2022年2022年初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載名詞一.名詞分類：名詞分為 一般名詞 和專出名詞一般名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱,又可分為個(gè)體名詞,如boy、 house、 insect、 tiger 等；物質(zhì)名詞,如air、 snow、 bread、 rice 等；抽象名詞,如glory、 honesty、 failure、 education 等； 專出名詞：表示個(gè)人.國家.地方.機(jī)構(gòu).組織等的專出名稱,如cheng du、 china、 obama、china central television 等；名詞的兩大考點(diǎn)：數(shù)與格二.名詞的數(shù)1.一般名詞： 可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞1 可數(shù)名詞：包括個(gè)體名詞和

2、集體名詞個(gè)體名詞 : 表示個(gè)體的人或事物名稱的詞；如：teacher、 student、 boy、 book、 bag每個(gè)可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式；a. 單數(shù)表示 “一個(gè) ”的概念；用名詞的單數(shù)時(shí),名詞前需加a 或 an ；如 a book（一本書）.an apple（一個(gè)蘋果） .an orange（一個(gè)橘子）等；b. 復(fù)數(shù)表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的物體；如 two pencils（兩枝鉛筆） .three weeks（三周） 等；集合名詞： 表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞；如：people、 family、 class、 furniture復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)章名

3、詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成；規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成詞形復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例 詞cat cats book-books精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載大多數(shù)名詞以 s.x .ch.sh 結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加 -s；（在清輔音后讀s,在濁輔音及元音后讀 z ；）在詞尾加-es、 讀作 iz ；dog-dogs bag bagsboy- boys glass glasses match matches精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載以輔音字母+y結(jié)把 y 變成i 、 加 -es、 讀 作 izcity cities精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載尾的名詞但專出名詞例外,

4、直接在y 后加 -s、 讀作zcanadian canadiansamerican americans tomato tomatoes精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載以輔音字母+o結(jié) 一般直接加-es、讀作 z;尾的名詞potato potatoes精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載以元音字母 +o 結(jié)尾的名詞以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名某些詞例外 、加 -skilo-kilos、 piano pianos、 photo photoszoo zoos直接加-s、 但讀作 zradio radios有的直接加-s、 讀作 zroof roofs leaf leaves精品

5、學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載詞大多數(shù)要將f 或 fe 變?yōu)?v、再加 -es、讀作 zwife wivesknife knives yourself-yourselves精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載不規(guī)章名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)例 詞精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載通過轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~內(nèi)元音字母man menfoot feettooth teethmouse mice（老鼠）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載通過在詞尾加 -en 或-renox oxen（牛）child children精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載單

6、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a sheep two sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a chinese two chinese （中國人）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載留意事項(xiàng) :只能用于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有: clothes、 trousers、 pants、 shoes、 socks單數(shù)名詞用于復(fù)數(shù)含義: people、 public、 police特別名詞的講解： people 作“人們,人民”解時(shí),只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞作復(fù)數(shù)；作“民族”解時(shí),單復(fù)數(shù)不同,復(fù)數(shù)要在詞尾加s；there are five people in my family.我家有五口人；there are

7、 fifty-six peoples in our country.我們國家有56 個(gè)民族； clothes 等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語作復(fù)數(shù)；例： my favorite clothes are pants. pants 、 shoes 、 glasses 、shorts, scissors 等名詞,由兩部分構(gòu)成,常以復(fù)數(shù)形式顯現(xiàn),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of 表示,此時(shí)如作主語,謂語要作單數(shù)看待；例： your pants are blue.this pair of pants is mine.集體名詞看作整體時(shí),謂語用單數(shù); 指成員時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；his fa

8、milyisa large family.指整體his familylikeanimals. 指成員 有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：fish 魚 fishes 魚的種類 、 paper 紙 papers 報(bào)紙,卷子,論文 、 work 工作works 作品,工廠 、 glass玻璃glasses 玻璃杯,眼鏡 、 orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 、 light 光線lights 燈 、 people 人peoples 民族 、 time 時(shí)間times 時(shí)代 、 次數(shù) 、 chicken 雞肉chickens 小雞例： hair 和 fruit通常作單數(shù),表示總體；my hair is b

9、lack.我的頭發(fā)為黑色的；i like fruit .it s goo我d 喜for歡y水ou果.、水果對(duì)你的身體有好處；但假如表示如干根頭發(fā)或各種水果,就需用復(fù)數(shù)形式. homer simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)；she likes pears、 peaches and other fruits. 他喜愛梨,桃和其它水果；exercise:一）在后面加s；如： cat-cats bag-bags day-daysfathers、books、americans1.some are flying kites near the river.a. childb.

10、boyc. boysd. childs精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載二） x、 sh、 ch、 s、 tch 后加 es；如： class classesmatch matchesbox- boxes dish - dishesboxes、 glasses、 dresses、 watches、 wishes1. there are many fox in the picture. 2 the has two .a. boys、 watchesb. boy、 watchc. boy、 watchesd. boys、 watch三）以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 再加 es 如

11、： baby-babies、 family-families、 duty-duties、 story-stories1. their dictionary look new.以元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的直接加s；元音為字母a、e、i、o、u如： day-days、 boy-boys、 toy-toys、 key-keys、 ways四）以 o 結(jié)尾 沒有生命的 加 s（外來詞）；如：photos,zoos 、pianos、 radios、（有生命的）加es：如 : tomatoes 西紅柿 、 potatoes 馬鈴薯1.we need some more . can you go and get

12、some、 please.a. potatob. potatosc. potatoesd.potatoe 2 there are lots of in the basket on the table.a. tomatosb. tomatoc. tomatoesd. tomatoss精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載3. let's take 4. i have lots of photo、 ok. tomato here.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變f 為 v 再加 es；如： knife-knives、 wife-wives

13、、 half-halves、 shelf-shelves、 leaf-leaves、 yourself-yourselves1.please remember to give the horse some tree_ .a. leafsb. leavesc. leafd.leave2.twelve were hurt、 but no were lost in that accident.a. person;lifeb.people;livesc.peoples;livesd.persons;life3. the leaf on the tree turn-yellow.六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）

14、有：fish、 sheep、 deer 鹿子 、 chinese、 japanese、 germen1.-are there any on the farm.-yes、 there are some.a. horseb. duckc. chickend. sheep2.there are a lot of down there but hardly any .a. sheeps、 peopleb. sheep、 peoplec. sheeps、 peoplesd. sheep、 peoples 3 can you see nine in the picture.a. sheepb. dogc.

15、 pigd. horse 4 there are four and two in the group.a. japanese、 germenb. japaneses、 germenc. japanese、 germansd. japaneses、 germans5. how many sheep are there on the hill.七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有：people、 shorts、 shoes、 glasses、 gloves、 clothes、 socks1. there are five people in his family.2.there are a lot of

16、 down there but hardly any .a. sheeps、 peopleb.sheep、 peoplec. sheeps、 peoplesd. sheep、 peoples3.twelve were hurt、 but no were lost in that accident. a.person;lifeb.people;livesc.peoples;livesd.persons;life 八）單詞形式不變,既可以為單數(shù)也可以為復(fù)數(shù)的有：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載police 警察局,警察 、 class 班,同學(xué) 、 family 家,家庭成員九）合成

17、的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞；如：action movie-action movies、looker-on lookers-on1.the police investigated those about the accident.a. stander-byc. standers-byb. stander-bysd. standers-bys但假如為由man 或 woman 所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)就同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù) ；如： man doctor-men doctors、woman teacher-women teachers1.all the in the hospital got a ri

18、se last month.a.women doctorsc.woman doctorsb. women doctord.woman doctor 2 two would come to the village.a.woman-doctorsb.women doctorc.women doctorsd.woman doctors3. they are woman doctors.十）特別形式的有：man-men、 policeman-policemen、 englishman-englishmen,woman-women、 child-children、 foot-feet、 mouse-mi

19、ce、 tooth-teeth1.one of mike s was hurt in the accident yesterday.a. toothb.feetc.handd.ear2.the little baby has two already.a. toothb. toothsc. teethd. teeths3. the cat caught two last night.a. mousesb. micec. moused. mices 4 the japanese will not leave china until she finishes her study.a. womanb.

20、 womenc. mand. men 5 the boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.a. toothb. toothsc. teethd. teeths6. the deer has four .a. footb. feetc. feetsd. foots7. the baby has only two tooth now.2 不行數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的名詞；如：coffee、 hair、 juice、 water、 rice抽象名詞： 表示狀態(tài),品質(zhì),動(dòng)作,感情等抽象概念的名詞；如：health、 ha

21、ppiness、 help個(gè)體名詞精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載集體名詞可數(shù)名詞精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載一般名詞專出名詞留意事項(xiàng) ：物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞不行數(shù)名詞精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載1. 不行數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)變化、不能與 a/an 或表示詳細(xì)數(shù)量的詞直接連用；這些名詞前往往加some、 any、 no、 a little 等詞；如 ; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 當(dāng)需要表達(dá)名詞的單位的量時(shí)候就要用：數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of+ 名詞來表述；用量詞修飾時(shí),第一 要

22、留意量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；然后 要留意名詞為否可數(shù)、不行數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)、可數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)、如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.exercise:1.they are thirsty. will you please give them .a. some bottles of watersb. some bottles of waterc. some bottle of waterd. some bottle of waters 2.there is some on the plate盤子 .a.

23、cakesb. meatc. potatod. pears 3.please pass me .a. two glass of waterb. two glasses of watersc. two glasses of waterd. two glass water4.this table is made of .a. many glassb. glassesc. some glassesd.glass5.mr. smith always has to tell us.a. some good pieces of newsb. some pieces of good newsc. some

24、good piece of newsd. some piece of good news6.generally there are television programs for children on saturday.a.littleb. muchc.a large number ofd.a large amount of對(duì)量詞的提問句型對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many ；對(duì)不行數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much ,但對(duì)不行數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時(shí)要用how many ；如：i would like two apples. how many apples would y

25、ou like. i want some bread. how much bread do you want.i want three glasses of water. how many glasses of water do you want ？ 詢問價(jià)格用how much ,如 : how much is the coat.how much are the coats.二.名詞的全部格全部格的構(gòu)成： 1. 有生命的名詞2. 無生命的名詞有生命的名詞（ 1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加's.如： my brother's book , jack's cat, the girl&

26、#39;s pen（ 2）以 -s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的全部格,只需在名詞右上方加；如： the girls dormitory , a teachers' college留意：在不規(guī)章復(fù)數(shù)名詞后,要加's.如： women's clothes.（ 3）假如一樣?xùn)|西為兩個(gè)人共有,在后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加's, 如：tom and peter's room湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（ 4） 假如一樣?xùn)|西不為共有的,兩個(gè)名詞都要加's.如 ： tom's and peter's rooms湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無生命名詞 : 無生命的名

27、詞的全部格,通常用“of+名詞 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示；如：the windows of the room（房間的窗戶）a picture of the horse（一張馬的照片）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載名詞習(xí)題一寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1. house 2. it 3. zoo 4. orange 5. bag 6. exercise 7. brush 8. family 9. bus 10. city 11. box 12. baby 13. class 14. factory 15. glass 16. dictionary 17. watch 18. woman 19.

28、match 20. man 21. this 22. german 23. tomato 24. policeman 25. kilo 26. human 27. potato 28. chinese 29. shelf 30. japanese 31. leaf 32. american 33. life 34. tooth 35. wife 36. foot 37. knife 38. sheep 39. half 40. child 41.tooth 42.mouth 二挑選填空：1. i want to buy .a. two bottles of inkb. two bottle o

29、f ink2. they don t have to d_o today.c. two bottle of inksd. two bottles of inksa. much homeworkb. many homeworksc. many homeworkd. much homeworks3. there are three and seven in the picture.a. cows、 sheepsb. cows、 sheepc. cow、 sheepd. cow、 sheeps4. june 1 is .a. children s dayb. children s dayc. chi

30、ldren s dayd. children s day5. room is next to their parents .a. kate s and joan sb. kate s and joanc. kate and joan sd. kate and joan6. miss green is a friend of .a. mary s mother s b. mary s motherc. mary mother sd. mother s of mary7. sheep white and milk also white.a. is、 areb. are、 isc. is、 isd.

31、 are、 are8. iikde lto have a glass of milk and .a. two breadsb. two pieces of breadsc. two pieces of breadd. two piece of bread9. many are singing over there.a. womanb. womenc. girld. child10. he bought .a. two pairs of shoesb. two pair of shoesc. two pairs of shoed. two pair of shoe11. mr. white ha

32、s three .a. childb. childrenc. childsd. childrens12. -are these . - no、 they aren t. they re .a.sheep、 cowsb. sheep、 cowc. sheeps、 cowd. sheeps、 cows13. there are many in the fridge.a. fishb. fruitc. eggsd. bread14. - whose room is this. -it s .a. li mingb. li ming sc. li mingsd. li mings 15. here a

33、re for you、 sue.a. potatosb. some potatoesc. three tomatosd. some tomato16. here are some birthday cards with our best for her.a. wishb. hopec. wishesd. hopes精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載17. i always go to that to buy food on sunday.a. shopb. parkc. zood. garden18. room is on the 5th floor.a. lucy and lil

34、yb. lucy and lily s c. lucy s and lilyd. lucy s alnidly s19. mum、 i m quite thirsty. please give me .a. two orangeb. two bottle of orangesc. two bottles of oranged. two bottles of oranges20. 10. the cat caught two last night.a. mousesb. micec. moused. mices21. i met some in the park and talked with

35、them the other day.a. janpanesesb. americanc. chinesesd. english22. there are two in the room.a. shelfb. shelfsc. shelfesd. shelves23. there are seven in a week.a. yearsb. monthsc. daysd. minutes24. my father is a . he works in a hospital.a. teacherb. doctorc. farmerd. writer25. - excuse me、 are you

36、 . - yes、 i m from .a. japan、 japaneseb. china、 chinesec. england、 englishd. american、 america26. theyare jackets.a. lucy sb. lucy 27. what color is coat.a. peter sb. peter 28. these are books.a. teachers sb. teachers 29. they are ice creamsa. childrenb. childrens30. this is bag.a. tom and peterb.to

37、m s and peter s31. where are .a. the school s studentsb. studentsofthe school32. those are bags.a. drivers sb. drivers33. this bag is .a.mary s and tom s b.mary and toms34. fathers are coming.a. mary s and kateb.smary s and kate c.mary and kates35. how are these books.a. manyb. much36. this pair of pants blue. i like very much.a. is、 itb. are、 themc. is、 them37.how glasses of water do you want.d. are、 ita. manyb. much38. this is .a. mike and jim's bikec. mike's and jim's bikeb. mike's and jim biked. mike and