動(dòng)詞不定式講解機(jī)練習(xí)題

1、動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)之一，也是每年中考英語(yǔ)試題的考點(diǎn)之一。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為"to+動(dòng)詞原形"，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：1.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)等。下面以近幾年全國(guó)部分省市的中考英語(yǔ)試題為例，對(duì)不定式的難點(diǎn)以及它在中考英語(yǔ)中的考查點(diǎn)，作一簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)1. It's ou

2、r duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. It's hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the Worl

3、d Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見(jiàn)的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice，

4、 kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，及介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì);句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，及介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to

5、school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡(jiǎn)析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓

6、語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)Key： 1. B 2. C簡(jiǎn)

7、析不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C簡(jiǎn)析go， come， try， do / try o

8、ne's best等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。3. I'm sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A簡(jiǎn)析"

9、be +形容詞+ to do sth"結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't _ enough _ peop

10、le _ _ _. (廣東省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on簡(jiǎn)析在上述"too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do"(太而不能)和"enough (for sb) to do"(足以、足夠做)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B.

11、 doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D簡(jiǎn)析不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，及被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter

12、 C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A

13、. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡(jiǎn)析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動(dòng)詞和make， have， let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to(let沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。2.在"had better"后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didn't jump D

14、. not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加

15、上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Let's have a res

16、t, shall we?Not now, I can't stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡(jiǎn)析一些常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下："stop to do sth"意為"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事"，"stop

17、 doing sth"意為"停止正在做的事"："remember to do sth"意為"記住去做某事"(事還未做)，"remember doing sth"意為"記得做過(guò)某事"(事已做)："go on to do sth"意為"接著做某事"(做完一事，接著做另一事)，"go on doing sth"意為"繼續(xù)做某事"(一事未做完接著往下做)："forget to do sth"意為

18、"忘了做某事"(事還未做)，"forget doing sth"意為"忘了曾做過(guò)某事"(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)Key： 5. B 6. A簡(jiǎn)析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程(動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)，用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束)。九、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略及其符號(hào)to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C