《【中考命題研究】河北省2020中考英語 語法專題突破 專題五 介詞和介詞短語（無答案） 人教新目標(biāo)版》

1、專題五介詞和介詞短語河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢考綱要求介詞和介詞短語考查點年份題號考查角度選項設(shè)置分值介詞辨析202028時間介詞in/on/to/by1分202049with表方式above/with/under/for1分固定搭配202028固定搭配at/as/for/with1分202028固定搭配in/at/on/for1分202054介詞短語at last/at most/at_first/at least1分202029固定搭配off/from/of/for1分53介詞短語on the front/on the back/on the left/on_the_right1分介詞是河

2、北中考單項選擇的必考點，主要考查介詞的固定搭配，如：write with(用寫)，at age數(shù)字(在歲時)，be different from(不同于)。同時也注重on的基本用法，如：on表時間、方位、方向等，同時涉及on與其他介詞的辨析，如in，at，for，to，by，of等。設(shè)題形式多為簡單句，以兩個分句居多，詞數(shù)為912。另外，完形填空中也會涉及介詞或介詞短語的辨析，如：with表伴隨，from表來源，like表列舉，同時涉及其他介詞的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of等。此外，也涉及到了介詞的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右邊)，think abou

3、t(考慮)等。預(yù)計2020年河北中考的單項選擇仍會與2020保持一致，對介詞考查不會有太大變化。河北中考重難點突破介詞【考點搶測】()1.maybe you should call him up.but i don't want to talk with him _ the phone.aon bat cin dwith()2.in america，people start celebrating the new year _ december 31st.ain bat con dfor()3.lisa was born on may 1st，and my birthday is al

4、so _ that month.aover bin con dat()4.(2020張家口9中模擬)most of my classmates go to school _ bike.aat bby con din()5._ the book，the teacher comes into the classroom.awith bat con din()6.before the bridge was built _ the river，the villagers had to take a boat to the other sideainbbesidecacrossdalong【滿分點撥】一

5、、時間介詞的辨析和用法1in，on，at介詞用法舉例at時間的某一時刻，即：具體的“點”。at half past ten在十點半at one o'clock在一點某個節(jié)日期間(不僅僅是當(dāng)天)。at christmas在圣誕節(jié)at the spring festival在春節(jié)習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配。at last在最后at first起初at lunch在午飯時間at noon在中午at night在晚上at the age of在歲時at the end of在最后on表示具體的某日(月份或星期)。on september 1st 在9月1號on mondays/weekdays在星期一

6、/工作日表示某個特定的上午、下午、晚上。on saturday morning/after­noon在周六早上/下午；on a cold morning在一個寒冷的早晨具體(限定)的日子或節(jié)日的當(dāng)天。on national day在國慶節(jié)on christmas day在圣誕節(jié)in較長的一段時間(如：世紀(jì)、年代、季節(jié)、月份等)。in the 21century在21世紀(jì)in2020在2020年in summer在夏季in july of 2020在2020年7月泛指在上下午、傍晚、白天等。in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天

7、習(xí)慣搭配。in the future在將來in the end最后in class在課堂上in a minute一分鐘后口訣記憶年月周前要用in，具體日子卻不行；遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又用in；要說某日上下午，用on替換in才行；午夜黃昏和黎明，只用at不用in，at也在時分前。2in，after，before介詞用法舉例in“in時間段”表示“(將來)以后”。they will finish the work in an hour.他們一個小時后將完成工作。after與將來時連用表示“之后”，后接時間點。he'll come back after two o'clock.

8、他兩點后將回來。與過去時連用表示“之后”，后接時間段。he got back from the us after two weeks.兩周后他從美國返回了。before表示“在之前”。wash hands before dinner.飯前要洗手。二、地點、方位介詞的辨析和用法1at，on，in介詞用法例句at用于較小的場所前(如：建筑物，公共機(jī)關(guān)等)。at home在家at the station在車站用于門牌號碼前。at 403 avenue street在403林蔭街道in用于較大的地方前(如：國家、城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、地域等)。in the city在城市in guilin在桂林in china

9、在中國在周圍的環(huán)境是立體的地方(即：)。in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里用于某些習(xí)語中。in the sky在天空上in space在空間on與表面相接觸(即：)。on the floor在地板上在任何廣闊的面上。on the farm/moon在農(nóng)場/在月亮上2.over，above，under，below介詞用法圖示例句over“在正上方”，表示兩者不接觸。we can build a bridge over the river.我們可以在河上建一座橋。under“在正下方”，表示兩者不接觸。my cat is lying under the chai

10、r.我的貓正躺在椅子下面。above“在的上方”，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直。the plane is flying above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。below“在的下方”，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直。the coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣蓋過膝蓋。三、方式、手段或工具介詞的辨析和用法介詞用法例句with后跟具體的工具，與后面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，指“借助于，用”，后面跟人稱代詞時表示“和一起”，表示伴隨狀況，在句中做狀語。此外，with還可以表示“帶有，具有”。i often do my h­ome work with a

11、 pen.我經(jīng)常用鋼筆寫家庭作業(yè)。in表示使用某種語言，用墨水、顏色、顏料等原料，在名詞前不加冠詞。can you say it in english？你能用英語說嗎？please write it in ink.請用墨水把它寫下來。by表示某種方式或手段，在名詞前不加冠詞。this pair of shoes is made by hand.這雙鞋是手工制作的。on表示借助、通過某一器械、機(jī)器，在名詞前一般加冠詞the。i could do all my work on the co­mputer.我能在電腦上完成所有的工作。四、其他常見介詞的用法1over“遍及；超過”如：the

12、re are over two hundred people in the park.公園里有兩百多人。my friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。2against“反對”如：we will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我們跟他們比賽。3into“在里”如：mr.white came into the classroom with a smile.懷特先生面帶笑容走進(jìn)教室。4from“從”如：we go to school from monday to friday.我們從星期一到星期五上學(xué)。5for“為，給”如：m

13、other bought a pen for me.媽媽給我買了一支鋼筆。6of“的”如：a map of china一幅中國地圖7without“沒有”如：he often goes to work without breakfast.他經(jīng)常不吃早餐就去上班。8to“給，對，到，往”如：go to school上學(xué)；give a kite to me把風(fēng)箏給我；from here to the park從這里到公園介詞短語【考點搶測】()1.welcome to our school，ladies and gentlemen._ start with，i'd like to intr

14、oduce myself.atobatcwithdon()2.the man tried several times to start the car，and he succeeded _ the end.aat bin con dby()3.david suddenly felt nervous._ all，it was his first time to go on stage.aat bafter cby din()4.the charity provides homeless people _ food and clothes.awith bfor cas dto()5.hearing

15、 from this good news，her eyes are filled _ tears.aon bat cwith din()6.the coat is made _ animal's fur.that is cruel.aof bfor cfrom din【滿分點撥】介詞名詞at home在家里；at school在學(xué)校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time同時；at times有時；at breakfast早餐時；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after

16、 a while過了一會by bus乘公共汽車；by the way順便說；by the time到時候；by turns輪流；by mistake錯誤地；by the door在門口in hospital住院；in the hospital在醫(yī)院；in the end最后；in order整整齊齊；in order to以便；in no time很快就；in the daytime在白天；in turn輪流；in time及時；in front在前方；in english用英語；in the future將來的某個時刻；in future(整個)將來；in fact事實上on the way

17、在路上；on sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陳列；on fire著火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飛機(jī))上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)電話；on time準(zhǔn)時；on the left/right在左邊/右邊；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上with pleasure很樂意；with one's help在某人的幫助下be形容詞介詞be amazed at對感到驚訝；

18、be angry with生(某人的)氣；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做；be good at擅長于；be full of充滿be excited about對感到興奮；be kind to對和善；be interested in對感興趣be famous for因而著名；be late for遲到；be popular with受歡迎be pleased with對感到滿意；be proud of對感到驕傲；be ready for為準(zhǔn)備好；be satisfied with對滿意；be worried about為擔(dān)心動詞介詞agree with同意；ask

19、for請求；begin with以開始；come from出生，來自；call at探訪die of死于；get on/off上車/下車；fillwith用裝；fall off從落下hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of聽說；look at看；go to bed去睡覺；go to school去上學(xué)；look for尋找；look after照顧listen to聽講話；pay for付錢；point to指向；point at指著；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about談?wù)?；think about考慮；wait for等候；write to寫信給

20、；worry about擔(dān)心laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在后面；knock at敲介詞名詞介詞at the foot of在腳下；on the top of在頂端；in the middle of在中間；in the front of在前面；in the east of在東部by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到為止；at the age of在歲時；at the head of在前頭河北中考考點精練()1.(2020南京中考)in the picture，the chair is_ the table.aunde

21、r bon cabove dbeside()2.(2020重慶中考a卷)a terrible earthquake happened in nepal _ april 25th，2020.aon bin cat dfrom()3.(2020濰坊中考)you must be careful when you swim_ the lake.aacross bbelowcover dthrough()4.(2020安徽中考)the dragon boat festival this year will come _ four days.aafter bfor cduring din()5.(2020

22、連云港中考)it is great_ us to get so many favorite books on international children's book day.atobwithcofdfor()6.(2020臨沂中考)for many western people，they drink cold water even_ winter.aon bfor cat din()7.(2020資陽中考)when i got into the room，green was talking _ the phone.aonbwithctodin()8.(2020保定8中模擬)this

23、 photo reminded the old man _ the days when he was young.awithbforcbydof()9.(2020宜昌中考)many teenagers put mobile gaming _ other things and spend too much time on it.that's really bad.aup to bas forcahead of dalong with()10.(2020撫順中考)it's impolite for a guest to leave_ saying goodbye.awith bwi

24、thoutcafter dfor()11.(2020石家莊20中模擬)the traffic accident happened _ saturday. luckily，no one was hurt.aat bin con dfor()12.(2020衡水三模)kamin sat on the side of the river cooking a meal，_ a bird on his head.afrom binto cabout dwith()13.(2020保定二模)the bird's singing came into our room _ the window and w