人教版九年級1-5單元知識點總結(jié)

1、九年級英語 Unit11. by + doing 通過方式 如：by studying with a groupby 還可以表示：“在旁”、“靠近”、“在期間”、“用、”“經(jīng)過”、“乘”等 如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten oclock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus.2. talk about 談?wù)?，議論，討論如：The students often talk about movie after class. 學(xué)生

2、們常常在課后討論電影。 talk to sb. = talk with sb. 與某人說話 talk to sb. about sth 與某人談?wù)撃呈?. 提建議的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.?如：What/ How about going shopping?2 Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping?3 Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?Lets + do sth.如： Lets go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth.? 如

3、：Shall we/ I go shopping?4. a lot 許多 = much 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了許多。5. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.如：Im too tired to sayanything. 我太累了，什么都不想說。so adj./adv. that 主語 + cant v.I am so tired thatI cant say anything.6. aloud, loud 與 loudly 的用法三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關(guān)。aloud

4、是副詞,重點在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,常用在讀書或說話上。read/speak aloud 通常放在動詞之后。aloud 沒有比較級形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。loud 可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與 speak, talk,laugh 等動詞連用,多用于比較級,須放在動詞之后。如:She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說大聲一點。loudly 是副詞,與 loud 同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動詞之前或之后。如:

5、He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不當眾大聲談笑。7. not v. / adj. at all 一點也不, 根本不= not v./ adj. in the slightest 如：I like milk very much. Idont like coffee at all. /I dont like coffee in the slightest.我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點也不喜歡咖啡。not 經(jīng)常可以和助動詞結(jié)合在一起，at all 則放在句尾8. be / get excited about sth.= be / ge

6、t excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth. 對感興奮 如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.I am excited to go to Beijing. 我對去北京感到興奮。9. end up doing sth 終止做某事，結(jié)束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚會以唱歌而結(jié)束。end up with sth. 以結(jié)束 如：The party ended up with her singing.晚會以她的歌唱而告終。10. first of all 首先

7、 at the beginning; to start with;. to begin with 一開始later on 后來、隨11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中間either 也（用于否定句）常在句末too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末12. make mistakes in 在方面犯錯 如：I often make mistakes. 我經(jīng)常犯錯。 make a mistake 犯一個錯誤 如： I have made a mistake. 我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。 by mistake 錯誤地12. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh

8、at me!不要取笑我!13. take notes 做筆記，做記錄 （in ones notebook）14. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做樂意做 She enjoys playingfootball.她喜歡踢足球。enjoy oneself過得愉快如：He enjoyed himself.他過得愉快。16. native speaker 說本族語的人17. make up 組成、構(gòu)成18. one of +(the+ 形容詞最高級)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 其中之一如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受歡迎的教師之一。 19.

9、Its +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對于某人來說)做某事如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English. 對于我來說學(xué)習(xí)英語太難了。 句中的 it 是形式主語，真正的主語是 to study English20.practice doing 練習(xí)做某事 如：She often practice speaking English. 她經(jīng)常練習(xí)說英語。21. decide to do sth. 決定做某事 如：decide not to v.Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已經(jīng)決定去北

10、京。22. unless 假如不，除非 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句 = if notYou will fail unless you work hard./if you dont work hard.假如你不努力你會失敗。 I wont write unless he writes first./ if he doesnt write first.除非他先寫要不我不寫23. deal with 處理 = do with 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.How to deal with ?= What to do with ? 如何處理？24. worry about sb

11、./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人/ 某事 be worried about =be anxious aboutworriedabout sb./sth. = was/were worried about sb./sth.如：Mother worried about his son just now. 媽媽剛才擔(dān)心他的兒子。25. be angry with sb. 對某人生氣 =be mad at 如：I was angry with her. 我對她生氣。 26. perhaps = maybe 也許= possibly27. go by (時間) 過去 如： Two years went by.

12、兩年過去了。As time goes by,28. see sb. / sth. doing 看見某人正在做某事 強調(diào)正在發(fā)生 sb. be seen doingsee sb. / sth. do 看見某人在做某事 sb. be seen to do如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看見他正在教室里畫畫。 29. each other 彼此30. regard as 把看作為. 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。31. too many 許多 修飾可數(shù)名詞 如：to

13、o many girlstoo much 許多 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 如：too much milkmuch too 太 修飾形容詞 如：much too beautiful32. change into 將變?yōu)槿纾篢he magician changed the pen into a book. 這個魔術(shù)師將這本書變?yōu)橐槐緯?33. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的幫助下如：with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的幫助下pare to 把與相比如：Compare you to Anna, yo

14、u are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸運的。 Compare with 把比作35.instead 代替 用在句末，副詞（字面上常不譯出來）要去做的事instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，動詞不做的如：Last summerI went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghaiinstead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我將要去上海。I will go instead of you. 我將代替你去。He stayed at home instead of goingswimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游

15、泳。九年級英語 Unit21. used to do sth. 過去常常做某事否定形式：didnt use to do sth. / used not to do sth.He didnt use to smoke. 他過去不吸煙。如：He used to play football after school.放學(xué)后他過去常常踢足球。疑問形式：Used sb. to v. ? = Did sb. use to v.? Yes, sb. used. / No, sb. usednt. Did he use to playfootball? Yes, Idid. No, Ididnt.There

16、used to be + 主語 介詞地點。 “在曾有?！?.反意疑問句肯定陳述句否定提問 如：Lily is a student, isnt she?Lily will go to China, wont she?否定陳述句肯定提問 如：She doesnt come from China, does she?You havent finishedhomework, have you?3 提問部分用代詞而不用名詞 Lily is a student, isnt she?4 陳述句中含有否定意義的詞，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等。其反意疑問句用肯

17、定式。 如：He knows little English, does he?他一點也不懂英語，不是嗎？They hardly understood it, did they? 3. play the piano 彈鋼琴4. be interested in sth. 對感興趣他們幾乎不明白，不是嗎？be interested in doing sth. 對做感興趣如：He is interested in math, but he isnt interested in speakingEnglish. 他對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣，但是他對說英語不感興趣。5. interested adj. 感興趣的，指

18、人對某事物感興趣，往往主語是人interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主語往往是物6. still 仍然，還用在 be 動詞的后面 如：I m still a student.用在行為動詞的前面 如：Istill love him.7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗8. 害怕be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking/ being alone.9. on 副詞，表示（電燈、電視、機械等）在運轉(zhuǎn)中/打開

19、，其反義詞 off. with the light on 燈開著10. walk to somewhere 步行到某處 walk to school 步行到學(xué)校 go to school on foot 11. spend 動詞，表示“花費金錢、時間”1 spendon sth. 在某事上花費（金錢、時間）2 spend(in)doing sth.花費（金錢、時間）去做某事 如：He spends too much time on clothes.他花費太多的時間在衣著He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花費了三個月去建這座橋。pay for花費 主語

20、 pay/ paid 錢 for sth.如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元買這本書。12. take 動詞 有“花費”的意思 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：It takes/took sb. to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to readthe book.take to do sth.商品 costs sb. 錢13. chat with sb. 與某人閑聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜歡和他聊天。chatted/ chatting14. worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人/某事 worr

21、y 是動詞be worried about sb./sth. 擔(dān)心某人/某事 worried 是形容詞如：Dont worry about him. 不用擔(dān)心他。Mother is worried about her son. 媽媽擔(dān)心他的兒子。15. all the time 一直、始終16. take sb. to + 地方 送/帶某人去某個地方 如：A person took him to the hospital. 一個人把他送到了醫(yī)院。Lui took me home. 劉把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用 to)17. hardly adv. 幾乎不、沒有hardly ever

22、 很少hardly 修飾動詞時，通常放在助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，實義動詞之前 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞hardlyhardly + 實義動詞 如：I can hardlyunderstand them. 我?guī)缀醪荒軌蛎靼姿麄?。Ihardly have time to do it. 我?guī)缀鯖]有時間去做了。18. miss v. 思念、想念、 錯過19. in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內(nèi)常與完成時連用如：I have lived in China in the last few years. 在過去的幾年內(nèi)我在中國住。20. be different from 與不同 the s

23、ame as 與相同be similar to 與相似21. how to swim 怎樣游泳不定式與疑問詞連用：動詞不定式可以和 what, which, how, where, when 等引導(dǎo)的疑問句連 用，構(gòu)成不定工短語。如：The question is when to start. 問題是什么時候開始。I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。22. make sb./ sth. + 形容詞 make you happymake sb./ sth. + 動詞原形 make him laugh be made to v.在被動語態(tài)中 to 要顯現(xiàn)出來23. mo

24、ve to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.24. it seems that +從句 與現(xiàn)在時態(tài)相關(guān)It seemed that +從句 與過去時態(tài)相關(guān) 看起來好像 如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起來他好像變了許多。25. help sb. with sth. 幫某人某事help sb. (to ) do sth. 幫某人做某事She helped me with English. 她幫助我學(xué)英語。She helped me (to) study English。 她幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。26. fif

25、teen-year-old 作形容詞 15 歲的fifteen-year-olds 作名詞指 15 歲的人fifteen years old 指年齡 15 歲 如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一個 15 歲的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15 歲的人喜歡唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是 15 歲。27.支付不起cant /couldnt afford to do sth.cant / couldnt afford sth.如：I cant/couldnt afford to buy the car.I cant

26、/couldnt afford the car. 我買不起這個輛小車。28. as + 形容詞./副詞as sb. could/can 盡某人的能力 如：Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她盡她最快的能力去跑。29. get into troublewith 遇到麻煩 have trouble v.ing30. in the end 最后；at the end of在末尾；by the end of 到為止31. make a decision 下決定 下決心 make up ones mind to v.32. to ones surprise 令某人驚訝

27、 如：to their surprise 令他們驚訝 to LiLeis surprise 令李雷驚訝33. take pride in sth. 以而自豪 be proud of sth.如：His father always takes pride in him. 他的爸爸總是以他而自豪34. pay attention to sth./ v.ing 對注意，留心 如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你應(yīng)該多注意你的朋友。35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 時態(tài)和人成變化 She was able to do it. 她能夠

28、做到。 36. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事 如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已經(jīng)放棄吸煙了。37.不再no more = no longer 如： I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打網(wǎng)球。 not any more = not any longer 如：Idont play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打網(wǎng)球。38. go to sleep 入睡 fall asleep九年級英語 Unit31.語態(tài)：英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和補動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)表示是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)表

29、示主語是動作的承受者Catseatfish.（主動語態(tài)）貓吃魚。Fishis eatenby cats. (被動語態(tài))魚被貓吃。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成由“助動詞 be 及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成助動詞 be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與 be 作為連系動詞時完全一樣。 時態(tài) 被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) 例句一般現(xiàn)在 時amare +過去分詞 isEnglish is spoken inmany countries.一般過 was +過去分詞 This bridge was built in 去 時 were + 過去分詞 1989.情 態(tài)動 詞can/shouldmay +be+過去分詞 must/The w

30、ork must be done right now.被動語態(tài)的用法當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者只需強 調(diào)動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。2. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事（主動語態(tài)）如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night.媽媽允許我每晚看電視。be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事（被動語態(tài)）如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允許去欽州。3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞讓/使（別人）做某事 ge

31、t sth. done(過去分詞)have sth. done 如：Iget my car made. = Ihave my car made. 我讓別人修好我的車4. enough 足夠形容詞enough 如：beautiful enough 足夠漂亮enough名詞 如：enough food 足夠食物enough to 足夠去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢去北京。She is old enough to go to school.她夠大去讀書了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop sp

32、eaking.請停止說話。stop to do sth. 停止下來去做某事 Please stop to speak.請停下來說話。6. 看起來好像sb. seem to do sth. He seems to feel very sad.it seems that +從句 It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起來好像很傷心。7. 系動詞不能獨立作謂語，要和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept 等。連系動詞除 be 和 become 等

33、少數(shù)詞 可接名詞作表語外，一般都是接形容詞。 如：They are very happy. He became a doctortwo years ago.She felt very tired.8. 倒裝句:由 so助動詞(be/do/will/have)/情態(tài)動詞主語 意為：也是一樣She is a student. So am I. 她是一個學(xué)生，我也是。She went to school just now. So didI . 她剛才去學(xué)校了，我也是She has finished the work. So haveI . 她已經(jīng)完成了工作,我也完成了。She will go to

34、school. So will he. 她將去學(xué)校，他也是。9. yet 仍然，還 常用在否定句或疑問句當中10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我經(jīng)常熬夜到 12 點。11. clean up 打掃、整理 clean out 徹底地打掃內(nèi)部如：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已經(jīng)打掃完了臥室。12. 程度副詞：always 總是 usually 經(jīng)常 sometimes 有時 never 從不如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.我總是/

35、經(jīng)常/有時/從不上學(xué)遲到。13. 曾經(jīng)做某事：Do you ever getto school late? Yes, I do. No, Idont.Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I havent.14. go shopping( 去購物), go fishing( 去釣魚), go swimming( 去游泳), go boating( 去劃船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)15. be strict with sb. 對某人嚴厲 be strict in sth. 對某事要求嚴格

36、如：Mother is strict with her son. 媽媽對她的兒子很嚴厲。16. take the test 參加考試pass the test 通過考試fail a test 考試失敗17. the other day 前幾天18. agree 同意 反義詞 disagree 不同意 動詞agreement 同意 be in agreement 意見一致反義詞 disagreement 不同意 名詞18. keep sb/ sth. 形容詞 使某人/某物保持. 如：We should keep our city clean.我們應(yīng)該保持我們的城市干凈。19. bothand +

37、 動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向誰學(xué)習(xí)(什么) 如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher.吉姆向他的英語老師學(xué)習(xí)英語21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有機會做某事have a chance of doing sth. 有機會做某事如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing. 22.

38、at present 目前23. at least 最少 at most 最多24. 花費 take ,cost, spend , paysth.take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book.sth.cost (sb.) The book cost (me) 100yuan.sb.spend on sth. She spent 10days on this book.sb. spend doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book.sb.pay for sth. Sh

39、e paid 10yuan for this book.25. have +時間段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off26. reply to 答復(fù)某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.27. agree with sb./sth.同意某人、事 如：I agree with her.agree to ones plan.同意某人的意見 如：I agree to Li Leis plan.28. get in the way of 礙事，妨礙 如：Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社會生活妨礙

40、了她的學(xué)習(xí) 。29. success n. succeed in v.ing v. successful adj. successfully adv.30. think about 與 think of 的區(qū)別當兩者譯為： 認為、想起、記著時，兩者可互用I often think about/ of that day. 我經(jīng)常想起那天。think about 還有“考慮”之意 ，think of 想到、想出時兩者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一個好主意。We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我們

41、正在考慮去欽州。31. 對 熱衷， 對興趣be serious about doing如：She is serious about dancing. 她對跳舞熱衷。be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她對他感興趣。32. care about sb. 關(guān)心；計較；在乎如：Mother often care about her son.take care 保重；take care of 照顧 care for 關(guān)心；照顧；喜歡；愿意九年級英語 Unit41. if 引導(dǎo)的非真實性條件狀語從句即 虛擬語氣通過動詞形式的變化來表示說話人

42、對發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度或看法的動詞形式稱為語氣，虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種祝愿，建議或是與事實相反的假設(shè)等。If 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句分為真實和非真實條件句，非真實條件句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。 如果要表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾磿r， 其虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：句 型條件從句 主 句謂語動詞形式動詞過去式 (be 動詞 用 were)would+動詞原形即：(從句)if +主語+動詞過去式(be 動詞用 were), 一般過去時 (主句) 主語+would+動詞原形 過去將來時如：If Ihad time, Iwould go for a walk.如果我有時間，我就會去散步。(事實上我

43、現(xiàn)在沒有時間) If Iwere you, Iwould take an umbrella.假如我是你的話，我會帶上雨傘。(事實上我不是你)Iwould say no if someoneasked me to be in a movie. 拒絕。(事實上瑞沒有人請我當電影演員 )假如有人請我當電影演員，我會表示2. pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend +從句 假裝Ipretended that I fell asleep.3. be late for 遲到 如：Iam late for work/ s

44、chool/ class/ party.4. a few 與 a little 的區(qū)別，few 與 little 的區(qū)別a few 一些 修飾可數(shù)名詞a little 一些 修飾不可數(shù)名詞兩者表肯定意義如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少數(shù)的 修飾可數(shù)名詞little 少數(shù)的 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 但兩者表否定意義如：He has few friends. 他沒有幾個朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里沒有多少糖。5.

45、 hundred, thousand , million, billion (十億)詞前面有數(shù)詞或 several 一詞時要不能加 s ，反之，則要加 s 并與 of 連用， 表示數(shù)量很 多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billionpeople幾百/千/百萬/十億人 hundreds of trees 上百棵樹 數(shù)詞 hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion of the +名詞復(fù)數(shù)6. what if + 從句 如果怎么辦 ， 要是 又怎么樣 如： What if she doesnt come? 要是她不來怎么

46、辦？What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么辦？7. add sth. to sth. 添加到 如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。11. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他們幫助你放松12. energetic adj. 活力的如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一個活力的女孩。 energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。13.

47、ask sb. to do 叫做某事ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事tell sb. to do 告訴做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴不要做某事如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.14. start doing = start to do. 開始做某事 如：He started speaking/ to speak. 他開始說話。15. borrow sth. from sb. 從某人那里借來某物 如：I bo

48、rrowed a book from Lily. 我從莉莉那里借來一本書。Lend sb sth= lend sth. to sb. 把借給某人16.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。wait for sb. to v.等某人做某事17. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介紹給某人 如：I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介紹給安娜。18.invite sb. to do 邀請某人做某事 如：Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 19. have

49、dinner/ supper 吃晚飯莉莉邀請我去她家吃晚飯。have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐20. plenty of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞 許多 如：They have plenty of food/ apples. 他們有許多的食物/蘋果。21. 給某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to megive sb. sth. give me an apple 給我一個蘋果22. get along with sb. 與相處 如：Do you get along well/ badly with your frie

50、nds? 你和你的朋友相處得好/不好嗎？ 23. would rather do sth. than do sth.表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 如：I would rather walk than run.24. let sb. down 讓某人失望 如：Dont let your mother down. 不要讓你的媽媽失望。25. come up with sth. 提出 想出 = think up 如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一個好主意。catch up with sb. 追上 趕上 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉趕上

51、了安娜。26. have experience doing 在做某事有經(jīng)驗 如：I have experienceteaching Chinese. 我在教英語方面有經(jīng)驗。27. come out 出版，出來 如：The magazinecomes out once a week. 這種雜志每周出版一次。28. by accident 偶然地，無意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident.心割到自己的手指。29. hurry to do 匆忙Ihurry to call the police. v. sth. in a hurry30. more t

52、han 超過34. offer sb. sth. 給某人提供某物上個星期我不小九年級英語 Unit5賓語從句 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。由連接詞+ 主語+ 謂語 構(gòu)成常由下面的一些詞引導(dǎo)：由 that 引導(dǎo) 表示陳述意義 that 可省略He says (that) he is at home. 他說他在家里。由 if , whether 引導(dǎo) 表示 一般疑問意義(帶有是否、已否、對否等 )I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韋華是否喜歡魚。由 連接代詞、連接副詞(疑問詞) 引導(dǎo) 表示特殊疑問意義Do you know what

53、 he wants to buy? 你知道他想要買什么嗎？從句時態(tài)要與主句一致當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)情況使用任何時態(tài)當主句是一般過去時，從句應(yīng)使用過去某時態(tài)(一般過去時,過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時)H e said (that) he was at home. 他說他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if Ihad finished m homework.她想要知道我是否已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他將

54、會什么時候回來？現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)1 由 have/ has 過去分詞2 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果常與 already, just , yet , ever, never 連用Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了嗎？Yes, I have. I have just finished it. 是的。我剛剛完成了。I have already finished it . 我已經(jīng)完成了。Have you ever been to China? 你曾經(jīng)去過中國嗎？No, I have never been there. 沒有，我從來

55、也沒有去過。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作 或狀態(tài)和表示過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包 括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀態(tài)連用如：（for + 時間段，since + 時間點，或過去某一動 作， 以及 how long ）注： 非延續(xù)性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成 時態(tài)中不能和 for, since 引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語的 肯定句連用。應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 如：buy- havedie- be deadjoin - be in/ be a member ofborrow- keepleave- be away(from)Ihave bought a pen.- I have had a pen for 2 weeks.The dog has died.- The dog has been deadsince last week.have (has) been to + 地點去過某地 已經(jīng)回來2 have (has) gone to + 地點去了某地 沒有回來3 have been in + 地點一直呆在某地 沒有離開過 如：She has been toShanghai. 她去過上海。(已經(jīng)回來)She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(沒有回來)She has been in