直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

1、直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)l 直接引語(yǔ)： 原封不動(dòng)地直接引用他人的原話。l 間接引語(yǔ)： 用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人說的話。l 引述動(dòng)詞： 直接引語(yǔ)的引號(hào)前用來引導(dǎo)“引語(yǔ)”的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。l He says,” I turned off the light.”l He says that he turned off the light.l She will say,” I have finished my homework.”l She will say that she has finished her homework.l 引述動(dòng)詞的使用問題：l 1.主語(yǔ)+引述動(dòng)詞 + , +”引語(yǔ)第一個(gè)單詞首字母大寫”l 2

2、.“引語(yǔ)第一個(gè)單詞首字母大寫+ , ”+ 主語(yǔ) +引述動(dòng)詞+. l （主謂?？傻寡b） 既：l “引語(yǔ)第一個(gè)單詞首字母大寫+ , ” +引述動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+.l 3.主語(yǔ)+引述動(dòng)詞可作插入語(yǔ)l “Im here to hear your opinions ,” said the young cadre.l “Hands up,” he ordered, “ or well fire!”l “I hope, ”said she,” youll be back as soon as possible.”引述動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)不變1.間接引語(yǔ)一般由that引導(dǎo)，但當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問句

3、，選擇疑問句或反意疑問句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)只能用whether 或if 引導(dǎo)，并將疑問句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。若直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問句，則只將語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。2.直接引語(yǔ)中指示代詞，人稱，數(shù)，格要根據(jù)意思作相應(yīng)的改變。3.由于時(shí)態(tài)的改變，與之相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)也要作相應(yīng)改變。4.如果直接引語(yǔ)中的話是在當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)卣f的，則時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)均保留不變。She said ,” I will be back here tomorrow.”She said that she will be back here tomorrow.5.若直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，則加to將其變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ)，并根據(jù)意思和語(yǔ)氣將引述動(dòng)詞

4、分別改為：asked, told, ordered, commanded等。一般過去時(shí)向?qū)儆谶^去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)回移一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)（若表示普遍真理或客觀事實(shí)，則一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不變）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（若引語(yǔ)中有表示過去的確切時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則一般過去時(shí)不變。）過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)l She said,” I need two pieces of paper.”l She said that she needed two pieces of paper.l Mary said ,”I am beginning to sleep better.”l Mary sai

5、d that she was beginning to sleep better.l Jack said,” I have repaired the machine.”l Jack said that he had repaired the machine.l She said to me,” I saw the film.”l She told me that she had seen the film.l He said,” I had planted the trees before supper.”l He said that he had planted the trees befo

6、re supper.l The teacher said,” Columbus discovered America in 1492.”l The teacher said that Columbus discovered America in 1492.l He said,” Failure is the mother of success.”l He said that failure is the mother of success.直接引語(yǔ)中指示代詞，人稱，數(shù)，格要根據(jù)意思作相應(yīng)的改變。thisthatthesethoseHe said,” I am very busy.”He sai

7、d that he was very busy.She said,” We are getting in the rice.”She said that they were getting in the rice.The boy said,” Your handwriting is better than mine.”The boy said that my handwriting was better than his.He said,” I have left my notebook on your desk.”He said that he had left his notebook o

8、n my desk.heretherethis placethat placethese placesthose placescomegobringtake由于時(shí)態(tài)的改變，與之相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)也要作相應(yīng)改變。this week(month, etc.)that week(month, etc.)the day after tomorrowin two days timelast week(month, etc.)the week(month, etc.) beforenext week(month, etc.)the next/following week(month, etc.)ag

9、obeforenowthenyesterdaythe day beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforetodaythat daytonightthat nighttomorrowthe next day(the following day)l He said,” Now it is your turn.”l He said that then it was my turn.l Ada said,” I saw my elder sister off at the station yesterday.”l Ada said that she ha

10、d seen her elder sister off at the station the day before.l Tom said,” I havent seen Mary today.”l Tom said that he hadnt seen Mary that day.l She said,” We shall have a get-together with you tomorrow.”l She said that they would have a get-together with us the next day.l Marlin said,” She entered a

11、spare-time school two years ago.”l Marlin said that she had entered a spare-time school two years before.l He said,” Ill leave this place as soon as possible.”l He said that he would leave that place as soon as possible.l She said.” Ill bring some money with me.”l She said that she would take some m

12、oney with her.l The captain said ,” We shall come across the Channel next week.”l The captain said that they would go across the Channel the next week.l He asked,” Are you from Anhui?”l He asked me if I was from Anhui.l She asked me,” You have already done the experiment, havent you?”l She asked me

13、whether I had already done the experiment.l He asked,” Do you speak English or French?”l He asked me whether I spoke English or French.l He asked: “ Who are you?”l He asked me who I am.l The teacher asked,” Where did you find it, Laura?”l The teacher asked Laura where she had found it.l He said,” Please come here again tomorrow.”l He asked me to go there again t