2022年Unit3GoodsMove.PeopleMove.IdeasMove

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載unit 3goods move. people move. ideas move. and cultures change.erla zwinglestructure of the textpart i paras. 1-3globalization is a reality but it is not something completely new. what is new isthe speed and scope of change.part ii paras. 4-6this part deals with different views on g

2、lobalization.part iii paras. 7-9three points are made in this part:(1) westernization is not a straight road to hell、 or to paradise either.(2) cultures are as resourceful、 resilient、 and unpredictable as the people who compose them. 3teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultu

3、res.part iv paras. 10-13this part describes the author s experience with amanda freeman“、 acool hunter. ”part v paras. 14-19in order to provethat the trend is toward fusion、 the author uses tom sloper and mah-jong as an example.part vi para. 20this is a transition、 using china s change in the past 2

4、0 years as an example.part vii paras. 21-24this part deals with cultural trends in shanghai.part viii paras. 25-28the author uses her experience at the shanghai theatre academy to illustrate her point that the change is at the level of ideas.part ix paras. 29-34in this part、 the author introduces a

5、lvin toffler s view on conflict、 change and the world order.part x para. 35a summing-up of linking-goods move、 people move and ideas move.part xi para. 36conclusion: the result of linking is change which means transformation of each other.part xii paras. 37-39the author again uses an example from sh

6、anghai to illustrate the transformation of cultures.part viii para. 40linking in the end means the linking of heart.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載ii. detailed analysis of the text1. questions on paragraph 1:how does the author begin this article. why does she quote marx and engels.the author begins the art

7、icle with the statement“ today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformationofcultures”whichiscalledglobalization.heretheauthorpointsoutthatglobalization is a worldwide movement and a movement of reformation of cultures. she does not say、 “merging of cultures ”but “reformation of cultures、 ”indica

8、ting that the cultures in the world will continue to exist but they will not exist unchanged.the author then says that globalization is not an exact word to describe the changes. why. the author quotes marx and engels to prove her point. according to polls、 marx and engels arerated among the most in

9、fluential figures of the past one thousand years. the authors intentionis two-fold: on the one hand she wants to show that globalization has resulted from the rise of modern industry and world markets; on the other she wants to stress that it is a process and a historical process at that.editor s no

10、te: the favorable reception in the west of chinese kun qu 昆曲 “ peony pavilion” 牡丹亭 、 the popularityofkorean filmsin china、the uproar over tainted milkpowder involving a chinese-new zealand joint venture company、 the alarm caused internationally bybird flu are all examples of the development of globa

11、lization.2. today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformationof cultures、 a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called、 in the curious vocabulary of social scientists、 “ globalization.”para. 1in the throes of: in the act of struggling with a problem、 decision、 task、 etc.translation:今日我們正經(jīng)受著一種世界范

12、疇文化劇變的陣痛、一種習(xí)俗與追求的結(jié)構(gòu)性變化 、用社會(huì)科學(xué)家奇妙的詞匯來(lái)稱呼這種變化,就叫“全球化 ”；3. in place of the old wants、 requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes、 .para. 1精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載paraphrase: instead of people s traditional needs、 we find newfrom distant and far-off places to meet them.note:

13、eds、 deman“difneglt go”odsne精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the object of“ requiring showing purpose.is ”“ theproducts; “ for their satisfactionis ”an adverbial phrase、精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載4. their statement now describes an ordinary fact of life. para. 1paraphrase:marxand engels mad

14、e the prediction150 years ago. buttodayit is not a prediction but something that happens every day.5. how people feel about this depends a great deal on where they live and how much money they have. para. 2paraphrase:people asttitude toward globalizationis to a great extent determined by whether the

15、y are in精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載developed or less developed countries and whether they are among the haves or the have-nots.note:the author is to a large extent correct in making this statement. according to polls in the u.s.、the attitude towards globalization has a lot to do with a person s level of

16、 income and educat an analysis of the economic situation in the worldin recent years shows that most of thebenefits of globalizationhave gone to the developed world、hence the dissatisfactionand resentment of many in the third world.6. yet globalization、 as one report stated、“ is a reality、pnaorta.a2

17、choice.”paraphrase: globalization is not something that you can accept or reject; it is already a fact of life、 which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.7. humans have been weaving commercial and cultural connections since before the first camel caravan ventured afield. para. 2carav

18、an: a company of travelers、 esp. of merchants or pilgrims traveling together for safety、 as through a desertventure: to undertake the risk of、 to braveafield: away from homeparaphrase:peopleintheworldmadecommercialand culturalcontactslongbefore merchants on camels risked traveling to places far away

19、 from home.8. wrought para. 2:past participle of work to produce results or exert an influence9. telegraph. between individuals and the wider world. para. 2 paraphrase:the invention of the telegraph brought individuals and the outside world closer but at the same time the connection was more complex

20、、 less direct、 not so easy to see or detect.translation:電報(bào).電話.收音機(jī)和電視把個(gè)人和外部世界更緊密地連在一起、這種聯(lián)系更為復(fù)雜.不那么直接也不易察覺(jué)；note:精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the author uses “ intricateand”“ complicatedto”d escribe the connection because with the精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載emergence of advanced technology、 the connection is not

21、only faster but also more difficult to see、 to explain. for example、 connection with the outside world through watching cable tv or listening to radio is less tangible and much less direct than camel caravans. but a connection is established. telegraph and internet connections are examples. you can

22、connect through the internet to a person you may never have actually met in person.10. still、 the basic dynamic remains the same: goods move. people move. ideas move. para. 3dynamic: a force producing motion or changenote:“ still” here introduces a contrast. paragraph 2 tells the readers that modern

23、 technology makes精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the connections and changes faster and more complicated. paragraph 3 stresses that the basic pattern is the same. the difference lies in the speed and scope of change.11. questions on paragraph 4 ：(1) how do western social scientists、 anthropologistsand politi

24、ciansview the trend toward globalization. does the author agree. what is your view.many members of these groups believe that globalization will result in the spread of american goods as well as american values and culture、 and that the consequence will inevitably be the americanization of the world.

25、the author is not so pessimistic. she does not think that globalization means americanization; she believes a variety of cultures will continue to exist、 but that they will all be changed. this can be seen in her opening statement、 in para.3-4、 and in her concluding paragraph.the factors mentioned b

26、y the critics of globalization do exist. the united states、 as the worldonly superpower、 has taken advantage of globalization to greatly expand its exports of goods as well as ideas and values. if you go on the internet、 the overwhelming amount of information is in english. in international business

27、、 the prevalent means of communication is english. that iswhy criticsincludethe english language as part of the “ culturalassault”th.is concern isshared by some chinese citizens/intellectuals. but globalization is a double-edged sword、 which means it can cut either way. advantages and disadvantages

28、coexist. the determining factor is government policy. closed-door policies have proved to be disastrous.so the onlyfeasible approach is to make fulluse of the advantages and to minimizethe negative effects.(2) is the author s description of thecbhoionka can say no accurate.no. the burning of hollywo

29、od is the subtitle for a section in the book in which the authors discuss the burning of hollywood films by the frenchit is not advice to the chinese. theauthor said he would not fly on a boeing 777、 not because of anti-americanism、 but because of technical flaws in the design. since it is based on

30、inaccurate information、 her analysis cannot be correct.note:the author makes three more crucialpoints: that the book isan example of“ exploiting nationalist anxieties” 、 that china struggles between xenophobia and ambition、 that the book central theme is that chinese people should not believe blindl

31、y in foreign things.12. whatever their backgrounds or agendas、 these critics are convinced that western often equated with american influences will flatten every cultural crease、 producing、 as one observer terms it、 one big“ mcwpoarrlda. ”4agenda: program of things to be donecrease: a fold or wrinkl

32、emcworld:a world modeled on mcdonald s、 meanionrgldafiwlled with american goods and culture精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載paraphrase: western. influences will overwhelm all non-western cultures、 making them lose their own unique characteristics、 so that in the end there will exist only one westernized or am

33、ericanized world or culture.translation:不管他們的背景和綱領(lǐng)如何、這些對(duì)全球化持反對(duì)態(tài)度的人深信西方的影響 往往等同于美國(guó)的影響 會(huì)把全部文化上的差異一一壓平、就像一位觀看家所說(shuō)的、最終產(chǎn)生一個(gè)麥當(dāng)勞世界、一個(gè)布滿美國(guó)貨和表達(dá)美國(guó)價(jià)值觀的世界；13. popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.suggesting that hollywood be burned. para. 5popular factions: 反映公眾心情 或得到公眾支持 的派別paraphrase:politi

34、calgroups withbroad popular support have come intobeing to takeadvantage of people s worries and uneasiness over foreign.” “ cultural assaultwhy does the author view“ xenophobia” and“ economic ambitionnde”ncaiesso.pposing texenophobia means hatred or fear of foreigners or foreign things. if xenophob

35、ia becamepredominant、 it could lead to movements to drive out foreigners and foreign goods as、 for example、 occurred during the boxers movement. economefiecrsamtobtihtioendesire torbuildchina into a strong、 industrializedcountry to improvethe livelihoodof the chinese people.this would mean being ope

36、n and welcomingto the outside world、and introducingforeign capital、 technology、 and goods.note:in china、 trends toward closed-door and open-door policies have struggled for dominance for a long time.suggesting that hollywood be burned:hollywoodstands foramericanfilms.this is a rhetorical device call

37、ed synecdoche.建議把進(jìn)口的好萊塢大片燒掉；14. those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work. para. 6museum: “ museum”h ere stands for ancient life or backwardness、 the kind of life you canonly find in museums now.showers that work: it stands for modern life with h

38、igh-tech gadgets.paraphrase:the chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.15. questions on paragraph 7:how does the author bring out the inconsistencies in the concept of westernization.first、 she compares the critics and the booste

39、rs. then she compares the inconsistencies within each group. the critics blast coke and hollywood but not organ transplants and computers、 indicating that their critique is selective. the boosters emphasize environmental protection but make no mention of cigarettes and automobiles、 indicatingthat th

40、ey deliberatelyoverlook精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載thosethingsthatbringdamagetohealthandtheenvironment.herconclusionis:westernization is neither a direct、 uninterrupted road to hell nor to paradise. in other words、 it is neither terribly bad nor extremely good.16. westernization、 i discovered over months

41、 of study and travel、 is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows. para. 7be shot through with: to have a lot of、 as if full of holes after a shotgun blast inconsistencies:not uniform、 including inharmonious or self-contradictory factors bedfellow: an a

42、ssociate、 ally、 confederate、 etc.paraphrase: after months of research and travel、 i found that westernization is a concept full of self- contradiction and held by people of very different background or views.17. yet they make no mention. disastrous effects. para. 7translation:然而他們不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面、譬如香

43、煙和汽車、就在進(jìn)展中世界急迫地接納這些東西時(shí)、它們已帶來(lái)很壞的后果；18. apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell、 or to paradise either.translation:很明顯 、西方化既不會(huì)直達(dá)地獄、也不為直通天堂；19. but i also discovered that cultures are as resourceful、 resilient、 and unpredictable as thepeople who compose them（.para.8 ）resourceful: able

44、to deal promptly and effectively with problems、 difficulties、 etc.resilient: recovering strength、 spirits、 good humor、 quickly; buoyanttranslation:不過(guò)我也發(fā)覺(jué)文化就如構(gòu)成文化的民族一樣、善于隨機(jī)應(yīng)變、富有彈性而且不行猜測(cè)；question: in what way are cultures resourceful、 resilient、 and unpredictable. how does the author prove this.the au

45、thor attempts to prove this by giving three examples.the first is hollywood high school in los angeles、 a city that many people consider a sourceof cultural degeneration. even in this city where hollywood is located、 you can still find a school in which thirty-two languages are spoken. this is a sig

46、n of cultural diversity. the second is how sesame street has been adapted in shanghai. sesame street is a popular american television show、 yet the chinese have been able to borrow the form and use it toteach chinese values and traditions. this again shows how resourceful and resilient cultures can

47、be.the thirdis mcdonald sinindia.thisexample shows onthe one hand that mcdonald sis clever in catering to indian demand、 on the other、 the resourcefulness andresilience of american and indian cultures. when such unexpected developments take place、 the author is justified in calling cultures unpredic

48、table.20. in los angeles、 the ostensible fountainhead of world cultural degradation. （ para. 8 ）translation:在洛杉磯 、世界文化墮落的明顯的源頭21. mcdonald sserves mutton instead of beef and offers a vegetarian menu acceptable to even the most orthodox hindu. （ para. 8 ）精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載translation:麥當(dāng)勞供應(yīng)的為羊肉而不

49、為牛肉、而且供應(yīng)一份素食的菜單、連最正統(tǒng)的印度教徒也能接受；question:why does mcdonald s serve mutton instead of beef in india.because the hindu religion regards the cow as sacred、 so beef can t be eaten.22. questions on paragraph 9:(1) why are teenagers so important.their number is huge and they have time and money to spend. so

50、 entertainment and goods are designed to cater to their taste.(2) why does the author consider teenagers one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.young people are the source of fashion and fashion knows no national boundaries. a fashion in one culture can easily be picked up by teenage

51、rs in other cultures. the spread of rap music is a case in point.23. the critical mass of teenagers（ para. 9 ）mass: a large numberteenager: a person between the ages of 13 and 19the fact that there is a large number of young people between the ages of 13 and 19 is decisive.24. hang out: slang to spe

52、nd much of one s time; frequent25. . who was the first teenager to put his baseball cap on backward. （ para. 9 ） translation: 為那個(gè)青少年帶頭把棒球帽帽檐朝后戴；26. . rap music、 which sprang from the inner-city ghettos、 began making bigmoney only when rebellious white teenagers started buying it. （ para. 9 ）rap musi

53、c: a style of black popular music with a pronounced beat to which words are recited rather than sung 說(shuō)唱樂(lè)white teenagers taking over black popular music is a phenomenon which began in the 1960s in the u.s. a number of white teenagers of well-to-do family backgrounds became alienated from middle-class

54、 values and conventions. they attempted to break away from such shackles in a counter-culture movement. rock music became a majorvehicle for the counter-culture attack on the status quo.27. they are called“ cool hunter” 、 . how（ipt awroar.k9s）.cool hunter: 獵酷者take sb. in hand: to control someone、 as

55、 to show him how to behave or act28. questions on paragraph 10:what sort of person is amanda freeman. why does she go to los angeles.amanda is 22 and she works for a consultant company、 youth intelligence、 which is located in精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載new york. she goes to los angeles to conduct surveys

56、 in order to predict trends. because of hollywood、los angeles is supposed to be a center of youth fashion .29. she has shoulder-lengthbrownhairandis wearingaknee-length brocade skirt. para.10translation:她留著披肩的棕發(fā)、穿著一條長(zhǎng)及膝蓋的織錦短裙；30. you don t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eyep. ara.10 cool:slang fashionable in the eyes of the youngparaphrase: in tryingto predict future trends、 you do not need to be fashionable yourself.note:“ to have the eye” is an idiom meaning to have a special intuitive knack or abil