangerous for him to drive his car thr

15、ough the mountainous areas in the evening.居然沒(méi)有一個(gè)人傾聽(tīng)這個(gè)意見(jiàn)，真是太遺憾了。it is a pity that nobody should be on the listen.你送來(lái)這么多優(yōu)秀圖書(shū)，我們甚感高興。we felt very delighted at your giving us many best books.就分句間的相對(duì)位置而言，漢語(yǔ)的順序相對(duì)比較固定，一般按照先因后果，語(yǔ)序與時(shí)序相一致的原則。而英語(yǔ)比較靈活，語(yǔ)序與時(shí)序常常不一致。我走過(guò)地板時(shí)，一塊板子吱吱作響。a board creaked as i crossed the floor.你丈夫念書(shū)，你掙錢養(yǎng)家，他不會(huì)感到不自在吧。i hope your husband doesnt feel bad about it, with him studying and you earning money.女主人已經(jīng)離開(kāi)人世，再?zèng)]有人喂它了。它好像已經(jīng)意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。he must have been aware that nobody was going t