非謂語動(dòng)詞難點(diǎn)透視不定式

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞難點(diǎn)透視非謂語動(dòng)詞難點(diǎn)透視 動(dòng)詞不定式不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式不定式1 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing t

2、o have done to have been done to have been doing-動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語主語 賓語

3、賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ)作主語作主語To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語真的很重要。當(dāng)今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。作賓語作賓語Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。沒有錢，所以他決定找

4、一份工作。2. 他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。作表語作表語My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語。我的工作是教英語。2. 眼見為實(shí)。眼見為實(shí)。作定語作定語Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要說的嗎你有什么要說的嗎?2. Betty是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth作狀語作狀語He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They

5、jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語目的狀語.原因狀語原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。她叫我呆在這兒。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr. White給你們。給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.高考進(jìn)行時(shí)-動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)I think the best thing you should do is _ another

6、job. A. looking for B. looked for C. look for D. to look for一、一、 做表語做表語二、做定語1. Im going to the supermarket. Have you got anything _? A. bought B. to be bought C. to buy D. being bought 2. Why do you look sad?- There are so many problems _ .A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C.remaining to b

7、e settled D.remained to be settled不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后3. Every student in our class had an application form in his/her hand, but no one knew which office _. A. to send it to B. sent C. sending to D. sent to which和不定式連用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)縮短了的定語從和不定式連用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)縮短了的定語從句，例如：句，例如：She must have time in

8、which to grow calm.She has some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.He only had long nights in which to study.三、做狀語1.Australians have to prevent dingoes _ their sheep and cattle. A. from protecting B. to protect C. protecting D. to protecting 2. Which do you enjoy _ your holiday, going

9、abroad or staying at home? A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示副詞等，表示等。等。3. Lilys mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again. A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found4. What happened to you on your way back to the

10、hotel last night? -I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ things worse, it began to pour. A. making B. to make C. having made D. make 四、做賓補(bǔ)The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, _ after eleven p.m. A. to stay out B. from staying out C. staying out D. not to stay out五、做賓語Tom

11、pretended _ it, but in fact, he knew it very well. A. not listen to B. not to hear about C. not to have heard about D. not to listen六、 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbed C. to have been robbed D. robbed2. He is kn

12、own to be honest.3. She was told to stay at home. 4.He was known to have taken money from Germans.5.He is said to have declared that Voltaire was his God. 6.He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 7.Miss White is supposed to be going with me. 1.They are said to be building another bridge across the

13、 river.2.They seem to be getting along quite well.3.I happened to be going that way too.4.We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.5.He pretended to be listening attentively.6.I am glad to be working with you. (狀語狀語)7.Its nice of you to be thinking of us. (主語主語) 1.He is said to have written a n

14、ew book about workers.(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.)2. The enemy was reported to have surrendered.(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.)3. She seemed to have heard about it already.(It seemed that she had already heard about it.)4.You are lucky to have got tick

15、ets to the concert. (=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.)5.Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.)6.She was very glad to have done something for the people.7.He pretended not to have seen me.1. It is an honour for me to be asked

16、to speak here.2. She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 4.She didnt like herself to be praised like that. 5.The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 6.Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? 7.She was too young to

17、be assigned such work.Lets translate1愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中國人民決不會(huì)征服。中國人民決不會(huì)征服。The Chinese people refuse _3據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his w

18、orkto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。I want this bike _.6 瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)告訴這件事了?，斃路鹨呀?jīng)告訴這件事了。Mary seemed _.7眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚金牌。眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been givenLets write 我長大后想當(dāng)一位護(hù)士。/醫(yī)

19、生/老師我的工作就是照顧好病人。/ 但怎么能做一位出色的護(hù)士呢？我需要努力學(xué)習(xí)。Topic 1 My dreamI want to be a nurse when I grow up.My job is to look after the patientsBut how to be an excerllent nurse?I have to /need to study hard.保護(hù)環(huán)境人人有責(zé)。我們要告訴人們不要再砍伐樹木了。我們要分發(fā)廣告叫人們不要再把污水倒進(jìn)河里了我們要叫人們循環(huán)再用紙。Topic 2 how to protect the environment To protect

20、the environment is everyones duty.= It is everyones duty to protect the environmentWe should tell people not to cut down the trees any more.We should hand out advertisements to tell people not to pour waste water into the river any more.We should ask people to recycle paper.直擊高考作文直擊高考作文 Last Thursda

21、y, we had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. We came up with several choices such as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. Finally, we decided to go m o u n t a i n c l i m b i n g . The next day, we set off early in the morning. While climbin

22、g the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. However, when reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there, such as bottles and banana peels. Then we started to pick up the litter. Afterwards, we put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin

23、respectively.We were tired but happy.一、考查動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成試題精選1. My mother often asks me_ _early. (2003年北京)A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up2. The teacher told her students _in public. (2003年黑龍江)A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shoutDA考點(diǎn)分析動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形式,不受人稱和數(shù)的變化限制,它由“不定

24、式符號(hào)(to)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。其否定式常在to前加not或never構(gòu)成,句型ask/tell sb. （not） to do sth.是命題的熱點(diǎn)。二、考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主語 試題精選1._is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002年甘肅省)A. this B. It C. That D. Its2. Its nice_you_me with my maths. (2002年深圳市)A. for; to help B. for; helpingC. of; to help D. of; helping BC考點(diǎn)分析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí),常

25、用it作為形式主語,而將不定式后置。如要說明動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可在不定式前加一個(gè)介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語;但如果表語是kind, nice, clever等描述動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的性格。品質(zhì)的形容詞時(shí),則應(yīng)在不定式前加一個(gè)of引導(dǎo)的短語,而不可用for引導(dǎo)的短語。 Its +adj+for sb to do sth . Its nice (kind ,clever )of sb to do sth三、考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語試題精選試題精選1. They decided _at the end of this month. (2002年濟(jì)南市年濟(jì)南市)A. to leave B. going C. t

26、ravel D. not start out2. All of us found _difficult to work out the maths problem.A. what B. that C. which D. it 3. Please stop _a rest if you feel tired. (2002年南寧市年南寧市)A. to have B. having C. have D. hasADA考點(diǎn)分析一些動(dòng)詞,如decide, hope, ask等,常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語時(shí),如果后接賓語補(bǔ)足語,常用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)

27、為:主語+謂語+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)?特別是,有些動(dòng)詞(短語)后面可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但所表達(dá)的意義不同,對(duì)此,應(yīng)該弄清楚它們的區(qū)別。常見的這類動(dòng)詞(短語)有:remember/forget to do sth.記住/忘記要做某事;remember/forget doing sth.記得/忘記曾做過某事?stop to do sth.停下來(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。go on to do sth.做完一件事后,繼續(xù)做另一件事;go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事。四、考查動(dòng)詞不定式作定語試題精選試題精選

28、1. Theres enough bird food _for a month. (2001年山西省年山西省)A. to last B. lastC. lasts D. lasted2. She has no paper_. (2001年重慶市年重慶市)A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on AD考點(diǎn)分析動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語時(shí),與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),則要帶上與之搭配的介詞,構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語。動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語,常用于have+某事+to do或enough+名詞+to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。

29、五、考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.Mother asked me _some fruit after supper. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy2. Let him _a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003年濟(jì)南市年濟(jì)南市) A. have B. gets C. to take D. has3. It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children _in the room. (2003年桂林市年桂林市

30、) A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed4.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now. -Yes, she is often seen _the old man with his housework. (2003年呼和浩特市年呼和浩特市) A. help B. to help C. helps D. helpedDABB考點(diǎn)分析有些動(dòng)詞,如teach, want, tell等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,即構(gòu)成teach/want/tell sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,動(dòng)詞不定式作

31、使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)應(yīng)省去to。這些動(dòng)詞可歸納為一感(feel),二聽(listen to, hear),三讓(let, have和make),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。;在動(dòng)詞help后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),to可有可無。注意注意:以上省略以上省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞不定式,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中都在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中都必須加上必須加上to,但但let不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。特殊情況：特殊情況：1. had better (not) do sth.2.help sb. (to )do sth.3.make let sb. do sth.4.see h

32、ear watch sb. do sth.*see hearwatch sb. doing sth. 例句：例句：1、你最好不要吸煙。 You had better not smoke.2、我們經(jīng)常幫她提水。 We often help her (to) carry water.3、他老是使我發(fā)笑。 He always makes me laugh.4、我經(jīng)常聽見他唱歌。 I often hear him sing.六、考查動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語1. Yesterday morning I got up early_be late for the exam. (2002年上海市)A. in orde

33、r to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to2. Lets _so as not _late for the meeting.A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, beCC考點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)分析 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞,表表示目的示目的,也可以表示結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目也可以表示結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的,有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首,或在不定或在不定式前面加式前面加in order或或so

34、 as。如果不定式為否定。如果不定式為否定形式形式,要用要用in order not to.或或so as not to.。七、考查連接代(副)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的用法1. Theres no difference between the two words. I really dont know_. (2003年河南年河南)A. what to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose which D. to choose what2. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in

35、Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003年廣東省年廣東省)A. what to buy B. how to goC. where to go D. which to choose3._the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Which to use D. Where to useBCA考點(diǎn)分析 在英語中有些動(dòng)詞,如ask, decide, tell, know等后可接疑問代(副)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,以此對(duì)賓語從句進(jìn)行簡化。注意:進(jìn)行簡化

36、的條件是主句中的主語和從句的主語必須是同一人稱。此外,動(dòng)詞不定式還可以和what, where, how, when, which等連接代詞(副詞)連用,在句中作主語。八、考查固定句式中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法試題精選1. -You look rather tired ._stop to take a rest? -All right. But Ill have to work for a few more minutes. (2002年呼和浩特市)A. Why not B. Do you C. What about D. How about2. The TV set is too loud. Will you please_? (2002年哈爾濱市)A. turn down it