英語句子的種類及練習課件

1、英語句子的種類英語句子的種類1、陳述句、陳述句 說明一個事實或陳述一個看法，有肯說明一個事實或陳述一個看法，有肯定式和否定式，語序是主語在前，謂語在后。定式和否定式，語序是主語在前，謂語在后。 she arrived early. she can not have arrived now.注：注：1）半否定句半否定句i hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句部分否定句與與全否定句全否定句i dont like both the films.i like neither cathy nor mary. 3)否定轉移否定轉移i dont think it wi

2、ll be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose, imagine)2、疑問句疑問句v（1）疑問句的主要交際功能是提出問題，詢問）疑問句的主要交際功能是提出問題，詢問情況。情況。v分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。意疑問句。(2)、疑問句、疑問句 的分類的分類1）一般疑問句）一般疑問句 用來詢問一件事，答案通常是用來詢問一件事，答案通常是yes或或 no，注意語序。，注意語序。have you anything to say?did someone phone me last night

3、?否定疑問句否定疑問句cant you understand it?isnt it a beautiful lake? -havent you been to the uk? -no, i havent.2）特殊疑問句）特殊疑問句1.特殊疑問句的定義特殊疑問句的定義; 以特殊疑問詞開頭，對句中某一成分提問的以特殊疑問詞開頭，對句中某一成分提問的句子叫特殊疑問句。句子叫特殊疑問句。常用的疑問詞有：常用的疑問詞有：what who whom whose which when where how why等。等。2.特殊疑問句有兩種語序特殊疑問句有兩種語序 （1）陳述語序）陳述語序who was th

4、e first man in space?（2）倒裝語序）倒裝語序whom are you talking about?注：注：a、簡略式、簡略式 why not go alone? why get so angry? how/what about taking a rest? b、復雜特殊疑問句、復雜特殊疑問句 what do you think he has done? 3）選擇疑問句）選擇疑問句v選擇疑問句（選擇疑問句（alternative questions）v一般提出兩種或兩種以上的可能，問對方選擇哪一般提出兩種或兩種以上的可能，問對方選擇哪一種。一種。v其結構可用一般疑問句，也可

5、用特殊疑問句，供其結構可用一般疑問句，也可用特殊疑問句，供選擇的兩部分由選擇的兩部分由or連接，前者用升調，后者用降連接，前者用升調，后者用降調，如：調，如： vwill you go there by bus or by train？ vwhat would you like，coffee or tea？ (1)以一般疑問句為基礎以一般疑問句為基礎is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?shall i help you or can you manage?(2)以特殊疑問句為基礎以特殊疑問句為基礎which do you prefer, red

6、wine or white?how shall we go there? by bus or by train?(3) or not構成的選擇疑問句構成的選擇疑問句 do you want to buy it or not？ 4)： 反意疑問句反意疑問句 a、含義、含義： 在一個陳述句之后附上一個簡在一個陳述句之后附上一個簡短的疑問句，對陳述句提出相反短的疑問句，對陳述句提出相反的疑問，這種疑問句叫反意疑問的疑問，這種疑問句叫反意疑問句。句。 如：如： 1. he is clever, isnt he? 2. we speak chinese, dont we?b、結構：、結構：結構一：結構一

7、： 前肯，前肯，+ 后否后否 eg. he is clever, isnt he?結構二：結構二： 前否，前否，+ 后肯后肯 eg. he isnt clever, is he? 結構一：結構一： 前肯，前肯，+ 后否后否 be 動詞：動詞： 1. you are an actor, _ _ ? 2. he is a good boy, _ _ ? 3. it was fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. you were studying when i called you last night, _ _ ? 5. she is going to visit me, _ _? 6

8、. i am chinese, _ _? arent you isnt he wasnt it werent you isnt she arent i行為動詞：行為動詞： 1. it often rains here, _ _ ? 2. he likes soccer, _ _ ? 3. you have a headache, _ _ ? 4. i called you yesterday, _ _?其它動詞：其它動詞： 1. you will go to america, _ _ ? 2. we have ever been to shanghai, _ _ ? doesnt it doe

9、snt he dont you didnt i wont youhavent wec、特殊用法、特殊用法( (一一）1. his mother is a doctor, _ _ ?2. the dogs are fighting, _ _?3. there is a boy in our classroom, _ _ ?4. there were many cars in the street, _ _ ?5. there will be robots in our families, _ _ ? isnt shearent they isnt therewerent therewont th

10、ere三、特殊用法三、特殊用法( (二二） 6. sit down please, _ ?7. please call me, _?8. lets go home, _ ?9. let us go home, _ ?10. let me see, _ ? will / wont youshall / shant we will / wont you will / wont youwill / wont you 結構二：結構二： 前否，前否，+ 后肯后肯 1. you arent an actor, _ _ ? 2. he isnt a good boy, _ _ ? 3. it wasnt f

11、ine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. it doesnt rain here, _ _ ? 5. his sister doesnt have a headache, _ _ ? 6. you didnt call me yesterday, _ _? are you is hedoes itdoes she was itdid you7. you wont go to u.s.a., _ _?8. there isnt a boy in our classroom, _ _ ?9. there werent many cars in the street, _ _ ?10. don

12、t smoke, _ _ ?11. dont lets do it, _ _ ？will youis therewere therewill youshall we3、祈使句、祈使句 表達命令、要求、請求、勸告等，用原形。表達命令、要求、請求、勸告等，用原形。1）帶第二人稱的祈使句）帶第二人稱的祈使句 be quiet, please. dont make any noise! you call a taxi. dont you forget it.(強調強調)give me a hand, will/wont/would/wouldnt you?2）帶第一、三人稱的祈使句）帶第一、三人稱的祈

13、使句 let me try again. lets go. let us go. lets not say anything about it./dont lets say let him be here by 10 oclock. 注意：注意：1、加強語氣、加強語氣 do be careful of my broken leg. do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式、祈使句的省略式 a :shall i open the window? b :yes, please do./ no, please dont. a :shall we watch the

14、 game? b :yes, lets.4、“感嘆句” 所謂感嘆句，就是用來表達喜怒哀所謂感嘆句，就是用來表達喜怒哀樂等強烈感情的句子。樂等強烈感情的句子。what a good time we had last night!what interesting films ! what fine weather we have today!how foolish she is!how clearly you speak!how clever a boy he is!a、感嘆句的句式、感嘆句的句式 感嘆句一般由感嘆句一般由what或或how開頭，句開頭，句末加感嘆號末加感嘆號“！”。what修飾名

15、詞，修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞。修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞。一）以what開頭的感嘆句1.“what + a(an) + 形容詞形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + (主主語語 + 謂語謂語)！” 如：如：what a clever boy (he is)! what a pity! 2.“what + 形容詞形容詞 + 復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + （主語（主語 + 謂謂語）！語）！”如：如：what beautiful flowers (they are)!3.“what + 形容詞形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 + （主語（主語 + 謂謂語）！語）！”如：如：what fr

16、esh milk (it is)! what fun!二）以how開頭的感嘆句1.“how + 形容詞形容詞 + 主語主語 + 謂語！謂語！”如：如：how beautiful the girl is!2.“how + 形容詞形容詞 + a(an) + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + （主語（主語 + 謂謂語）語） +！”如：如：how good an example he set for us! 3.“how + 副詞副詞 + 主語主語 + 謂語！謂語！”如：如：how fast he runs! 4.“how + 主語主語 + 謂語！謂語！”如：如：how time flies!b、陳述句變

17、為感嘆句的方法v把一個陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時，常使用把一個陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時，常使用“一分二加一分二加三換位四去掉三換位四去掉”的方法。具體步驟為：的方法。具體步驟為：v 第一步：第一步：“一分一分”，v即在謂語動詞后面劃一雙豎線，使句子分為兩部即在謂語動詞后面劃一雙豎線，使句子分為兩部分。如：分。如：vhe is a very honest boy.v他是一個誠實的孩子。他是一個誠實的孩子。vli lei works very hard.v李雷學習很刻苦。李雷學習很刻苦。第二步：第二步：“二加二加”即如果第二部分的中心詞是名詞，即如果第二部分的中心詞是名詞，就加上就加上what；如果是形容詞或副

18、詞，就加上如果是形容詞或副詞，就加上how.如：如：he is (what) a very honest boy.li lei works(how) very hard.第三步：第三步：“三換位三換位”即把第一部分與第二部分互換位置，即把第一部分與第二部分互換位置，句號換位感嘆號。如：句號換位感嘆號。如：what a very honest boy he is!how very hard li lei works!第四步：第四步：“四去掉四去掉”即原陳述句中含有即原陳述句中含有very, too等程度等程度副詞時，在變成感嘆句時要去掉。副詞時，在變成感嘆句時要去掉。以上兩個句子就應該變?yōu)橐韵滦?/p>

19、式：以上兩個句子就應該變?yōu)橐韵滦问剑簑hat an honest boy he is!how hard li lei works!what an honest boy he is!how hard li lei works!he is a very honest boy. li lei works very hard.he is a very honest boy. li lei works very hard.he is (what) a very honest boy.li lei works(how) very hard.what a very honest boy he is!how

20、very hard li lei works!_分分加加換換位位去去掉掉.感嘆句的轉換感嘆句的轉換vwhat與與how引導的感嘆句，一般情況下可以引導的感嘆句，一般情況下可以相互轉換，轉換后意義不變。如：相互轉換，轉換后意義不變。如： vwhat an interesting story it is!v=how interesting the story is! vwhat a beautiful building it is!v=how beautiful the building is! exercise:一、一、用用how , what (a / an) 填空填空1. _ a heavy

21、 box ! 2. _ heavy the box is !3. _ hard work ! 4._ hard the work is ! 5. _ wonderful the film is ! 6. _ a wonderful film !what what what how how how 1. _ delicious food it is !2. _interesting film!3. _bad weather !4. _good day !5. _tall the boy is !6. _good news it is !7. _beautiful clothes they are

22、 !8. _ nice teacher he is !9. _nice tom is !10._ hard work !11. _ hard job !whatwhat anwhat what ahowwhat what what a how what what aexercise:二、句型轉換二、句型轉換 1 .what a heavy rain ! _ _ the rain is ! 2. how interesting the boy is ! _ _ interesting boy !how heavy what an ( 二二 )、按句子的結構可、按句子的結構可分三種：分三種：簡單句

23、簡單句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)復合句復合句 (complex sentence)1.簡單句簡單句 (simple sentence)a.只包含一個主謂結構mary opened the door.b.兩個主語和一個謂語steve and his friend are coming to dinner. c.一個主語和兩個謂語mary opened the door and greeted the guests.簡單句的簡單句的五種基本句型五種基本句型(1) 主語+連系動詞+表語(s+v+p )the weather is very

24、 cold. (2) 主語+不及物動詞(s+vi ) +advhe laughed. (3) 主語+及物動詞+賓語(s+vt+o )i like chinese food. 主主+謂謂主主+系系+表表主主+謂謂+賓賓(4) 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 (s+vt+io+do)she taught them physics.(5) 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(s+vt+o+c)we must keep the room warm.主主+謂謂+賓賓+賓補賓補主主+謂謂+間賓間賓+直賓直賓請說出下列句子類型。1.summer is coming.2.they wont let me g

25、o.3.he showed me a new tv set.4.she knows what to do.5.the weather is very cold.主主+謂謂主主+謂謂+賓賓+賓補賓補主主+謂謂+間賓間賓+直賓直賓主主+謂謂+賓賓主主+系系+表表2.并列句(compound sentence): 把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，則成為一個并列句。 i turned on the tv. we watched it together. i turned on the tv and we watched it together. i bought my sister a pres

26、ent. she didnt like it. i bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it. 并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列連詞常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions 平行并列連詞平行并列連詞: 轉折并列連詞：轉折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not only but also, neithernorbut, however, while, yet, whenfor, so, thereforeor, otherwise ,eitheror并列句的

27、分類并列句的分類 1、the teachers name is smith, and the students name is john.v2、hurry up, or youll miss the train.vv3、he was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.v4、august is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day i work from daw

28、n until dark.選擇選擇平行平行轉折轉折因果因果1.august is the time of the year for harvesting , _every day i work from dawn until dark.2.he is a basketball fan,_ his wife is a volleyball fan.3.honey is sweet,_ the bee stings.4.dont be late, _there is a meeting.5.hurry up, _youll be late.6.he works hard _his brother

29、is a lazy bone.7.he was enjoying his kfc _ a friend came.練習一練習一 ：用連詞填空：用連詞填空soandbutfororwhilewhen請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。1.he was tired. he went to bed. 2.the child hid behind his mothers skirt. he was afraid of the dog.he was tired, so he went to bed.the child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he wa

30、s afraid of the dog.he made a promise.he didnt keep it.he made a promise,but he didnt keep it. mary is opening the door.john is greeting her guests.mary is opening the door,and john is greeting her guests.3.復合句:主句+從句主句是一個完整的主謂結構(independent sentence),它可以獨立存在。從句內部雖然也有完整的主謂結構,但它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在.by the

31、 time he arrived, 1we had already left. 2請指出該復合句的主句和從句部分。從句主句在復合句中，主要包含以下類型從句從句： 1.主語從句 2.賓語從句 3.表語從句 4.同位語從句 5.狀語從句 6.定語從句中學生英文寫作中經(jīng)常使用的從句有：1. 賓語從句2. 狀語從句 3. 定語從句指出下列各從句的類型：vi hope that everything is all right.vshe was reading the newspaper when i came in.vshe is the girl who sings best of all.賓語從句狀

32、語從句定語從句he has found out .she was late.(why)請用括號中所給的詞把每組句子連接為一個復合句。i still remember the day .i first came to beijing on that day.(when)i still remember the day when i first came to beijing.he has found out why she was late.請把每組句子連接為一個含有狀語從句狀語從句復合句。 vill give the letter to him .i see himvhe didnt come

33、 yesterday .he was ill.vit is such a big box .nobody can move it. ill give the letter to him when i see him.he didnt come yesterday because he was ill. it is such a big box that nobody can move it. 請把每組句子連接為一個含有狀語從句狀語從句復合句。 vwell go to the great wall .its fine tomorrow. vwe should not go there all t

34、he time. the place is quite pleasant.well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.9 9種狀語從句種狀語從句 即用作狀語的分句即用作狀語的分句,可作下列狀語：可作下列狀語：1、時間（、時間（after, before, as, when, while, since, till, until, whenever , as soon as; the moment,

35、every time, next time; no soonerthan, hardlywhen ）；）；2、地點（、地點（where, wherever） ；3、方式（、方式（as, as if, as though） ；4、程度、程度/比較（比較（asas , more than, ） ；5、原因（、原因（because, since, as, now that ,that） ；6、結果（、結果（,so that ,sothat ,suchthat） ；7、目的（、目的（so that ,in order that ,in case） ；8、條件（、條件（if, unless） ；9、讓步

36、（、讓步（though ,although, even if, even though , so ,whenever ,wherever, whoever ,whichever,however ,no matter how, whether） 。并列復合句并列復合句 即并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。即并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。english is widely used in the world, but china has the largest number of people who speak chinese.請用所學知識改正下列病句my roommate was sleeping

37、, we didnt want to wake her up.i went to bed. because i was tired.my roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.i went to bed because i was tired.簡單句、并列句和復合句簡單句、并列句和復合句v一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：v1. we often study chinese history on friday afternoon.v2. the boy who offered me his seat is cal

38、led tom.v3. there is a chair in this room, isnt there?v4. my brother and i go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.簡單句簡單句 復合句復合句 簡單句簡單句 簡單句簡單句 v5. he is in class one and i am in class two.v6. he was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.v7. neither

39、 has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.v8. what he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?v9. the farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.v10. both tom and jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 復合句復合句 并列句并列句 復合句復合句 簡單句簡單句 簡單句簡單句 三、選擇填空：v1. give me one more minute _ ill be able to finish

40、 it.va. andb. orc. ifd. sov2. its the third time that john has been late, _?va. hasnt heb. isnt he v c. isnt it d. hasnt itv3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!va. howb. whatc. what ad. what anv4. let us pass, _?va. shant web. shall wec. wont wed. will youv5. i suppose hes serious, _ ?va. d

41、o ib. dont ic. is hed. isnt hev6. you had better not smoke here, _?va. will you b. had you v c. shall you d. have youv7. train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.va. thenb. butc. andd. orv8. im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room

42、 last night.va. andb. butc. so d. becausev9. john has not yet passed the driving test, and _.va. henry hasnt too b. henry also has not either vc. neither henry has d. neither has henryv10. there are many sports lovers in his office. some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.va. orb. forv c. while

43、d. sov11. - do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?v - id like to go out.v a. or b. and c. butd. sov12. - “_ is the temperature today?”v -“its 38 degrees.”va. whichb. howc. how hot d. how highv13. - your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?- _.va. yes, he isnt b. no, he isntc. n

44、o, he is d. he isv14. _ friendly _ to everyone!va. how, is sheb. what, is shec. how, she isd. what, she isv15. mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.va. orb. soc. for d. yetv16. mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.va. was makingb. makesc. is makingd. madev17. he lay in bed _ read someth

45、ing borrowed from library.va. butb. andc. ord. yetv18. - id really like some lunch but i have so much work to do.v - _ what you want and i can get it for you.va. tell me b. if you would say to mec. you will tell me d. if you tell mev19. as he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.va. yet heb. but

46、 hec. andd. hev20. - i thought you had an umbrella.- i had, _ ive lost it.va. sinceb. butc. because d. sov21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.va. turning b. to turn c. turned d. turnv22. - i dont like chicken _ fish.- i dont like chicken _ i like fish very much.va. and, andb. an

47、d, but c. or, and d. or, butv23. - would you like to come to dinner tonight?- id like to, _ im too busy.va. andb. soc. asd. but v24. would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?va. andb. thenc. or d. otherwisev25. she set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.va. arr

48、ivingb. to arrivec. having arrivedd. and arrivedv26. “cant you read?” mary said _ to the notice.va. angrily pointingb. and point angrilyc. angrily pointedd. and angrily pointedv27. she thought i was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, i was talking about my daughter.va. whom b. where c. which d.

49、 whilev28. _ it with me and ill see what i can do.va. when leftb. leavingc. if you leaved. leavev29. - alice, you feed the bird today, _?- but i fed it yesterday.va. do youb. will youv c. didnt youd. dont youv30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.va. mindb. glance atc. stare atd. watch四、按要求完成下

50、列句子：1. he dares to tell the truth.（改為否定（改為否定句）句）v2. they have lived here for more than ten years.（對畫線部分提問）（對畫線部分提問）v3. there will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑問）（完成反意疑問）wont there how long have they lived here? he doesnt dare to tell the truth. 或或he dare not tell the truth. v4.

51、 you must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）（改為祈使句）v5. they went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問句改為一般疑問句)v6. it is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）（改為感嘆句）what an interesting story (it is)! 或或how interesting the story is! did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? be

52、 careful with your pronunciation. v7. this magazine comes out（出版）（出版）every other week.（對畫線部分提問）（對畫線部分提問）v8. they could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑問）（完成反意疑問）could they how often does this magazine come out? v9. the moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）（改為感嘆句）v10.our english teacher is always encour

53、aging us to speak english in class. （對畫線部分提問）（對畫線部分提問）10. who is always encouraging us to speak english in class?9. how brightly the moon is shining! bye-bye!二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：vi hope you are very well（）. im fine, but tired（）. right now it is the summer vacation and im helping my dad on the f

54、arm（）. august is the hottest month here（）. it is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day i work from dawn until dark.（） sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. we grow rice in the south of the states, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. we have a lot of machines on the farm（）. although the farm is large, my dad has only two men working for him（）. but he employs more men for the harvest（）. my brother takes care of the veget