小學(xué)五年級下英語語法總結(jié)（精編版）

1、英語時(shí)態(tài)語法 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)一現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)： 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)展的動作構(gòu)成：主語 +be 動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分we are having lunch.he is reading a book.the dog is running after a cat.the boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be 動詞移動到句首are we having lunch?is he reading a book?is the dog running after a cat?are the boys swimming

2、across the river?變否認(rèn)句在be 動詞后面加not we are not having lunch.he is not reading a book.the dog is not running after a cat.the boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc疑問詞 +動詞 +主語 +現(xiàn)在分詞what are you doing?what is she doing?what is the dog doing?沒有進(jìn)展時(shí)的動詞必背表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能

3、表示正在進(jìn)展的動作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞：see, hear, like, love, want2. have, has當(dāng)擁有講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)展時(shí)二一般過去式：表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago構(gòu)成：含有be 動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was， are 的過去式為werei was at the butcher s. you were a student a year ago.the teacher was very beautifu

4、l ten years ago.變疑問句將be 動詞移動到句首were you at the butchers? were you a student a year ago?was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否認(rèn)句在be 動詞后面加not i was not at the butchers. you were not a student a year ago.the teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答 / 否認(rèn)回答5 /5yes, i was. / no, i was no

5、t.yes, you were. / no, you were not. yes, he/she was. / no, he/she was not.特殊疑問句what did you do?必背不含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式i finished my homework yesterday.the boy went to a restaurant.the sawyers lived at king street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加did, 動詞變?yōu)樵蚫id you finish your homework yesterday? did the boy go t

6、o a restaurant?did the sawyers live at king street a year ago?變否認(rèn)句在主語和動詞之間加did not i did not finish my homework yesterday.the boy did not go to a restaurant.the sawyers did not live at king street a year ago.肯定回答與否認(rèn)回答yes, i did. no, i didn t. yes, he did. no, he didnt. yes, they did. no, they did no

7、t.三過去完成時(shí)用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動作中，發(fā)生在前的那個(gè)動作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)： had+過去分詞after she had finished her homework, she went shopping. they had sold the car before i asked the price.the train had left before i arrived at the station.after/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后那么不用加。1. 變疑問句：將助動詞移到句首had she finished her homewor

8、k?2. 變否認(rèn)句：在助動詞后面加not she hadn t finished her homework.3. 肯定回答與否認(rèn)回答yes, she had. no, she hadn t.4. 特殊疑問句：what had she done?四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語 +助動詞 have, has +過去分詞用法：1） 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用i have just had lunch.飽了，不用再吃了he has had a cup of tea.不渴了，不用再喝they have already had

9、 their holiday.不能再度假了the boy has already read the book.已經(jīng)知道書的容了，不用再看了2） 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have you finished your homework? have you been to beijing?have he seen the film?3） 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作i have lived in beijing for twenty years. i have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過。地方，做過。 。事情，經(jīng)

10、歷過。 。事情i have never seen a film.i have never been to cinema. i have ever been to paris.have been to表示去過， have gone to表示去了i have been to london.人已經(jīng)回來he has gone to london.人還在那里5） 表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用 i have lost my pen.i have hurt myself.he has become a teacher. she has broken my heart. 句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句

11、首，變否認(rèn)句在助動詞后面加nothave you lost your pen? i have not lost my pen.肯定回答與否認(rèn)回答yes, i have. no, i have not.特殊疑問句： what have you done? what has he done?一般過去式與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：但凡有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用。錯(cuò)： i ve left beijing for 3 days.對： i left beijing 3 days ago. i have been away

12、from beijing for 3 days.五一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作，經(jīng)常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc.表示將來的詞聯(lián)用。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +助動詞 will+動詞原形i will go to america tomorrow.the pilot will fly to japan the month after the next. jack will move into his new house tomorrow

13、 morning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首will you go to america tomorrow?will the pilot fly to japan the month after the next?will jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否認(rèn)句在助動詞后面加not i will not go to america tomorrow.the pilot will not fly to japan the month after the next. jack will not move into his new hous

14、e tomorrow morning.肯定回答與否認(rèn)回答yes, i will. / no, i will not.yes, he/she will. / no, he/she will not. yes, he will. / no, he will not.特殊疑問句what will you do?【be動詞用法】be 動詞 (am、is 、are)+not情態(tài)動詞can+ not助動詞 (do 、 does) + not如何將一個(gè)肯定的述句改為否認(rèn)句：1、看句中有無be 動詞，如有，直接在be 動詞后 + not 。2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動詞后+ not 。3、如上述

15、二者都沒有，就應(yīng)用助動詞+ not 。分四個(gè)步驟：(1) 肯定述句中本來是沒有助動詞的，要加上去，位置在主語( 某人或某物) 后，動詞前。(2) 確定助動詞用do、does ，根據(jù)句中動詞，動詞是原形的助動詞就用do，動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動詞就用does(3) 在助動詞后加not(4) 原句中動詞假設(shè)發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用any。【一般疑問句】如何將一個(gè)肯定的述句改為一般疑問句：1、看句中有無be 動詞，如有，把be 動詞提到句首即可。2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞，如有，把情態(tài)動詞提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)把助動提到句首。分四個(gè)步驟：(1) 肯定述句中本來是沒有助動詞的，要加上去，位置在主語( 某人或某物) 后，動詞前。(2) 確定助動詞用do 還是 does ，根據(jù)句中動詞，動詞是原形的助動詞就用do，動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動詞就用does(3) 把助動詞后提到句首。(4) 原句中動詞假