九脂類代謝件

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1九脂類代謝件九脂類代謝件第1頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第2頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)代謝物代謝物能量能量（kJ/g）干重干重（g）可獲能量可獲能量（kJ）脂肪脂肪（脂肪組織脂肪組織）3715,000 555,000蛋白蛋白（肌肉肌肉）176,000102,000糖原糖原（肌肉肌肉）161201,920糖原糖原（肝臟肝臟）16701,120葡萄糖葡萄糖（胞外液胞外液）1620320總計(jì)總計(jì)660,360第3頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CHOCOR2CH2OCOR1CH2OCOR3R1COO-CHOCOR2CH2OHCH2OCOR3R3COO-CHOCOR2CH2OHCH2OHR2COO-CHOHCH2OHCH2OH+H2OH2OH

2、2O脂肪甘油二脂甘油一脂甘油脂肪酸脂肪酶脂肪酶脂肪酶第4頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第5頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CHOCOR2CH2OCOR1CH2OPOOXO-磷脂酶A1(B1)磷脂酶A2(B2)磷脂酶C磷脂酶D第6頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CHOHCH2OHCH2OHATPCHOHCH2OCH2OHPADP甘油磷酸激酶CCH2OCH2OHPONAD+NADH + H+甘油甘油-1-磷酸二羥丙酮磷酸甘油磷酸脫氫酶糖丙酮酸CO2 + H2O第7頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CH2CH2COO-CH2CH2COO-CH2CNHCH2COO-O苯乙尿酸CNHCH2COO-O馬尿酸第8頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CNHCH2COO-OCNHCH2COO-O苯乙尿

3、酸馬尿酸CH2CO-ONH3CH2COO-CO-O第9頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CCH2COO-CCH2COO-OOCH2CO-OCO-OCH2CH2CH2COO-CH2CH2COO-CH2COO- -氧化 -氧化 第10頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)-OCCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH3O -OCCH2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH3O O-OCCH3CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH2H2CCH3OO-O+ -氧化斷裂 第11頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)COO

4、-+CoASH +ATPSCoAO+AMP+PPG = -0.8 kJ/mol 第12頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)RCH2COO-OPOPOPOAdenosineOO-OO-OO-+Fatty AcidATPPPOPOAdenosineOO-CORCH2CoASHSCoACORCH2+AMP+H+Fatty Acyl-CoA第13頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第14頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CCSCoAOCRCH2HHHH Fatty acyl-CoACCSCoAOCRCH2HH FADFADH2Acyl-CoAdehydrogenaseSCoACRCH2O Fatty acyl-CoAshortened by two carbonstra

5、ns- 2-Enoyl-CoACCSCoAOCRCH2HOH HHL- -Hydroxyacyl-CoACCSCoAOCRCH2H OH -Ketoacyl-CoANAD+NADH + H+L-Hydroxyacyl-CoAdehydrogenaseH2OEnoyl-CoAhydrataseCCSCoAOHHHAcetyl-CoACoASHThiolasehydrationOxidationOxidationCleavage1234Successivecycles第15頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第16頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第17頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第18頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第19頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2(CH2)6CCCCH3(CH2)7

6、SCoAO油酰輔酶ACH3CSCoAO3CH2CCCH3(CH2)7COSCoA 3-順-十二碳烯脂酰輔酶ACCCH2CH3(CH2)7COSCoAHHHHHH 2-反-十二碳烯脂酰輔酶ACH2CCH2CH3(CH2)7COSCoAH -羥-十二碳脂酰輔酶AOH -氧化三個(gè)循環(huán)H2O烯脂酰輔酶A水解酶烯脂酰輔酶A異構(gòu)酶第20頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CC12CH2CC9CH3(CH2)4CH2(CH2)6CHHHHSCoAOCC6CH2CC3CH3(CH2)4CH2HHHHCOSCoACH3COSCoA3CC6CH2CH2C3CH3(CH2)4CHHCOSCoAHH3輪 -氧化異構(gòu)化第21頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CC6

7、CH2CH2C3CH3(CH2)4CHHCOSCoAHHCC4CH2CH2CCH3(CH2)4HHOSCoACH3COSCoACC4CC2CCH3(CH2)4HHOSCoAHH1輪 -氧化脫氫第22頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CC4CC2CCH3(CH2)4HHOSCoAHHCH2C4C CH22CCH3(CH2)4HOSCoAH2，4-二烯脂酰輔酶A還原酶第23頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH3CH2CSCoAOCCOSCoAH3CH-OOCCCOSCoA-OOCHH2CCOSCoACH2-OOC丙酰輔酶A丙酰輔酶A羧化酶D-甲基丙二酰輔酶AL-甲基丙二酰輔酶A甲基丙二酰輔酶A表異構(gòu)酶甲基丙二酰輔 酶A變位酶琥珀酰輔酶AA

8、TPCO2H2OH3C第24頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)B-CCOSCoA-OOCHCH3(S)-甲基丙二酰輔酶AEB-CCOSCoA-OOCH(R)-甲基丙二酰輔酶AEH3CBHCCOSCoA-OOCCH3EBHCCO-SCoA-OOCCH3E第25頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)Co2+DMBCH2RCo3+DMBCH2RCo2+DMBCH2RHCOSCoACHCOO-H3C Methyl-Malonyl-S-CoACOSCoACHCOO-H2CCOSCoACH2CHCOOCOSCoACH2CH2COOSuccinyl-S-CoA第26頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CCH3CHCH2OH植醇3H3CCHCH3

9、CH2CH2CH2CHCH3CH2COO-3植烷酸 羥化酶H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3CHCOO-3OH植烷酸H2O第27頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)脂酰輔酶A合成酶H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3CHCOO-3OHH3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3C3OO-H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3C3OSCoA降植烷酸植烷酸 氧化酶CO2ATP + CoASHAMP + PPi第28頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)H3C CH2COSCoACH3CSCoAOCHH3CCOSCoAH3C6輪 -氧化H3CCHCH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH3C3OSCoA+第29頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)H3CCSC

10、oAO2CH2CSCoAOCOH3CCH2CSCoAOCOHCH2CH3CO-O硫脂解酶HMG-CoA合成酶CoASHCoASH乙酰乙酰輔酶A -羥- -甲基戊二酰輔酶A (HMGCoA) H2O + CH3COSCoACoASH第30頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CSCoAOCOHCH2CH3CO-OCCH2COOO-H3CCCH3OH3CCCH2COHO-H3COH -羥- -甲基戊二酰輔酶A (HMGCoA)乙酰乙酸丙酮 -羥丁酸CH3COSCoAHMG-CoA裂解酶CO2NADH + H+NAD+ -羥丁酸脫氫酶第31頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CCH2COOO-H3CCCH2COHO-H3COH乙酰乙酸 -羥丁

11、酸CCH2COOSCoAH3CCH3COSCoA2乙酰乙酰輔酶乙酰輔酶ANADH H+NAD+ -羥丁酸脫氫酶 -琥珀酰輔酶A轉(zhuǎn)硫酶琥珀酰輔酶A琥珀酸乙酰乙酸硫激酶CoASHCoASH第32頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第33頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)RCH2CH2CH2COScarrierRCH2CHCHCOScarrierRCH2CHCH2COScarrierHORCH2CCH2COScarrierORCH2CSOcarrier丙二酰 輔酶A乙酰輔酶A 乙酰輔酶ACO2(CoA 或ACP)NADPH + H+-H2ONADPH + H+FADH2ONAD+(L-)(D-)合成氧化降解第34頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)H3CCSCoAOA

12、TPADP, PiCH2CSCoAO-OOCCO2丙二酰輔酶A乙酰輔酶A乙酰輔酶A羧化酶反應(yīng)一第35頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CSCoAO-OOC丙二酰輔酶ACH2CSACPO-OOC丙二酰ACPACPCoASH丙二酰CoA-ACP 轉(zhuǎn)移酶反應(yīng)二第36頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH3CSCoAO乙酰輔酶ACH3CSACPO乙酰ACPACPCoASH乙酰CoA-ACP 轉(zhuǎn)移酶反應(yīng)三第37頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CSACPO-OOC丙二酰ACPCH3CSACPO乙酰ACP+CH2CSACPOCH3CO -酮脂酰ACPACP， CO2反應(yīng)四第38頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CSACPOCH3CO -酮脂酰ACPCH2CSACPOCH3C

13、HOHD- -羥丁酰ACP -酮脂酰ACP還原酶NADPH + H+NADP+反應(yīng)五第39頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CSACPOCH3CHOHD- -羥丁酰ACPCCSACPOCH3CHH -羥脂酰ACP 脫水酶反式- -烯丁酰ACPH2O反應(yīng)六第40頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)反應(yīng)七CCSACPOCH3CHH反式- -烯丁酰ACPCH2CSACPOCH2H3C丁酰ACPNADPH + H+NADP+ -烯脂酰ACP 還原酶第41頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)RCH2CH2CH2COScarrierRCH2CHCHCOScarrierRCH2CHCH2COScarrierHORCH2CCH2COScarrierORCH2CSOcarr

14、ier丙二酰 輔酶A乙酰輔酶A 乙酰輔酶ACO2(CoA 或ACP)NADPH + H+-H2ONADPH + H+FADH2ONAD+(L-)(D-)合成氧化降解第42頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)ACPSHSCCH3SHCH3CH2CH2CSCH3CH=CHCSCH3CHCH2CSSCCH2CCH3SCCH2COO-Acetyl-CoACoASHO12SH2SCCH3OMalonyl-CoACoA-SHO3CO2,2SHONADP+NADPH, H+4OHOH2O5ONADPH, H+NADP+O2SH2SCCH2CH2CH3O6O第43頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CSACPOCCH2HOH -羥十碳酰ACPH2OC

15、H3(CH2)5CH2CSACPOCCHCH3(CH2)5H -羥十碳酰ACP 脫水酶第44頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CHOHCH2OHCH2OH+ATP甘油激酶CHOHCH2OHCH2O P+ ADPCCH2OHCH2ONADH + H+CHOHCH2OHCH2O PPO甘油甘油- -磷酸二羥丙酮磷酸NAD+甘油- -磷酸甘油- -磷酸脫氫酶第45頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)RCOO-+ CoASH脂肪酸硫激酶RCOSCoACHOHCH2OHCH2O P+ 2RCOSCoA甘油- -磷酸CHOCORCH2OCORCH2O P+ 2HSCoA甘油磷酸轉(zhuǎn)酰基酶磷脂酸CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OH甘油二脂CHOCORCH

16、2OCORCH2OCOR磷脂酸磷酸酶H2ORCOSCoA甘油二脂轉(zhuǎn)?；钢镜?6頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)HOCH2CH2NH2+ATPP OCH2CH2NH2+ ADP乙醇胺乙醇胺磷酸HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3P OCH2CH2NH3(CH2)3膽堿膽堿磷酸ATPADP1.乙醇胺或膽堿與ATP在激酶的作用下生成乙醇胺磷酸或膽堿磷酸第47頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)P(yáng) OCH2CH2NH2乙醇胺磷酸P OCH2CH2NH3(CH2)3膽堿磷酸+CTP+CTPCDP-乙醇胺CDP-膽堿+PPi+PPi2.磷酸乙醇胺或磷酸膽堿與再和胞苷三磷酸（CTP）在轉(zhuǎn)胞苷酶的作用下，生成中間產(chǎn)物胞二磷乙醇胺或胞二磷膽堿第48頁(yè)/共7

17、2頁(yè)CDP-乙醇胺+CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OH甘油二脂CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOOCH2CH2NH2OH-CMP磷脂酰乙醇胺+CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OH甘油二脂CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OH-CMP磷脂酰膽堿CDP-膽堿3.磷脂酰乙醇胺或磷脂酰膽堿的生成第49頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CHOCORCH2OCORCH2O P磷脂酸+ CTPCHOCORCH2OCORCH2OCDP甘油二脂CDP-Pi第50頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OCDP甘油二脂CDP+CHNH2CH2OHCOOH絲氨酸CHOCORCH2OCORCH2O

18、POCH2CHCOOHOHONH2CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOCH2CH2NH2OHOCO2CHOCORCH2OCORCH2OPOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OHO3 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸3 S-腺苷半胱氨酸磷脂酰乙醇胺磷脂酰膽堿第51頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第52頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第53頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)環(huán)戊烷 菲 環(huán)戊烷多氫菲ABCD第54頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)第55頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)HO羊毛脂固醇鯊烯第56頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)2 CH3COSCoA乙酰輔酶ACH3COCH2COSCoA乙酰乙酰輔酶A-OOCCH2CCH2COSCoACH3OH-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OHCH3OH -甲基- -羥戊二酸單酰輔酶A -甲基- -二

19、羥戊酸 (MVA)乙酰輔酶ACoASH + 2NADP+2NADPH + 2 H+HMG-CoA還原酶CoASH第57頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OHCH3OH -甲基- -二羥戊酸 (MVA)-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OCH3OH5-磷酸 MVAP-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OCH3OH5-焦磷酸 MVAPP-OOCCH2CCH2CH2OCH3OPP3-磷酸-5-焦磷酸 MVAPCH2CCH2CH2OCH3PPCH3CCH2CH2OCH3PP異戊烯基焦磷酸酯二甲基丙烯基焦磷酸酯ATPADPATPADPATPADPCO2, Pi第58頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2CCH2CH2OCH3PPC

20、H3CCH2CH2OCH3PP異異戊戊烯烯基基焦焦磷磷酸酸酯酯二二甲甲基基丙丙烯烯基基焦焦磷磷酸酸酯酯+CH2CCCH2OCH3PPCH3CCH2CH2CH3H焦焦磷磷酸酸牜牜尤尤彡彡牛牛兒兒酯酯CH2CCCH2CH3CH3CCH2CH2CH3HCH2CCCH2OCH3PPH焦焦磷磷酸酸法法呢呢酯酯CH2CCH2CH2OCH3PPPPiPPi第59頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2O PCH2OPPPCH2O PCPHPPi, H+焦磷酸法呢酯焦磷酸法呢酯前鯊烯焦磷酸酯第60頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)CH2O PCPH前鯊烯焦磷酸酯CCH2HHCH2CH2鯊烯PPiNADPHNADP+第61頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)鯊烯OO2 + NADPH + H+H2O + NADP+鯊烯單氧化酶鯊烯-2,3-氧化物第62頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)32O鯊烯-2,3-氧化物HOCH3HHHH3CCH3CH3CH3HOCH3CH3H3CCH3CH3羊毛脂固醇環(huán)化酶H+351018914131117202125HO1918ABCD膽固醇多步反應(yīng)第63頁(yè)/共72頁(yè)代謝物代謝物能量能量（kJ/g）干重干重（g）可獲能量可獲能量（kJ）脂肪脂肪（脂肪組織脂肪組織）3715,000 555,000蛋白蛋白（肌肉肌肉）176,000102,000糖原糖原（肌肉肌肉）161201,920