【精品】不要在不斷的優(yōu)秀里走向平庸

1、不要在不斷的優(yōu)秀里走向平庸作者簡介:william deresiewicz is a contributing writer for the nation and a contributing e ditor at thenew republichis next book, a jane austen biucation, will be publish ed next year by penguinpress威廉德萊塞維茨(william deresiewicz)是國家雜志撰稿人和新共和朵志編 輯。他的新書簡奧斯汀教育明年將由企鵝出版社出版?！北疚氖峭畯匀R塞維茨(william deres

2、iewicz)在斯坦福大學(xué)的演講，標(biāo)題也叫：勇 氣掙脫身上的網(wǎng)。正文：the question my title poses, of course, is the one that is classically aimed at h umanitiesmajorswhat practical value could there possibly be in studying literature or art or philosophy?so you must be wondering whybothering to raise it her e, at stanford, this reno

3、wned citadel ofscienee and technology. what doubt can th ere be that the world will offer you many opportunitiesto use your degree?(學(xué)習(xí)文學(xué)、藝術(shù)或哲學(xué)能有什么用呢？所以你肯定納悶，我為什么在在以科技堡壘而 聞名的斯坦福提出這個(gè)問題呢？在人學(xué)學(xué)位給人帶來眾多機(jī)會(huì)的問題上還有什么可懷疑的 嗎？)but thafs not the question im asking. byhdoui dont mean a job, and byhth athi dont mean

4、your major. we are more than our jobs, and education is more th an a major. bducation is morethan college, more even than the totality of your for mal schooling，from kindergarten throughgraduate school. bymwhat are you going to do,” i mean, what kind of life are you going to lead?and by ”that,” i me

5、an ev erything in your training, formal and informal, that has brought you to besitting he re today, and ever yt hi ng youre going to be doing for the rest of the time that you re inschool.（但那不是我提出的問題。這里的“做”并不是指工作，“那”并不是指你的專業(yè)。我們 不僅僅是要個(gè)工作，教冇不僅僅是學(xué)一門專業(yè)。教冇也不僅僅是上大學(xué)，甚至也不僅是從幼 兒園到研究牛院的止規(guī)學(xué)校教育。我說的“你要做什么”的意思是你

6、要過什么樣的?；?？我 所說的“那”指的是你得到的止規(guī)或非止規(guī)的任何訓(xùn)練，那些把你送到這里來的東西，你在 學(xué)校的剩余時(shí)間里將要做的任何事。）we should start by talking about how you did, in fact, get hereyou got here by getting verygood at a certain set of skillsyour parents pushed you to excel fr om the time you were veryyoung. they sent you to good schools, where the

7、enco uragement of your teachers and theexample of your peers helped push you even harder. your natural aptitudes were nurtured sothat, in addition to excelling in all your subjects, you developed a number of specific interests thatyou cultivated with particular vigor. you did extracurricular activit

8、ies, went to afterschoolprograms, too k private lessonsyou spent summers doing advaneed courses at a local collegeor attending skill-specific camps and workshopsyou worked hard, you paid attention, and youtried your very best. and so you got very good at math, or piano, or lacr osse, or, in deed, se

9、veralthings at once.（我們不妨先來討論你是如何考入斯坦福的吧。你能進(jìn)入這所大學(xué)說明你在某些技能上 非常出色。你的父母在你很小的時(shí)候就鼓勵(lì)你追求卓越。他們送你到好為校，老師的鼓勵(lì)和 同伴的榜樣激勵(lì)你更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。除了在所有課程上都出類拔萃之外，你還注重修養(yǎng)的提高, 充滿熱情地培養(yǎng)了一些特殊興趣。你川兒個(gè)暑假在木地人學(xué)里預(yù)習(xí)人學(xué)課程，或參加專門 技能的夏令營或訓(xùn)練營。你學(xué)習(xí)刻苦、耕力集屮、全力以赴。所以，你在數(shù)學(xué)、鋼琴、曲棍 球等眾多方而都很出色。）now theres no thing wrong with masteri ng skills, with wanting to

10、 do your best and to be thebest. whafs wrong is what the system leaves out: which is to say, everything elsei dont meanthat by choosing to excel in math, say, you are failin g to develop your verbal abilities to theirfullest extent, or that in addition to focusi ng on geology, you should also focus

11、on politicalscienee, or that while youre learni ng the piano, you should also be working on the fluteit is thenature of specializa tion, after all, to be specialized. no, the problem with specialization is that itnarro ws your attention to the point where all you know about and all you want to know

12、about, and,indeed, all you can know about, is your specialty.（掌握這些技能當(dāng)然沒有錯(cuò)，全力以赴成為最優(yōu)秀的人也沒有錯(cuò)。錯(cuò)誤之處在于這個(gè)體 系遺漏的地方：即任何別的東西。我并不是說因?yàn)檫x擇鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，你在充分發(fā)展話語表達(dá)能 力的潛力方面就失敗了；也不是說除了集中精力學(xué)習(xí)地質(zhì)學(xué)z外，你還應(yīng)該研究政治學(xué)；也 不是說你在學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴時(shí)還應(yīng)該學(xué)吹笛子。畢竟，專業(yè)化的本質(zhì)就是耍專業(yè)性?？墒?，專業(yè) 化的問題在于它把你的注意力限制在一個(gè)點(diǎn)上，即你c經(jīng)知道和想知道的東西。其實(shí)，你能 知道的一切就是你的專業(yè)。）the problem with special

13、ization is that it makes you into a specialist .it cuts yo u off, not onlyfrom everything else in the world, but also from everything else in yourselfand of course, ascollege freshmen, your specialization is only just beginni ng. in the journey toward the successthat you all hope to achieve, you hav

14、e comp leted, by getting into stanford, only the first of manylegsthree more years of col lege, three or four or five years of law school or medical school ora ph.d. progra m, then residencies or postdocs or years as a junior associatein short, anever-na rrowing funnel of specialization. you go from

15、 being a political-scienee major to bein g alawyer to being a corporate attorney focusing on taxation issues in the consum er-productsindustry. you go from being a biochemistry major to being a doctor to being a cardiologist tobeing a cardiac surgeon who performs heart-valve replaceme nts.（專業(yè)化的問題是它讓

16、你成為專家，切斷你與世界上其他任何東西的聯(lián)系，不僅如此, 還切斷你與自身其他潛能的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)然，作為人一新生，你的專業(yè)才剛剛開始。在你走 向所渴累的成功之路的過程屮，進(jìn)入斯坦福是你踏上的眾多階梯屮的一個(gè)。再讀三年人學(xué), 三五年法學(xué)院或醫(yī)學(xué)院或博士，然后再干若干年住院實(shí)習(xí)生或博士后或助 理教授?？偠詚,進(jìn)入越來越狹窄的專業(yè)化軌道。你可能從政治學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)牛變成了律師或者公司代理人, 再變成專門研究消費(fèi)品領(lǐng)域的稅收問題的公司代理人。你從生物化學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)牛變成了博 ,再變成心臟病學(xué)家，再變成專門做心臟瓣膜移植的心臟病醫(yī)牛。）again，theres nothing wrong with being t

17、hose things. its just that, as you get deeper anddeeper into the funnel, into the tunnel, it becomes increasingly difficult to remember who youonce wereyou start to wonder what happened to that pers on who played piano and lacrosseand sat around with her friends having intense c onversations about l

18、ife and politics and all thethings she was learning in her classe s. the 19-year-old who could do so many things, and wasinterested in so many th ings, has become a 40-year-old who thinks about only one thingthafswhy older people are so boring. hey, my dads a smart guy, but all he talks about is mon

19、ey andlivers.h（再次，做這些事沒有任何錯(cuò)。只不過，亦你越來越深入地進(jìn)入這個(gè)軌道后，再記得 你最初的樣了就變得越來越閑難了。你開始懷念那個(gè)曾經(jīng)談鋼琴和打 dli 棍球的人，思考那個(gè) 曾經(jīng)和朋友熱烈討論人生和政治以及在課堂內(nèi)容的人在做什么。那個(gè)活潑能干的 19 歲年 輕人己經(jīng)變成了只想一件事的 40 歲中年人。難怪年長的人這么乏味無趣?！鞍?，我爸爸曾經(jīng) 是非常聰明的人，但他現(xiàn)在除了談?wù)撳X和肝肌外再無其他?！保゛nd theres another problemmaybe you never really wanted to be a cardiac s urge on inthe f

20、irst placeit just kind of happe ned. its easy, the way the system w orks, to simply go withthe flow. i dont mean the work is easy, but the choices ar e easy. or rather, the choices sort ofmake themselves. you go to a place like sta nford because thafs what smart kids do. you go tomedical school beca

21、use its pre stigious. you specialize in cardiology because its lucrative. youdo the things that r eap the rewards, that make your parents proud, and your teachers pleased,and yo ur friends impressed. from the time you started high school and maybe even junior high,your whole goal was to get into the

22、 best college you could, and so now you naturally think aboutyour life in terms of getting into1whatever next. getting i ntonis validation; getting into1isvictory. stanford, then johns hopkins medical sch ool, then a residency at the university of sanfrancisco, and so forth. or michiganlaw school, o

23、r goldman sachs, or me kinsey, or whatever. you take it one step at a time, andthe next step always seems to be in evitable（還有另外一個(gè)問題?；蛟S你從來沒有想過當(dāng)心臟病醫(yī)生，只是碰巧發(fā)生了而已。隨 大流最容易，這就是體制的力量。我不是說這個(gè)工作容易，而是說做出這種選擇很 容易。 或者，這些根木就不是口己做出的選擇。你來到斯坦福這樣的名牌大學(xué)是因?yàn)槁斆鞯暮⒆佣?這樣。你考入更學(xué)院是因?yàn)樗牡匚桓?，人人都羨慕。你選擇心臟病學(xué)是因?yàn)楫?dāng)心臟病 i 矢 牛的待遇很好。你做那些事能給

24、你帶來好處，讓你的父母感到驕傲，令你的老師感到高興， 也讓朋友們羨慕。從你上高中開始，其至初中開始，你的唯一目標(biāo)就是進(jìn)入最好的大學(xué)， 所以現(xiàn)在你會(huì)很口然地從“進(jìn)入下個(gè)階段”的角度看待人牛?！斑M(jìn)入”就是能力的證明，“進(jìn)入” 就是曲利。先進(jìn)入斯坦福，然后是約翰霍普金斯醫(yī)學(xué)院，再進(jìn)入 in 金山人學(xué)做實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生等?；蛘哌M(jìn)入密歇根法學(xué)院，或高盛集團(tuán)（goldman sachs）或麥肯錫公司（mckinsey）或別的 什么地方。你邊出了這一步，下一步似乎就必然在等著你。）or maybe you did always want to be a cardiac surgeon. you dreamed ab

25、out it from the timeyou were 10 years old, even though you had no idea what it really meant, and you stayed oncourse for the entire time you were in school. you refu sed to be enticed from your path by thatgreat experienee you had in ap history, o r that trip you took to costa rica the summer after

26、yourjunior year in college, or that terrific feeli ng you got taking care of kids when you did your rot at ion in pediat rics during your fourth year in medical school.（也許你確實(shí)想當(dāng)心臟病學(xué)家。十歲吋就夢想成為關(guān)生，即使你根木不知道醫(yī)生意味 著什么。你在上學(xué)期間全身心都在朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。你拒絕了上大學(xué)預(yù)修歷史課時(shí)的美妙 體驗(yàn)的誘惑，也無視你在醫(yī)學(xué)院第四年的兒科學(xué)輪流值班時(shí)照看孩子的可怕感受。）but either way,

27、either because you went with the flow or because you set your course veryearly, you wake up one day, maybe 20 years later, and you wonder what happened: how you gotthere, what it all means. not what it means in thehbig picture,11whatever that is, but what itmeans to you. why youre doing it, what it*

28、s all for. it sounds like a cliche, thishwaking up oneday,” but it*s called having a midlife crisis, and it happens to people all the time（但不管是什么，耍么因?yàn)槟汶S大流耍么因?yàn)槟阍缇瓦x定了道路，20 年后某天解來， 你或許會(huì)納悶到底發(fā)生了什么：你怎么變成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子，這一切意味著什么。不是它是 什么，不在于它是否“大畫血”而是它對你意味著什么。你為什么做它，到底為了什么。這聽 起來像老牛常談，但這個(gè)被稱為中年危機(jī)的“有一天醒來”一直就發(fā)生在每個(gè)人身上。）t

29、here is an alternative, however, and it may be one that has nt occurred to yo u. let me tryto explain it by telling you a story about one of your peers, and the alter native that hadn*toccurred to her. a couple of years ago, i participated in a panel discussion at harvard that dealtwith some of thes

30、e same matters, and afterw ard i was con t acted by one of the stude nts whohad come to the eve nt, a young woma n who was writing her senior thesis about harvard itself,how it in stills in its students what she called self-efficacy, the sense that you can do anything youwant. self-efficacy, or, in

31、more familiar terms, self-esteemthere are some kids, she said, whoget an a on a test and say,hl got it because it was easy.” and there are ot her kids, the kind withself-efficacy or self-esteem, who get an a on a test and say,111 got it because pm smart.n(不過，還有另外一種情況，或許中年危機(jī)并不會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上。讓我通過告訴你們一 個(gè)同伴的故事

32、來解釋我的意思吧，即她沒有遭遇的情況。兒年前，我在哈佛參加了一次小 組討論會(huì)，談到這些問題。后來參加這次討論的一個(gè)學(xué)牛給我聯(lián)系，這個(gè)哈佛學(xué)牛正在寫 有關(guān)哈佛的畢業(yè)論文，討論哈佛是如何給學(xué)生灌輸她所說的“自我效能”(self-efficacy), 一 種相信自己能做一切的意識(shí)?？谖倚芑蚋煜さ恼f法自我尊重她說在考試中得了優(yōu)秀 的有些學(xué)牛會(huì)說“我得優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)樵囶}很簡單?！?again, theres nothing wrong with thinking that you got an a because youre s martbutwhat that harvard student didn

33、t realizeand it was really quite a shock to her when i suggesteditis that there is a third alter native. true self-esteem, i proposed, means not caring whetheryou get an a in the first place. true self-estee m means recognizing, despite everything that yourupbringing has trained you to be lieve abou

34、t yourself, that the grades you getnd the awards,and the test scores, and the trophies, and the acceptance lettersare not what defines who youare.(但另外一些學(xué)牛，那種具有口我效能感或口我尊重的學(xué)牛在考 試中得了優(yōu)秀后會(huì)說 “我得優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)槲衣斆??！痹俅?，認(rèn)為得了優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)樽约郝斆鞯南敕ú]有任何錯(cuò)，不 過，哈佛學(xué)牛沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到的是他們沒有第三種選擇。當(dāng)我指出這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，她十分震驚。我指 lib 真正的白尊意味著最初根木就不在乎成績是否優(yōu)秀。真正的白尊意

35、味著承認(rèn)你取得的成 績，雖然你在成長過程屮的一切都在訓(xùn)練你相信自己，但獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、成績、獎(jiǎng)品、錄取通知書 等所有這一切都不能來定義你是誰。)she also claimed, this young woman, that harvard students take their sense of self-efficacyout into the world and become, as she put it, innovative.1but when i asked her what she meantby innovative, the only example she could come up

36、 wi th washbeing ceo of a fortune 500.11thafs not innovative, i told her, thats just successful, and successful according to a very narrowdefinition of successtrue inn ovation means using your imagination, exercising the capacity toenvision new possi bilities.(她還說，這個(gè)年輕的女孩子說哈佛學(xué)牛把他們的口我效能帶到了世界上，如她所說的 “

37、創(chuàng)新” (innovative)0但當(dāng)我問她“創(chuàng)新”意味著什么時(shí)，她能夠想到的唯一例子不過是“世 界大公司五 tt 強(qiáng)的首席執(zhí)行官?！蔽腋嬖V她這不是創(chuàng)新，這只是成功，而且是根據(jù)非常狹隘 的成功定義而認(rèn)定的成功而已。真正的創(chuàng)新意味著使用你的想象力，發(fā)揮你的潛力，創(chuàng)造 新的可能性。)but pm not here to talk about tech no logical inn ovation, im here to talk about a differentkind. its not about inventing a new machine or a new drugits about i

38、 nventing your own lifenot following a path, but making your own paththe kind of imagination im talking about ismoral imagination. ”moral” meaning not right or wrong, but having to do with making choicesmoral imagination means the capacity to envision new ways to live your life.(但這里我并不是在談?wù)摷夹g(shù)創(chuàng)新，不是發(fā)明新

39、機(jī)器或者制造一種新藥，我談?wù)摰氖?另外 i種創(chuàng)新，是創(chuàng)造你白己的生活。不是走現(xiàn)成的道路而是創(chuàng)造一條屬于自己的道路。我 談?wù)摰南胂罅κ堑赖孪胂罅??！暗赖隆痹谶@里不是對與錯(cuò)，而是與選擇有關(guān)。道德想象力意 味著創(chuàng)造自己新牛的能力。)it means not just going with the flow. it means not just getting into” what eve r school orprogram comes next. it means figuring out what you want for yourself, not what your parents want

40、,or your peers want, or your school wants, or your so ciety wants. originating your own valuesthinking your way toward your own defini tion of successnot simply accepting the life thatyouve been handednot simply accepting the choices youve been handedwhen you walkinto starbucks, yoitre of fered a ch

41、oice among a latte and a macchiato and an espresso and afew other thi ngs, but you can also make another choiceyou can turn around and walk out. when you walk into college, you are offered a choice among law and medicine and in vestment banking and con suiting and a few other things, but again, you

42、can also d o something else, somethingthat no one has thought of before.(它意味著不隨波逐流，不是下一步要“進(jìn)入”什么名牌大學(xué)或研究牛院。而是要弄清楚 口己到底想耍 什么，而不是父母、同伴、學(xué)校、或社會(huì)想要什么。即確認(rèn)你口己的價(jià)值觀, 思考邊向自己所定義的成功的道路，而不僅僅是接受別人給你的生活，不僅僅是接受別人 給你的選擇。當(dāng)今走進(jìn)星巴克咖啡館，服務(wù)員吋能讓你在牛奶咖啡(latte)、加糖咖啡(m acchiato).特制咖啡(espresso)等兒樣?xùn)| 西之間做出選擇。但你可以做出另外的選擇， 你可以轉(zhuǎn)身走出去。當(dāng)你進(jìn)

43、入人學(xué)，人家給你眾多選擇，或法律或醫(yī)學(xué)或投資銀行和咨詢以 及其他，但你同樣也可以做其他事，做從前根本沒有人想過的事。)let me give you another counterexamplei wrote an essay a couple of years a go thattouched on some of these same points. i said, among other things, that ki ds at places like yale orstanford tend to play it safe and go for the conventional r

44、ewardsand one of the most commoncriticisms i got went like this: what about t each for america? lots of kids from elite colleges goand do tfa after they gradua te, so therefore i was wrong. tfa, tfai heard that over and overagain. and te ach for america is undoubtedly a very good thing. but to cite

45、tfa in response tomy argument is precisely to miss the point, and to miss it in a way that actually c on firms what imsayi ng. the problem with tfaor rather, the problem with the w ay that tfa has becomeincorporated into the systemis that its just become anot her thing to get into.(讓我再舉一個(gè)反面的例子。幾年前我寫

46、過一篇涉及同類問題的文章。我說，那些在耶 魯和斯坦福這類名校的孩子往往比較謹(jǐn)慎，去追求一些穩(wěn)妥的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。我得到的最常見的批 評是：教育項(xiàng)目“為美國而教”(teach for america)如何？從名校出來的很多學(xué)生畢業(yè)后 很多參為這個(gè)教育項(xiàng) 1=1,因此我的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。我一再聽到 tfa 這個(gè)術(shù)語?！盀槊绹獭?當(dāng)然是好東西，但引用這個(gè)項(xiàng)目來反駁我的觀點(diǎn)恰恰是不得要領(lǐng)， 實(shí)際上正好證明了我想 說的東西。 “為美國而教”的問題或者“為美國而教”己經(jīng)成為體系一部分的問題是它已經(jīng)成 為另外一個(gè)需要“跡入”的門檻。)in terms of its content, teach for americ

47、a is completely different from goldman sachs ormckinsey or harvard medical school or berkeley law, but in terms of its place within thestructure of elite expect at i ons, of elite choices, it is exactly the sa me. its prestigious, its hard toget into, its something that you and your parents can brag

48、 about, it looks good on your resume,and most important, it represents a clearly marked path. you don*t have to make it up yourself,you don*t have to do any thing but apply and do the work just like college or law school ormckin sey or whatever. its the stanford or harvard of social engagement. its

49、another hurdle, another badgeit requires aptitude and diligence, but it does not require a single ou nee of moralimagination.（從其內(nèi)容來看，“為美國而教”完全不同于高盛或者麥肯錫公司或哈佛更學(xué)院或者伯克利法學(xué)院，但從它在精英期待的體系中的地位來說，完全是一樣的。它亨有盛名，很難進(jìn) 入，是值得你和父母夸耀的東匹f,如果寫在簡歷上會(huì)很光彩，最重耍的是，它代表了清晰 標(biāo)記的道路。你根本不用口己創(chuàng)造，什么都不用做，只需巾請然后按要求做就行了，就像上 大學(xué)或法學(xué)院或麥肯錫公司或別

50、的什么。它是社會(huì)參與方血的斯坦?；蚬?，是另一個(gè)柵 欄，另一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。該?xiàng)目需要能力和勤奮，但不需要一丁點(diǎn)兒的道徳想象力。）moral imagination is hard, and its hard in a completely different way than the hard thingsyoure used to doing. and not only that, its not enough. if youre goin g to invent your own life, ifyoure going to be truly autonomous, you also need

51、co urage: moral couragethe courage to acton your values in the face of what every ones going to say and do to try to make you change yourmind. because theyre not going to like it. morally courageous individuals tend to make thepeople around them very uncomfortable. they dont fit in with everybody el

52、ses ideas about theway the world is supposed to work, and still worse, they make them feel insecure about thechoices that they themselves have madeor failed to makepeople dont mind being in prisonas long as no one else is freebut stage a jailbreak, and ev erybody else freaks out（道徳想象力是困難的，這種困難與你己經(jīng)習(xí)慣

53、的困難完全不同。不僅如此，光有道 徳想象力還不夠。如果你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造自己的生活，如果你想成為真正的獨(dú)立思想者，你還需要勇 氣：道德勇氣。不管別人說什么，有按口己的價(jià)值觀行動(dòng)的勇氣，不會(huì)因?yàn)閯e人不喜歡而 試圖改變自己的想法。具有道徳勇氣的個(gè)人往往讓周圍的人感到不舒服。他們和其他人対世 界的看法格格不入，更糟糕的是， 讓別人對自己已經(jīng)做出的選擇感到不安全或無法做出選 擇。 只要?jiǎng)e人也不亭受自由，人們就不在乎白己被關(guān)進(jìn)臨獄?？梢豢谟腥嗽姜z，其他人都會(huì) 跟著跑出去。）in a portrait of the artist as a young man, james joyce has stephen ded

54、alus f amously say,about growing up in ireland in the late 19th century, ”when the soul of a man is born in thiscountry there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flig htyou talk to me of nationality, language,religion. i shall try to fly by those nets, t(在青年藝術(shù)家的肖像中，膺姆斯喬伊斯(james joyce)讓主人公斯蒂芬迪

55、達(dá)勒斯(stephen dedalus)就 19 世紀(jì)末期的愛爾蘭的成長環(huán)境說出了如下名言“當(dāng)一個(gè)人的靈魂誕生在這個(gè)國家吋，有一張大網(wǎng)把它罩住，防止它飛翔。你會(huì)給我談?wù)撁褡?性、語 言和宗教。我想沖出這些牢籠?！保﹖oday there are other nets. one of those nets is a term that ive heard again and again asive talked with students about these things. that term ismself-indulge nt.nisn*t it self-indulgentto try

56、 to live the life of the mind when there are so ma ny other things i could be doing with mydegree?1 hwouldrtt it be self-indulgent to pursue painting after i graduate instead of getting a realjob?1（今天，我們而臨的是其他的網(wǎng)。其中z是我在就這些問題與學(xué)生交流吋經(jīng)常聽到的 i個(gè)術(shù)語“白我放任”?！霸诠プx學(xué)位過程中有這么多事要做的吋候，試圖按照自己的感覺生 活難道不是自我放任嗎？ ”“畢業(yè)后不去找個(gè)真正

57、的工作而去畫畫難道不是自我放任嗎？ ”）these are the kinds of questions that young people find themselves being aske d today ifthey even think about doing something a little bit different. even worse, the kinds of questionsthey are made to feel compelled to ask themselvesmany st udents have spoken to me, as theynaviga

58、ted their senior years, about the pressure they felt from their peersfrom their peerstojustify a creative or intellectual lifeyoure made to feel like youre crazy: crazy to forsake thesure thing crazy to thi nk it could work, crazy to imagine that you even have a right to try.（這些是年輕人只要思考一下稍稍出格的事就不山自主

59、地質(zhì)問自c的問題。更糟糕的是，他們覺得捉出這些問題是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?。許多學(xué)牛在畢業(yè)前夕的未來探索中跟我 說，他們感 受到來口同伴那里的壓力，需要為創(chuàng)造性的?；罨蛩枷肱；钷q護(hù)。好像口己已經(jīng)走火入魔了 似的：拋棄確定無疑的東西是瘋了，認(rèn)為思想生活可行是瘋了，想象你有權(quán)嘗試是瘋了。）think of what we*ve come to. it is one of the great testaments to the intellect uala nd moral,and spiritualpoverty of american society that it makes its most int e

60、lligent young people feel likethey1re being self-indulgent if they pursue their curios ityyou are all told that youre supposedto go to college, but youre also told that youre being ”self-indulgent” if you actually want to get aneducation. or even wor se, give yourself one. as opposed to what? going