新目標英語七年級上冊名詞冠詞代詞等總結(jié)與練習題(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上遠輝教育七年級英語秋季班 第八講 -名詞、冠詞、介詞、代詞及動詞的語法授課人：Miss Yuan 學(xué)生： Tel:一、 初一英語語法專項1 名詞。名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1.可數(shù)名詞 單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)法則規(guī)律例子1一般情況下在名詞后面直接+s，s在濁輔音后面讀z，在清輔音后面讀s。bookbooks dogdogs daydays tree trees American- Americans2以s、x、ch、sh等結(jié)尾的單詞+es,讀izclass-_ watch-_box- _dish-_ 3以o結(jié)尾的詞有生命的+es，讀z。 口訣：黑人請英雄吃土豆、番茄和芒果；無

2、生命的+s，讀z。有生命：negro-_hero-_；potato-_tomato-_mango-_ 無生命：photo-_ 4以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f、fe為v+es，讀iz。個別以f結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加s，讀s。wife-wives(妻子); knife-knives（小刀）; wolf-wolves（狼）; thief-thieves（小偷）; shelf-shelves (架子)；life-lives（生命、生活）;leaf-leaves（樹葉）。 gulf-gulfs (海岸)；roof (屋頂); chief (首領(lǐng))；serf (農(nóng)奴); 5以y 結(jié)尾的，如果y前面是輔音，把y

3、改為i，再加-es，讀iz；如果y前面是元音，直接加s，讀z。輔音加y：_ baby - babies 元音加y：_6有些名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式Am/is-_ man-men woman-_ tooth-teeth（牙齒） foot-_ mousemice 老鼠 childchildren 7有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheep_sheep _ _Chinese_Chinese_ 【練一練】1.寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。leaf_fly_ fox_ bus_   bench_dish_ruler_peach_ glass_ pencil_

4、 boy_ man_ roof_ sheep_  key_ story_ 1. These are his _(parent).3. His father _(be) a teacher.4. My friends _(be) students.1>There are so many_(wolf)in the forest. 2>There are three _(chair) in the classroom. 3>These_(tomato)are red.   4>_(her

5、o) are great. 5>My brother looks after two_(baby) 6>There are some _(deer) eating the grass. 7>My father likes to eat _(potato). 8>Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles . 9>I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom. 10>I have two _(pencil-box).   2、不可數(shù)名詞1). 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)，當它作句子的主語時，

6、謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鮮。2). 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但他們的意義往往發(fā)生變化。如：water （水） waters （水域）orange （橘汁） oranges （橘子）3). 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時為不可數(shù)，表示種類時就可數(shù)，但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。如：fruit fruits food foods sport-sports4) 可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如：two apples, four books等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用"單位詞+of"來表示數(shù)量。如： a piec

7、e of paper, three pieces of paper, a glasses of water等。3.名詞所有格1）單數(shù)名詞后直接加 s ： Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的媽媽 2）以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加 Teachers Day教師節(jié) the twinsbooks雙胞胎的書 3）表示兩者共同擁有時，只在最后一個名詞后加 s Lucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個媽媽) 4）表示兩者各自擁有時，要在每個名詞后加s Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凱特的房間（各自的房間，兩間房子）4.【診斷評

8、價】1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photo D. is photos2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book. A. an

9、B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread1. Today is September 10th. It's _ Day.A. Teacher B. Teacher'sC. Teachers' D. Teacher' 2. It's June 1st, it's _ Day. A. Childrens B. Children'sC. Children

10、s' D. Childrens's 3. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctor'sC. doctors' D. doctor'4. Where is Mr. Zhang?He is in the _ . A. teacher's reading roomB. teachers' reading roomC. teacher reading roomD. teachers reading room 5. This is _ ball. It's

11、not _ . A. the boy's, girl'sB. the boy's, the girl'sC. the boy, the girlD. boys', girls 二、初一英語語法專項2 冠詞1、分類冠詞可分為不定冠詞（a/an）、定冠詞（the）和零冠詞（不用冠詞）。2、用法1）.不定冠詞（a/an）不定冠詞a (an)表示的意思是“一個”。a用于輔音音素開頭的詞前；而an則用于元音音素開頭的詞前。例如：The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana.（1）用于

12、可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate.（2）第一次提到某人或某物。 This is an English-Chinese dictionary.（3） 在一些固定搭配中 a set of 你學(xué)會了嗎？咱們來練習一下吧！1._bike is very useful in the countryside.2.There is _car in the yard.2）. 定冠詞（the）放在名詞前，表示特定的事物或人。（1） 第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠詞the Look! There is a ball under the table. T

13、he ball is mine.（2） 用于指說話雙方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window?（3）放在序數(shù)詞前。 Monday is the second day of the week.（4） 表示世上獨一無二的事物。 The earth goes around the sun.（5） 演奏某項樂器時，樂器前需加the。如： play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin（6） 在一些固定搭配中。如：in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午in the eve

14、ning 在晚上 3）.零冠詞用法(1)在季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、日期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； It is very cold in winter in Beijing.(2）在一日三餐、表示球類運動名詞前不用冠詞。 After we have lunch, we will play football.（3）在固定搭配中,名詞前不需要用冠詞。如： at school 在學(xué)校 go to bed睡覺 hand in hand 手拉手3.【診斷評價】 1. He often has _ egg and some milk for breakfast.A. / B. a C. the D.

15、an2. -Whats the trouble with Lingling? -She doesnt go to_ school and stay in _bed now.A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a3. -Do you have _ dictionary? -No, but Lucy has _ new dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a4. _ earth is round.A. A B. An C. The D. /6. I hope you ha

16、ve _ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. _ Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. /8. There is _ orange and some pineapples in the basket.A. the B. / C. a D. an9. Lisa has _ hat. _ hat is very beautiful.A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; /10. Im watching_ movie. It is about_ int

17、eresting love story.A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an三、初一英語語法專項3 介詞。介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨立充當成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或相當于名詞的其它詞類或短語活從句前。1. In 1） Whats this in English?2） My sister and I are in the same school.3） Jack and Mary are in the same class.4） She is in No. 37 Middle School.5） I am in Class Seven, Grade Se

18、ven.6） Her mother is in England, but her father is in Chengdu, China.7） In the first picture/in the next picture8） My pencil is in the desk.2. At 在. 加電話號碼或郵件地址1) Please call Jack/me/us at 123-45672) Please email Helen/me/him at .3) My father is at home, he isnt at school.3. Of 屬于.1) Here is a nice p

19、hoto of my family.2) There is a map of China.4. For 為了. 至于.1) Thanks/Thank you for your pencil.2) Ask our teacher for your computer games.3) For lunch, I like rice.5. On 在.之上1) Where is my bag? It is on the bed2) I only watch football games on TV.6. Under 在.之下1) Where are my books? They are under th

20、e chair.7. With 和.一起，帶有.1）I often play football with my friends.8. about 關(guān)于. 1) How about this apple？ 2) What about that apple? 3)Ask you about your sports collection.9.【診斷評價】（見附頁）四、初一英語語法專項4代詞。 代替名詞及起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。1 .人稱代詞: 人稱代詞是用來指代人、動物或事物的代詞?！菊f明】：人稱代詞在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語。人稱代詞在動詞、be動詞之后常用賓格.Eg. Who is it?

21、 -Its me. Call him at 10085. 1.  _am Maggie.     2.  _ is Lily. 3. _ is Jack.4.  _are boys. 5. _ are smart. 6.  _ are students.7.  _ is a desk. 8.  This _ is a desk. 2 .物主代詞： 【說明】：1）、形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語修飾名詞，一般不單獨使用。2）、名詞

22、性物主代詞常用來避免和前面提及的名詞重復(fù)。相當于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。 my book=mine her sister= hers3）、名詞性物主代詞可用在of后面作定語，相當于“of+名詞所有格”，表示帶有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。如： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一個朋友。 He is a friend of Jacks.【練一練】( )1 .This is ruler .(北京西城區(qū))A .myB .mineC .ID .me( )2 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of .(

23、黑龍江)A .herB .hersC .theirD .theirs( )3 .Is this dictionary or ? Its mine .(內(nèi)蒙古)A .your ;hersB .yours ;herC .your ;herD .yours ;hers( )4 .Can I borrow pencil ? is broken .(河北)A .you ;MyB .your ;MeC .your ;MineD .your ;My( )5 .These are cups . are over there .(河南)A .our ;YoursB .yours ;MineC .his ;Our

24、D .their ;Your( )6 . schoolbag is much better than .(山西)A .Her ;meB .Hers ;myC .Hers ;mineD .Her ;mine( )7 .Kate has lost key . asks for help .(山西)A .her ,He ,IB .his ,He ,meC .his ,She ,ID .her ,She ,me( )8 .This isnt pen ,I think its .(湖南)A .my ;hersB .his ;herC .my ;yourD .mine ;his3. 指示代詞: this

25、that these those指示代詞是表示“那個”、“這個”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。在句中可以作主語、賓語、主語補語、介詞賓語等。 如：This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。I like this better than that. 比起那個我更喜歡這個。My point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。（

26、 ）1. _ pen is red. _ pencil is green. A. this, that   B. These, Those   C. That, Those   D. This, That （  ）2. Is _ a panda over there? 

27、A. this    B. that    C. those  D. these （  ）3. _two boys are Mr. Greens sons. A. This    B. These  C. That   D. those（  ）4. _ two

28、 girls are Mary and Linda. A. This    B. They    C. That   D. Those 1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its )3. What day is _ today? _ is

29、Thursday. (its)4. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I )5. These new houses are so nice. _ are very expensive.( them )4.疑問代詞：what ？ Who?What color is the pen？ What is your name? Who is this boy?五、初一英語語法專項5 動詞1.只有主語在第三人稱單數(shù)時用動詞的“三單形式”，其他人稱用動詞原形。 動詞三單形式的變化規(guī)則：1)規(guī)則變化多數(shù)直接在動詞詞尾加-s. play plays like likes ask-asks work-works get-gets 以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes do-does go-goes 以“輔音字母加 - y”結(jié)尾的動詞，要先變y為i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies 以“元音字母加-y”結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-s : play-plays