保護臭氧層ppt課件

1、保護臭氧層OZONE LAYER PROTECTION臭氣層 OZONE LAYER4在離地面15至35 公里的平流層內(nèi)，由臭氧氣體構(gòu)成的一道屏障4A shield of ozone gas in the stratosphere between 15 to 35 km4它能吸收紫外光的輻射，因此可阻擋來自太陽有害光線的滲透4 It absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation, thus inhibiting penetration of harmful UV rays from the sun4一九七五年，科學家己測到每年春季，南極洲上空豐厚的臭氧層呈現(xiàn)急劇轉(zhuǎn)薄的現(xiàn)

2、象 4In 1975, scientists have detected a severe drop in ozone abundance in the 4layer over Antarctica each springNoImage臭氣層 OZONE LAYER4一九八七年， 發(fā)現(xiàn)南極洲上空的臭氧層消逝了一半，出現(xiàn)一個大缺口，面積相等於美國總面積的兩倍 4In 1987, half of Antarcticas ozone was found to have disappeared over a region twice the size of US, creating an enormo

3、us “hole in the ozone layer4當?shù)厍蛲獗碓獾礁嘧贤夤獾妮椛鋾r：4 With more UV radiation reaching the earths surface :4皮膚癌、白內(nèi)障等發(fā)病率添加，人體免疫系統(tǒng)受損4Increased incidence of skin cancer, eye cataracts, damage to human immune system4地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受破壞4Damage to the ecology of the earth4臭氧層的損耗，乃由損耗臭氧層的物質(zhì)所呵斥4Ozone depletion is caused by t

4、he ozone depleting substances耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)Ozone Depleting Substances耗費臭氧層的物質(zhì)OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODSs)4是人造化學化合物 - 鹵烴、其中包括碳和鹵素(氟、氯或溴)原子4 A family of man-made chemical compounds- halocarbons, containing carbon and halogen (Fluorine, Chlorine or Bromine) atoms 4ODSs 性質(zhì)極其穩(wěn)定，延續(xù)長久，存在於大氣下層，可飄浮至離地面16公里的平流層

5、 4Extremely stable and a long life span in the lower atmosphere allowing transport to the stratosphere situated 16 km above the ground level 4在平流層內(nèi)ODSs遭紫外光作用而分解，釋出氯原子與臭氧作用而產(chǎn)生氧分子，因此降低平流層內(nèi)臭氧濃度 4In the stratosphere, ODSs are broken down by the action of ultraviolet light, releasing chlorine atoms, reac

6、ting with ozone to produce molecular oxygen, thus reducing the ozone concentration of the stratospheric ozone layer. 4耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)包括4ODSs include4含氯氟氫 ChloroFluoroCarbons (CFC) 4鹵代碳氫化合物 (哈龍) HALogenated hydrocarbON (HALON)4甲基氯仿 (1,1,1-三氯乙烷) Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane)4甲基溴 Methyl Bromide4四氯化

7、碳 (四氯甲烷) Carbon tetrachloride (Tetrachloromethane)4含溴氟氫 HydroBromoFluoroCarbons (HBFC)4含氯氟氫 HydroChloroFluoroCarbons (HCFC)耗費臭氧層的物質(zhì)OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODSs)耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的用途Application of Ozone Depleting Substances耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的用途 APPLICATION OF ODS4CFC, HCFC ：4供冷氣工程和製冷工業(yè)用作冷卻劑4(CFC-11, CFC-12 and HCFC-22

8、) Used as refrigerants in the air-conditioning4 and refrigeration industry4作為噴霧劑的推進劑4(CFC-11 and CFC-12) Used as propellants for aerosol sprays4供發(fā)泡膠工業(yè)用作發(fā)泡劑 4(CFC-11 and CFC-12) Used as blowing agents for foam industry4供電子工業(yè)用作清潔劑 4(CFC-113) Used as cleaning agents in electronic industry4哈龍 HALONS4手提滅

9、火器內(nèi)所用的哈龍 (Halons 1211) BCF used in portable fire4 extinguisher4固定防火裝置內(nèi)所用的哈龍 (Halons 1301) BTM used in fixed fire4 protection installations耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的用途 APPLICATION OF ODS4三氯乙烷 1,1,1-trichloroethane4用作溶劑以清潔電子板和金屬裝置，作為塗改液的稀釋劑，4紡織業(yè)(乾洗)的清潔劑4Used as solvent for cleaning electronic boards and metal works, th

10、inner for correcting fluids, cleaning agent in the textile industry (“dry cleaning)4四氯化碳 Carbon tetrachloride4供紡織和電子業(yè)用作清潔劑 4Used as cleaning agent in textile and electronic industries 取締耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的時間表Phase-out Schedule of Ozone Depleting Substances取締耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的時間表PHASE OUT SCHEDULE OF ODSs 含氯氟烴CFCs一九九四年一月

11、一日起耗用量下降 75 %75 % reduction of consumption by 1January 1994一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase-out by 1 January 1996哈龍Halons一九九四年一月一日起全面取締Total phase-out by 1 January 1994四氯化碳Carbon tetrachloride一九九五年一月一日起耗用量下降 85 %85 % reduction of consumption by 1January 1995一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase-out by January 1, 1996取

12、締耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的時間表PHASE OUT SCHEDULE OF ODS 1,1,1-三氯乙烷1,1,1-trichloroethane(Methyl Chloroform)一九九四年一月一日起耗用量下降 50 %50 % reduction of consumption by 1 January1994一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase out by 1 January 1996含溴氟烴HBFCs一九九六年一月一日起全面取締Total phase out by 1 January 1996溴代甲烷Methyl Bromide一九九五年一月一日起只限檢疫和付郵運前消毒處理Re

13、strict to quarantine and pre-shipmentapplications starting 1 January 1995取締耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的時間表PHASE OUT SCHEDULE OF ODSs 含氯氟烴HCFCs一九九六年一月一日起耗用量不得超越基本水平Freeze consumption at base level starting 1January 1996二零零四年一月一日起耗用量下降 35 %35 % reduction of consumption by 1.1. 2004二零一零年一月一日起耗用量下降 65%65 % reduction of con

14、sumption by 1.1.2010二零一五年一月一日起耗用量下降 90%90 % reduction of consumption by 1.1.2015二零二零年一月一日起耗用量下降 99.5%99.5% reduction of consumption by 1.1. 2020二零三零年一月一日起全面取締Total phase out by 1.1. 2030損耗臭氧層物質(zhì)在香港的耗用量損耗臭氧層物質(zhì)在香港的耗用量Ozone Depleting Substances Consumption01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,00019861987198819891

15、9901991199219931994199519961997199819992000年份年份Year加權(quán)量加權(quán)量(以公噸計(以公噸計)Weighted Tonnage頒布保護臭氧層條例Enaction of the OLPO控制法例Legislative Controls香港對耗費臭氧層物質(zhì)的控制法例 LEGISLATIVE CONTROL OF ODSs IN HONG GONG保護臭氧層條例 Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance(OLPO) CAP. 403保護臭氧層(含受控制物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品)(制止進口)規(guī)例 Ozone Layer Protection (Prod

16、ucts Containing Scheduled Substances (Import Banning) Regulation保護臭氧層(受控制製冷劑)規(guī)例 Ozone Layer Protection (Controlled Refrigerants) RegulationNoImage保護臭氧層條例 (第 403 章)Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance (OLPO), (CAP. 403)4制止本地生產(chǎn)受控制物質(zhì) 4To ban the local production of scheduled 4substances ;4實施配額及發(fā)牌制度控制耗費臭氣層物

17、質(zhì)的4進出口 4To restrict the import and export of these chemicals through licensing and quota provisions. 保護臭氧層條例Ozone Layer Protection Ordinance (OLPO)4最高罰款為港幣 1,000, 000 元及入獄兩年4Maximum fine HK$ 1,000,000 and 2 years imprisonment凡在無許可證下輸入或輸出任何受控制物質(zhì)，均屬違法It is an offence to import and export any scheduled

18、 substances without licence.保護臭氧層(受控制製冷劑)規(guī)例Ozone Layer Protection (Controlled Refrigerants) Regulation4制止故意將大型(50 千克 以上)冷凍設備及汽車的受控制製冷劑排放大氣中4Ban the intentional venting to the atmosphere of controlled refrigerants used in large scale (more than 50 kg) refrigerant equipment and motor vehicles. 4運用核準裝置

19、以便回收或重用製冷劑及；4Use of approved equipment to recover and recycle CFC refrigerant ; and 4將CFC製冷劑耗費量保管記錄4Maintain records of CFC refrigerant consumption 1989 至至 2000 年保護臭氧層條例檢控統(tǒng)計數(shù)字年保護臭氧層條例檢控統(tǒng)計數(shù)字Prosecution Statistics for 1989 to 2000$0$10,000$20,000$30,000$40,000$50,000$60,000$70,000$80,000$90,000$100,000198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000年份年份Year罰款罰款 Fine平均罰款 Average Fine最高罰款 Max. Fine最低罰款 Min. Fine(2)(2)(2)(1)(17)(14)(2)(18)(7)(n) 檢控 宗數(shù) number of cases prosecuted(10)(6)(2)執(zhí)行保護臭氧層條例ENFORCEMENT OF THE OZONE LAYER PROTECTION ORDINANCE4環(huán)境保護署 Environmental Protection Depar