語法填空專項訓(xùn)練時態(tài)語態(tài)

1、1. 時態(tài)。時態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式，表示動作發(fā)生的時間和所處的狀態(tài)。英 語中的時態(tài)是通過動詞形式本身的變化來實現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時態(tài)有16種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種：10種時態(tài)構(gòu)成（以do為例）主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時do/does經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作，客觀事實，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)一般過去時did在過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)一般將來時will/shall do在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)過去將來時would do在過去某一時刻看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/aredoi ng表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作過去進(jìn)行時was/weredoi ng表示在過

2、去某一時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作將來進(jìn)行時will/shallbedoi ng表示將來某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作現(xiàn)在完成時have/has done表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在； 也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)過去完成時had done表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動詞，即“過去的過去"現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/has bee n表示個從過去就幵始直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時doi ng并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作2. 語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主 語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的形式

3、由be來體現(xiàn)，如一般過去時的被動語態(tài)就是“was/were+過去分詞”，一般將來時的被動語態(tài)就是“ will be + 過去分詞”。解題技巧在語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)，同時有一空是考查非謂語動詞，因此，首先要判斷括號中所給動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具體的語境來判斷用哪一種時態(tài)，進(jìn)而確定所填動詞的形式。例 1: This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Bei ng too an xious t

4、o help an eve nt develop ofte n 40 （result） in thecon trary to our inten ti on. （2008廣東）分析： 因句中 Bei ng too an xious to help an eve nt develop是動名詞短語作主語，括號中的result應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞；主語與謂語動詞是主動關(guān)系，再說短語動詞result in本身是不能用于被動語態(tài)的，故用主動語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境，這段話是拔苗助長這個 成語故事所說明的道理，“我們必須讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)程發(fā)展。太著急幫助 一件事物發(fā)展，結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）?！边@是

5、客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填 resultso例 2： The policeman ' s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which (place) under the Minister's car. (2005廣東 ) 分析：替代 the box 的關(guān)系代詞 which 在定語從句中作主語， place 應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動詞； 因主語 which (the box) 與 place ( 放置) 是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；又因place這個動作發(fā)生在 was caught 這個動作之前，即“過去的過去

6、”，用過去完成時的被 動語態(tài)，故填 had been placed 。一、單句填空：用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The house belongs to myaunt but she? (not live) here any more.( 全國 I)2. This machine (not work). It hasn't worked for years. ( 浙江)3. If their marketing plans succeed, they (increase) theirsales by 20 perce nt.( 全國U)4. Population experts i

7、n the near future. (predict that most people上海春 )(live) in cities5. He (play) football regularly for many years when he was young.( 天津 )6. - Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?- Yes, since she (join) the Chinese Society. (寧夏 )7. Teenagers (damage) their health because they play computergames

8、 too much. ( 重慶 )8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn 't get through.Her brother (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南 )9. John promised his doctor he (not smoke), and he has smokedever since. ( 北京 )10. By this time tomorrow, I (lie) on the beach11. So far this year we (s

9、ee) a fall in house prices by between5 and 10 percent. (福建 )12. The hotel wasn 't particularly good. But I (stay) in manyworse hotels. ( 北京 )13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we (know) each other for years. ( 遼寧 )14. - I 'm sure Andrew will win the first priz

10、e in the final.- I think so. He (prepare) for it for months. ( 江蘇)15. The telephone (ring), but by the time I got indoors,it stopped. (四川 )16. -Did you go to the show last night?-Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (invite). ( 陜西 )17. - What's that noise?- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new mach

11、ine (test).( 浙江 )18. I like these English songs and they (teach) manytimeson the radio. (安徽 )、語篇填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號為3140的相應(yīng)位置上。(以動詞時態(tài)為主)(1)It?was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I1(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put myhand in

12、tomy pocket 2(take) out my key 3I couldn't find it. Isuddenly remembered that I?had left 4 on my desk in the office. Itreally didn 't mak e 5 difference. I knew my wife was at home andthe children must have come back from school 6 now, so I knocked?atthe door.There was no answer, so I knocke

13、d again. I 7(continue) knockingat the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 (phone)?saying that she 9(go) shopping in the afternoon withthe children.There was only one thing for me?to do: I had to clime in 10a

14、window.(2)When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother1(turn) the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.“Wouldn't it work 2(quick) if a machine turned the wheel foryou?” he asked.“I suppose it would, ” said his mother, without 3(pay) himany attention.Christopher 4(

15、know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted5 (help) her.Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought6 as a gift.“I 7(make) better use of it, ”little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 8(not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. Whenthe job 9(finish), he was quitepleased,?10(think) his mother 11(like) it.“Very clever, ” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat