ZV-0.6-4-40氮?dú)鈮嚎s機(jī)

1、1、 熱力學(xué)計(jì)算 參數(shù)設(shè)置： 相對(duì)濕度=0.8 空氣等熵指數(shù)k=1.4 第一級(jí)吸氣溫度=20 第二級(jí)吸氣溫度=25 額定排氣量=0.6 額定進(jìn)氣壓力=0.4 MPa 額定排氣壓力=4 MPa 壓縮機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速n=400 活塞行程S=2r=100mm 活塞桿長(zhǎng)度400mm 曲柄長(zhǎng)度r=50mm。1. 結(jié)構(gòu)形式及方案的選擇已知進(jìn)氣壓力為0.4 MPa，終壓為4 MPa,首先計(jì)算總壓力比，壓縮機(jī)的技術(shù)取兩級(jí)比較合適，為了獲得較好的動(dòng)力平衡性能，可選擇V形結(jié)構(gòu)，而且、級(jí)采用雙作用氣缸。另外，壓縮機(jī)采用水冷方式。V形壓縮機(jī)示意圖2. 確定氣缸直徑1) 初步確定各級(jí)名義壓力根據(jù)工況的需要，選擇級(jí)數(shù)為兩級(jí)，按照等

2、壓比分配原則，但為了使第一級(jí)有較高的容積系數(shù)，第一級(jí)的壓力比去稍低值，各級(jí)名義壓力及壓力比如下表所示：各級(jí)名義壓力及壓力比級(jí)數(shù)吸氣壓力0.41.2排氣壓力1.24壓力比33.332) 確定各級(jí)容積效率1 確定各級(jí)容積系數(shù) 取各級(jí)相對(duì)余隙容積和膨脹指數(shù)如下： 得 2 選取壓力系數(shù) 3 選取溫度系數(shù) 4 選取泄露系數(shù) 5 確定容積效率 3) 確定析水系數(shù)第一級(jí)無(wú)水析出，故。而各級(jí)進(jìn)口溫度下的飽和蒸汽壓力由文獻(xiàn)查得， 4) 確定各級(jí)行程容積5) 確定各級(jí)氣缸直徑，行程和實(shí)際行程容積已知轉(zhuǎn)速n=400r/min,取行程s=100mm得活塞的平均速度： 取活塞桿直徑 d=20mm,得 根據(jù)氣缸直徑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，

3、圓整為，實(shí)際行程容積?；钊行娣e為： 同理，根據(jù)氣缸直徑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，圓整為，實(shí)際行程容積，活塞有效面積為： 考慮到圓整值和計(jì)算值之間的差值，這里采用維持壓力比不變，；計(jì)算得新的容積系數(shù)為：再通過(guò)下式計(jì)算新的相對(duì)余隙：結(jié)果為：3. 計(jì)算活塞力1) 計(jì)算實(shí)際吸排氣壓力各級(jí)進(jìn)、排氣相對(duì)壓力損失取值，各級(jí)進(jìn)、排氣壓力和實(shí)際壓力比。1 查表得各級(jí)進(jìn)、排氣相對(duì)壓力損失取值： 因總的進(jìn)排氣壓力損失得： 2 計(jì)算實(shí)際吸排氣壓力： 3 計(jì)算實(shí)際壓力比： 各級(jí)進(jìn)、排氣壓力和實(shí)際壓力比(/MPa)級(jí)數(shù)公稱壓力壓力損失實(shí)際壓力實(shí)際壓力比0.41.20.03080.0540.3881.2653.31.240.04680.0

4、881.1444.3523.82) 活塞力的計(jì)算首先計(jì)算蓋側(cè)和軸側(cè)活塞工作面積；止點(diǎn)氣體力。蓋側(cè)和軸側(cè)活塞工作面積級(jí)次軸側(cè)蓋側(cè)0.010990.0113040.0129530.013267止點(diǎn)氣體力計(jì)算列次內(nèi)止點(diǎn)/N外止點(diǎn)/N-4. 確定各級(jí)排氣溫度因?yàn)榕艢鈮毫Σ荒芴撸钥諝饪梢钥醋隼硐霘怏w，等熵指數(shù)為k=1.4，由于采用水冷的方式，近似的認(rèn)為各級(jí)壓縮指數(shù)為： 取，排氣溫度由公式，可得： 5. 計(jì)算軸功率并選擇配電機(jī)各級(jí)只是功率為： 總的指示功率為：取機(jī)械效率，所以軸功率為：取電動(dòng)功率余度10，則電動(dòng)機(jī)功率取40kw。2、 動(dòng)力計(jì)算1. 已知條件和數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)第一部分熱力計(jì)算的結(jié)果，得出所用數(shù)

5、據(jù)如下所示：活塞行程：s = 100 mm轉(zhuǎn) 速：n = 400 r/min2. 壓縮機(jī)各級(jí)汽缸氣體力設(shè)計(jì)的壓縮機(jī)為單缸作用兩級(jí)壓縮機(jī)，各級(jí)汽缸參數(shù)及力學(xué)情況已知，則相應(yīng)一些部分可以簡(jiǎn)化，作汽缸的動(dòng)力計(jì)算?，F(xiàn)用作圖法作汽缸示功圖。1) 動(dòng)力計(jì)算基本數(shù)據(jù)蓋側(cè)活塞力級(jí)數(shù)吸氣排氣9500-1000041200-429002) 作圖法繪制綜合活塞力圖1 將設(shè)計(jì)示功圖展開在橫坐標(biāo)為2s的綜合活塞力圖上，縱坐標(biāo)與設(shè)計(jì)示功圖中的力的比例尺相同。2 按勃列克斯近似作圖法在展開的設(shè)計(jì)示功圖下方作兩個(gè)半圓找出行程s與曲柄銷轉(zhuǎn)角的關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)角每等份取。3 列出一級(jí)往復(fù)慣性力數(shù)值表。由已知條件，曲柄半徑與連桿長(zhǎng)度比：曲

6、軸旋轉(zhuǎn)角速度：曲柄銷旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑: r = 0.5s = 50mm由熱力計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)可知最大活塞力為10KN ,取P = 14KN由公式代入數(shù)據(jù)得kg往復(fù)質(zhì)量在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的往復(fù)慣性力I為：現(xiàn)將查得與和的值如表所示 一級(jí)往復(fù)慣性力數(shù)值表 01.1251.400360151.0741790021.340.03826088345300.9285254041.1560.149599596330450.7071067810.8800.324143219315600.43750.5450.546875300750.150565870.1870.79949424928590-0.125-0.1561.0625270

7、105-0.367072221-0.4571.317132339255120-0.5625-0.71.546875240135-0.707106781-0.8801.738356781225150-0.803525404-11.881650404210165-0.857672651-1.0671.970112532195180-0.875-1.08921804 列出二級(jí)往復(fù)慣性力數(shù)值表曲柄半徑與連桿長(zhǎng)度比：同上取曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)角速度：曲柄銷旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑: r = 0.5s = 50mm由熱力計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)可知最大活塞力為42.9KN，取P=45KN由公式代入數(shù)據(jù)得kg往復(fù)質(zhì)量在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的往復(fù)慣性力I為：現(xiàn)將

8、查得與和的值如表所示二級(jí)往復(fù)慣性力數(shù)值表 01.1254.5360360151.0741790021.3370.03826088345300.9285254041.1560.149599596330450.7071067810.8800.324143219315600.43750.5450.546875300750.150565870.1870.79949424928590-0.125-0.1561.0625270105-0.367072221-0.4571.317132339255120-0.5625-0.71.546875240135-0.707106781-0.881.738356781

9、225150-0.803525404-11.881650404210165-0.857672651-1.0681.970112532195180-0.875-1.08921803) 摩擦力的計(jì)算1 往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)摩擦力由過(guò)程流體機(jī)械式2-56，得往復(fù)摩擦力計(jì)算如下：取往復(fù)摩擦力為總摩擦力的70%2 旋轉(zhuǎn)摩擦力由活塞式壓縮機(jī)式5-18，得旋轉(zhuǎn)摩擦力計(jì)算如下：取旋轉(zhuǎn)摩擦力為總旋轉(zhuǎn)摩擦力的30%4) 計(jì)算第一列氣體力1 第I級(jí)蓋側(cè)的氣體力通過(guò)下列公式求解：a. 壓縮過(guò)程： b. 膨脹過(guò)程： c. 進(jìn)氣過(guò)程： d. 排氣過(guò)程： e. 氣體力： f. 余隙行程： ，活塞面積，壓縮及膨脹過(guò)程的多變指數(shù)可取為，蓋

10、側(cè)的氣體力為負(fù)值。第I級(jí)蓋側(cè)的氣體力計(jì)算表（MPa）曲柄轉(zhuǎn)角活塞位移（mm）膨脹過(guò)程進(jìn)氣過(guò)程壓縮過(guò)程排氣過(guò)程氣體力（）001.265-14.29956151.9130987971.084901752-12.25353307.4807442440.749480482-8.4666964516.210224680.485300914-5.482446027.350656990.321959690.388-4.3859527539.985416980.388-4.3859529053.137303340.388-4.38595210565.867321490.388-4.38595212077.35

11、0656990.388-4.38595213586.92090280.388-4.38595215094.083284620.388-4.38595216598.505681430.388-4.3859521801000.3880.388-4.38595219598.505681430.3950763-4.4650821094.083284620.4173714-4.71376822586.92090280.458391-5350656990.5251408-5.934625565.867321490.6304216-7.1215227053.137303340.79

12、74607-9.00928828539.985416981.0689986-12.0839730027.350656991.52377721-17.2272931516.210224682.296841791.265-25.965283307.480744244 1.265-14.299563451.9130987971.265-14.2995636001.265-14.299562 第一級(jí)軸側(cè)氣相力，活塞面積，壓縮及膨脹過(guò)程的多變指數(shù)可取為，軸側(cè)的氣體力為正值。第I級(jí)軸側(cè)的氣體力計(jì)算表（MPa）曲柄轉(zhuǎn)角活塞位移（mm）膨脹過(guò)程進(jìn)氣過(guò)程壓縮過(guò)程排氣過(guò)程氣體力（）01000.3884.26412

13、1598.08690120.397099244.363033092.519255760.425778294.681744583.789775320.478551515.264216072.649343010.564316326.198367560.014583020.698950017.682019046.862696660.9101666210.000910534.132678511.2459045013.6935412022.649343011.785968321.26513.9023513513.07909721.26513.902351505.9167153781.26513.9023

14、51651.4943185741.26513.9023518001.2651.26513.902351951.4943185741.1204138812.30882105.9167153780.823696619.0557622513.07909720.558713506.1434124022.649343010.377358184.1432325534.132678510.263247820.3884.2641227046.862696660.3884.2641228560.014583020.3884.2641230072.649343010.3884.2641231583.7897753

15、20.3884.2641233092.519255760.3884.2641234598.08690120.3884.264123601000.3884.264123 計(jì)算第一列綜合活塞力及切向力由化工機(jī)器式3-39求切向力T，得： I級(jí)綜合活塞力及切向力計(jì)算表慣性力I往復(fù)摩擦力氣體力（P）總氣體力綜合活塞力切向力T軸側(cè)（+）蓋側(cè)（-）001.400.2084.2641-14.299-10.0349-8.42690150.30881.340.2084.3630-12.253-7.89-6.342-1.9584300.58701.1560.2084.6817-8.4666-3.7849-2.42

16、09-1.4210450.80810.8800.2085.2642-5.4824-0.21820.86980.7028600.95390.5450.2086.1983-4.38591.81242.56542.4471751.01680.1870.2087.6820-4.38593.29613.69113.7531901-0.1560.20810.001-4.38595.61515.66715.66711050.9149-0.4570.20813.693-4.38599.30719.05818.28721200.7781-0.70.20813.902-4.38599.51619.02417.02

17、161350.6060-0.8800.20813.902-4.38599.51618.84415.35951500.4129-10.20813.902-4.38599.51618.72413.60211650.2087-1.0670.20813.902-4.38599.51618.65711.80671800-1.0890.20813.902-4.38599.51618.63510195-0.2087-1.067-0.20812.309-4.46507.8446.569-1.3709210-0.4129-1-0.2089.056-4.71374.34233.1343-1.2941225-0.6

18、060-0.880-0.2086.143-5.17720.9658-0.12220.0740240-0.7781-0.7-0.2084.143-5.934-1.791-2.6992.1000255-0.9149-0.457-0.2084.264-7.1215-2.8575-3.52253.2227270-1-0.156-0.2084.264-9.0092-4.7452-5.10925.1092285-1.01680.187-0.2084.264-12.083-7.819-7.847.971300-0.95390.545-0.2084.264-17.227-12.963-12.62612.043

19、315-0.80810.880-0.2084.264-25.965-21.701-21.02916.993330-0.58701.156-0.2084.264-14.299-10.035-9.0875.3340345-0.30881.34-0.2084.264-14.299-10.035-8.9032.749236001.40-0.2084.264-14.299-10.035-8.8430雙作用壓縮機(jī)列的綜合活塞力曲線（一級(jí)）5) 計(jì)算第二列氣體力1 第二級(jí)蓋側(cè)氣體力，活塞面積，壓縮及膨脹過(guò)程的多變指數(shù)可取為，蓋側(cè)的氣體力為負(fù)數(shù)第二級(jí)蓋側(cè)的氣體力計(jì)算表（MPa）曲柄轉(zhuǎn)角活塞位移（mm）膨脹過(guò)程

20、進(jìn)氣過(guò)程壓縮過(guò)程排氣過(guò)程氣體力（）004.352-57.737151.9130987973.769526122-50.010307.4807442442.656779263-35.2474516.210224681.751412824-23.2356027.350656991.176711179-15.6117539.985416980.8324516311.144-15.1779053.137303341.144-15.17710565.867321491.144-15.17712077.350656991.144-15.17713586.92090281.144-15.17715094.0

21、83284621.144-15.17716598.505681431.144-15.1771801001.1441.114-14.77919598.505681431.134-15.04421094.083284621.197-15.88022586.92090281.313-17.41924077.350656991.502-19.92725565.867321491.799-23.86727053.137303342.267-30.07628539.985416983.023-40.10630027.350656994.273-56.68931516.210224686.3614.352-

22、57.7373307.480744244 4.352-57.7373451.9130987974.352-57.73736004.352-57.7372 第二級(jí)軸側(cè)氣體力，活塞面積，壓縮及膨脹過(guò)程的多變指數(shù)可取為，軸側(cè)的氣體力為正值。第二級(jí)軸側(cè)的氣體力計(jì)算表（MPA）曲柄轉(zhuǎn)角活塞位移（mm）膨脹過(guò)程進(jìn)氣過(guò)程壓縮過(guò)程排氣過(guò)程氣體力（）01001.11414.7791597.961.13915.1113092.051.22116.1994582.8451.37018.1756071.221.61321.3997558.231.99226.4289044.952.58234.25510532.353

23、.51246.59412021.224.9864.35257.73813512.134.35257.7381505.4454.35257.7381651.374.35257.73818004.3524.35257.7381951.373.88551.5422105.4452.90638.55422512.132.00526.624021.221.37318.21625532.350.9671.14415.17727044.951.14415.17728558.231.14415.17730071.221.14415.17731582.8451.14415.17733092.051.14415.

24、17734597.961.14415.1773601001.14415.1773 計(jì)算第二列綜合活塞力及切向力求切向力T，得： 二級(jí)綜合活塞力及切向力計(jì)算表（KN）慣性力I往 復(fù)摩擦力 氣體力（P）總氣體力綜合活塞力切向力T軸側(cè)（+）蓋側(cè)（-）004.5360.84114.779-57.737-42.958-37.5810150.30881.3370.84115.111-50.010-34.899-32.721-10.104300.58701.1560.84116.199-35.247-19.048-17.051-10.008450.80810.8800.84118.175-23.235-5.

25、06-3.339-2.698600.95390.5450.84121.399-15.6115.7887.1746.843751.01680.1870.84126.428-15.17711.25112.27912.485901-0.1560.84134.255-15.17719.07819.76319.761050.9149-0.4570.84146.594-15.17731.41731.80129.0951200.7781-0.70.84157.738-15.17742.56142.70233.2261350.6060-0.880.84157.738-15.17742.56142.52225.

26、7681500.4129-10.84157.738-15.17742.56142.40217.5071650.2087-1.0680.84157.738-15.17742.56142.3348.8351800-1.0890.84157.738-14.77942.95942.7110195-0.2087-1.068-0.84151.542-15.04436.49834.589-7.219210-0.4129-1-0.84138.554-15.88022.67420.833-8.602225-0.6060-0.88-0.84126.6-17.4199.1817.46-4.521240-0.7781

27、-0.7-0.8413.098-19.927-16.829-18.3714.294255-0.9149-0.457-0.8412.347-23.867-21.52-22.81820.876270-1-0.156-0.8411.816-30.076-28.26-29.25729.257285-1.01680.187-0.8411.557-40.106-38.549-39.20339.862300-0.95390.545-0.8411.557-56.689-55.132-55.42852.873315-0.80810.88-0.8411.557-57.737-56.18-56.14145.3683

28、30-0.58701.156-0.8411.557-57.737-56.18-55.86532.793345-0.30881.337-0.8411.557-57.737-56.18-55.68417.19536004.536-0.8411.557-57.737-56.18-52.4850雙作用壓縮機(jī)列的綜合活塞力曲線（二級(jí)）6) 總切向力曲線繪制將兩級(jí)的切向力匯總?cè)缦卤硭荆嚎偳邢蛄χ登邢蛄χ登邢蛄χ悼偳邢蛄χ敌D(zhuǎn)摩擦力00000.28615-1.9584-10.104-12.06240.28630-1.4210-10.008-11.4290.286450.7028-2.698-1.99520

29、.286602.44716.8439.29010.286753.753112.48516.23810.286905.667119.7625.42710.2861058.287229.09537.38220.2861207.021633.22640.24760.2861355.359525.76831.12750.2861503.602117.50721.10910.2861651.80678.83510.64170.2861800000.286195-1.3709-7.219-8.58990.286210-1.2941-8.602-9.89610.2862250.0740-4.521-4.4470.2862402.100014.29416.3940.2862553.222720.87624.09870.2862705.109229.25734.36620.2862857.97139.86247.8330.28630012.04352.87364.9160.28631516.99345.36821.94 0.2863305.334032.79311.37 0.2863452.749217.1954.52 0.286360000.22 0.2867) 計(jì)算飛輪矩選取比例尺：力比例尺： 長(zhǎng)度比例：求平均切向力：量的總切向力曲線與橫坐標(biāo)包