句子成分和基本句型-ss

1、No pains, no gains. 寧鄉(xiāng)十中高二英語學案基礎語法句子成分和基本句型姓名：_ 班級_一句子的主要成份與次要成份句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。句子的主要成份由主語和謂語部分部分組成。句子的次要成分有賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補語、同位語等。其中，補語與同位語在高中階段較常見。 例如：The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring(主語) (定語修飾主語) (系動詞) (表語) (狀語)Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.?(主語) (謂語) (賓語) (補

2、語) (狀語)練習 在括號內寫出以下句子劃線部分的基本成份1.They are workers from China.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( )2. The singer made himself known.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( )3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( ) （ ） ( ) ( ) 二、主語及充當主語的詞性、形式、短語或句子1) Deer are animals.(主語由_充當)2) Everything goes well.(主語由_來充當)3) 99 is larger than 98

3、. (主語由_來充當)4) To say is one thing and to do is another thing.(主語由_來充當)5) To host a party is not an easy thing.(主語由_來充當)6) Swimming does good to ones health.(主語由_來充當)7) Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.(主語由_來充當)8) What he said hurt me greatly.(主語由_來充當)三、謂語以及充當謂語的動詞9) The bike went wrong

4、again.(_ 作謂語，_)10) Most of the my classmates work hard.（_作謂語，_）11) They told me his experiences in America.（_作謂語，_）12) Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.(are making作謂語)13) We will stay at the school at the weekend.(will stay作謂語)14) Many flowers will have been planted by the en

5、d of the year.（will have been planted作謂語）四、賓語及充當賓語的詞性、形式、短語或句子15) The factory makes paper.(_作賓語)16) I will make it one day.(_作賓語)17) The price increased by 10%.（_作賓語）18) They planned to go ahead of time.（_作賓語）19) Do you like swimming?（_作賓語）20) Some students asked to act as volunteers.（_作賓語）21) I for

6、got bringing my mobile phone.（_作賓語）22) Do you know where he lives?（_作賓語）五、定語及充當定語的詞性、形式、短語或句子（1）_作定語：A book cover, a coffee cup, a table leg, a mountain plant（2）_作定語: an attractive sight, people alive, the students present at the meeting（3）_作定語: The students here work hard. The book over there is hi

7、s.（4）_作定語: The pencil-bos on the desk is mine. （5） _定語: He is a walking dictionary Do you know the boy standing outside the classroom? I like novels written by Luxun. （6）_: Is there anything to eat? （7）_: The bookcase that was bought yesterday is cheap.練習 將下列句中作定語的部分劃線.1.I need a book cover. 2.John

8、is a handsome star.3.The trees over there grow green. 4.The books in my schoolbag are readable.5. The crowds waiting for Yang Liwei cheered up.6. Id like to introduce a book called A Woman in White to you.7.The computer to be repaired is on the desk.8. Do you know the date when he was born?句型一 主語+系動

9、詞+表語（1）系動詞的三分類：表示_類的有be,remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示_類的有grow, turn, get, become, fall，go，come等；表示_類的有l(wèi)ook, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem，appear. 等；例如: I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生他是初中生。After four years, Tom became a doctor =turned doctor.四年后，湯姆成了一名醫(yī)生。The story sound

10、s interesting and instructive.這故事聽起來既有趣又有教育意義。（2） 可以充當表語的有形容詞、名詞、副詞(短語)、介詞短語、表語從句、分詞（短語）等。例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday.(_作表語)In my mind, mother is my hero.(_作表語)Look1 Your pet dog is there.(_作表語)The schoolbags come in different sizes.(_作表語)Youve changed a lot. You are not

11、what you were.(_作表語)Many passengers got injured in the accident.(_作表語)The machine keeps running for a long time.（_作表語）（3） 使用系動詞應注意的地方:第一，沒有_；第二，.一般沒有_；第三，有些動詞既是系動詞又是普通動詞，如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get,smell等。第四，非謂語一般用現在分詞倒如：After two-days treatment, he felt well again.(不用was felt) He remains an exce

12、llent engineer in the fatory.(不用 is remained)比較以下句子：1) The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.2) We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.3) Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.練習 根據句子，選擇一個合適的動詞填空或根據漢語提示填空：(1)I _（remain/keep/stay）a nurse while he has_(turned/beco

13、me) engineer(2) Put the meat in the refridgerator(冰箱).It _(goes/gets/turns/becomes) bad easily.(3) What he said_(sounds/looks/smells/tastes) reasonable.(4)He feels _(comfortable/comfortably), working in the air-conditioned office.(5) When the winter comes, the leaves in the tree turn _(yellow/green)

14、.(6) My mother _(looks/appears) young although she is already in her late fifties.(7) More trees will _(be grown/grow/) around our school.(8) We do morning exercises to _(keep/turn/become) healthy.(9)The apple _(tastes/is tasted) sweet. (10)Those apples _(have tasted/have been tasted) already.（11）Pl

15、ease keep _(安靜) ; The baby has fallen _(睡). (12) They work day and night to make their dream come_(真).句型二 主語+不及物動詞(1)不及物動詞不能直接加賓語。如, agree, lie, work, argue,lie,belong,come, go,reply等。(2) 不及物動詞加一個介詞后構成動詞短語可以加賓語。如，agree with, lie in, work at, belong to , come across, go to等。（3）有些動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞。如，beg

16、in, sell,write,wash,answer, read等。例如：The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物動詞) The professor began his speech directly.（及物動詞）The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.(第一個sell為不及物動詞而第二個及物動詞)。練習 1.在每一空格上填一恰當的介詞。（1）I dont agree _you completely. I have my own opinion.(2) The dictionary

17、 is not Toms. It belongs _me.(3) Use your head, and you will think _some ways to solve the problem.(4) To improve my English, I work hard _it.(5) Lood _the cloudy sky,. It is going to rain.句型三 主語+及物動詞+賓語練習 劃出以下句子的主、謂、賓部分如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.（1）To master a foreign language he

18、lps us communicate with foreigners.（2）I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.（3）We missed going to college for that reason.（4）What he said touched me greatly.句型四 主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）（1）雙賓語指直接賓語與間接賓語。一般地說，賓語指人為間接賓語，賓語指物為直接賓語。例如：My father bought me a car.（me為間接賓語，a car 為直接賓語）The singer sang u

19、s another song.（us為間接賓語，another song 為直接賓語）（2）如果直接賓語放在及物動詞之后、間接賓語之前，那兩個賓語之間有一個介詞(to, for)The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.The singer sang another song for us.練習 在每一空格上填一個恰當的介詞。（1）Mother bought a birthday cake _me.(2) Give a second apple _her. She likes it.(3) The company wil

20、l provide some drinks _ the volunteers.句型五 主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）： 4) Tom made the baby laugh.（不帶to的不定式laugh作補語）5) Tell him to follow the instructions.(不定式短語作賓補)6) They made Beijing the capital of the PRC.(名詞作賓補)7) We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked.(現在分詞短語作賓補)8) I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one.(不定代詞one 作賓補)9) What made you here?(副詞作賓補)10) We found ourselves in great trouble.(介詞短語作賓補)11) Dont leave the machine working all da