1初一單詞和語(yǔ)法-支教備課1

1、初一上冊(cè)人教版英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)備課一、單詞聽寫1. 問(wèn)題&答案 question; answer2. 卡片card3. 數(shù)字，數(shù)量number4. 看 look; see; watch5. 序數(shù)詞：第一、二、三、四、h-一、十二、二一、二十二、二十三、二十五6. 最后的last7. 姓氏&名字 family name; first name& 電話 telephone9. 雙肩包&削筆刀&鉛筆&橡皮、黑板擦 backpack; pencil sharper ;pencil; eraser10. 字典 dictionary11. 拼寫 spell12. 丟

2、失&尋找 lost; find; search13. 原諒，寬恕excuse14. 父母&姐妹&兄弟&朋友&祖父母&表姐妹，表兄弟&叔叔，舅舅&姨媽，姑姑 parents; sister; brother; trie nd; gra ndpare nts; cousi n; un cle; aunt15. 拿走 take16. 需要 need17. 有，吃,飲have18. 允許，讓let29. 玩兒,打球play20更多的，更大的more21. 有趣的&無(wú)聊的，讓人生厭的interesting; boring22. 只，

3、僅僅only23. 每一，每個(gè) every24. 喜歡,像like25. 食物&早餐&午餐&晚餐&餐&漢堡包&水果&雞蛋&橘子汁food; breakfast; lunch; dinner; meal; hamburger; fruit; egg; orange juice26. 許多 many; much; a lot of; lots of27. 健康的&健康 healthy; health28. 人、人民 people29. 也，而 j=l,同樣 also; too30. 多少錢? how much31. 褲子&am

4、p;襯衫&裙子&短褲&鞋&毛衣pants; shirt; skirt; shorts; shoes; sweater32. 顏色（捉問(wèn)幾種顏色）color33. 大的&小的 big; large; small34. 給你 here you are.35. 例子 example36. 歡迎&不客氣 welcome; you are welcome.37. 買&賣&負(fù)擔(dān)得起，買得起&看一看&出售，甩賣buy; sell; afford; have a look/ look around; on sale38. 從，從起

5、from39. 抱歉，遺憾，難過(guò)的sorry40疑問(wèn)副詞（什么吋候，什么，哪里，誰(shuí)，為什么，怎么）41. 十二個(gè)月份&星期兒&周末january; february; march; april; may; june; july; august; september; october; november;december; mon day; tuesday; wed nesday; thursday; friday; saturday; sun day; weeke nd42. 演說(shuō) speech43. 比賽 contest44. 晚會(huì)，派對(duì)&節(jié)日party45. 年，歲

6、 year46. 去看電影（動(dòng)作片，喜劇，紀(jì)錄片，恐怖片，歌?。ゞo to the movieaction; comedy; documentary; thriller; opera47. 令人激動(dòng)的exciting48. 時(shí)常,有時(shí)often49. 與在一起，使用，有with50參加，加入join51.說(shuō)話,說(shuō)&告訴&談話speak; tell; talk52那時(shí),然后then53. 表演,演出 performance54. 地址 address55. 有可能，可以may56. 大約,到處，在附近around57. 不久 soon58. 調(diào)查 survey59. 忙的，繁忙的

7、busy60. 嚴(yán)格的strict 二、翻譯句子和對(duì)話1. how are you?i'm good! thanks, you? i'm fine, and you?2. how do you do? 一 how do you do?(補(bǔ)充：how are you doing? i'm doing everything well. / pretty well.)3. 這個(gè)用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)？怎么拼寫？4. 這是什么顏色？-黑白的。5. 這封信是我的，那些是你的。6. 我的書和你書桌上的那些不一樣。7. there are a lot of/ some people in th

8、is park today.改成一般疑問(wèn)句。8. li lei likes playing basketball.改寫成一般疑問(wèn)句。9. he didn't go to school today, did he? -yes, he did.不,他上學(xué)去了。/ no, he didn't.似的, 他沒(méi)去上學(xué)。10. 謝謝你教我怎么做蛋糕。11. 別忘了把你的作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校來(lái)。/我渴了，你可以幫我拿點(diǎn)喝的嗎？ /你應(yīng)該幫媽媽去 取錢包。(bring, take, fetch)12. 我需要告訴她這個(gè)秘密嗎？13. 今天的午餐我吃了很多蔬菜和很多肉。many, much14. 我不應(yīng)該

9、讓她等我。i should not have her waiting for me.讓我們?yōu)閴?mèng)想努力吧! lets work hard for our dreams!這部電彩讓我流淚了。this movie made me cry.15. 我9月21 h 12點(diǎn)半到達(dá)北京國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)。三、語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1. take的用法:(1) 拿走:who has taken my pen ?買下(同 buy) its ten dollars, i'll take it.(3) 乘,搭車 i take a bus to school.(4) 花費(fèi) it takes me ten years to finish

10、 the work.記錄 take notes 記筆記;take photos 照相;take one's temperature 量體溫(6)月良(藥)(=have) take this medicine after each meal.【總結(jié)】take短語(yǔ)還有:take/have a bath/shower洗個(gè)澡；take /have a walk散一散步 take off 脫下,起飛；take away 拿走；take in 吸收；take it easy 別緊張；take out 取岀; take over 接管;take place 發(fā)生；take up 占據(jù)(空間)2. a

11、t和in的用法： at和in都可以接地名，表在某地。at后接小地名，in后接大地名。但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)在某建筑物內(nèi) 部時(shí)，用 in.女口： at school, at home, in beijing, in china, at/in the library.題：he'll arriveshanghai tomorrow .3. at a .price 以一種的價(jià)格：we got it at a very low/good price.4. afford表"買得起,負(fù)擔(dān)的起"，常與can, be able to, could等表"能"的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。 i

12、 can afford a car. he isn't able to afford (to buy)a car.5. have a look 看一看 let me have a look.have a look at.看一看某物 let me have a look at your watch.6. on sale (廉價(jià))出售：the clothes are on sale.7. in +顏色： we have t-shirts in red/ green.(此處 in 表"處于某種狀態(tài)) do you know the girl in red ?(此處 in 表“穿著”

13、)8. for是一個(gè)介詞，用法有： 為：i can do anything for you. 給：this letter is for you. 對(duì)于 it is important for us to learn english well. 適合于 books for children. (表時(shí)間,距離，數(shù)量)達(dá),計(jì):111 stay there for a week.9. help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事(help后接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)訶原形)10. too, as well, also, either 都表“也,不同用法有: too和as well都用于肯定句末，可互

14、換，但too前常用逗號(hào)隔開.i'm a student. he is a student as well/too. also用于肯定句中(位于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前)如：he is also a student. he also likes english. either 用于否定句末。i'm not a student, he isn't a student either.11. 短語(yǔ):learn about 學(xué)習(xí)'了解 know about 得知，了解12. 短語(yǔ)：on weekends13. 名詞所有格：名詞1(意思是“.的)有生命的名詞所有格

15、，一般在后加"s但注意： 表兩者共有則在后者加"'s ，表"各自的則分別在每人頭上加 lucy and lil/s father西和莉莉的父親(共有的) jim's and lily's fathers吉姆的父親和莉莉的父親.(jim和lily各自的)以s結(jié)尾的詞只加女口： the boys'books(2)james' father無(wú)生命的名詞所有格用of來(lái)引導(dǎo)如：the leg of the desk雙重所有格：a friend of my father'sa friend of mine ( v ) a fri

16、end of my( x )14. 不用冠詞的幾種情況：(1)在星期、月份、季節(jié)前不用冠詞on monday; in january; in winter. 學(xué)科名詞前l(fā)earn english(3)球類，棋類等運(yùn)動(dòng)及早、中、晚三餐名詞前()1. mary iscleverer of the two girls.a. the b. a c. an d. much()2.young must look afterold.a. the; a b. the; the c. a; a d. a; the()3.earth is one ofplanets.a. the; sun's b. th

17、e; the sun c. the; the sun's d. the; the suns'()4. kate sometimes playsviolin (小提琴)and sometimes playstable tennis before supper.a. /; the b. the ; / c. the ; the d. / ； /key: abcd15. what time表"幾點(diǎn)",常用來(lái)問(wèn)小時(shí)間;when表"什么時(shí)候",既可以問(wèn)小時(shí)間(=what time)，也可以問(wèn)大時(shí)間,如：哪年，哪月,哪天,此時(shí)不用whattime。w

18、hat time/ when do you get up?-at six o'clock.when is your birthday?一it's november second.16. listen聽，是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接接賓語(yǔ)，需加to才能接賓語(yǔ)。如;please listen me. (x) -> please listen to me.(v)類似的詞有：wait for等；look at看著；arrive at/in到達(dá)；get to到達(dá)；go to去; talk about 談?wù)?talk with/to 和某人談17. around常作介詞，表： 在周圍 w

19、e sat around the table. 大約 (=about) : i usually get up around 6 o'clock. 至lj處 around the world = all over the world = throughout the world 全世界18. start/ begin doing sth. = start / begin to do sth.開始做某事。i started to learn/ learning english at the age of 6.但有3種情況后只能跟to doo主語(yǔ)是物。begin和start木身為ing形式。

20、它們后的動(dòng)詞 與想法，感情有關(guān)時(shí)。所以當(dāng)兩個(gè)答案同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)選to do.(l)the trees begin green. (a. to turn b. turning)1 am beginning my homework. (a. to do b doing) she startedme. (a. to un d erst a nd b. un d erst a nding )19. tell sb. about 告訴某人關(guān)于please tell me about yourself.tell sb. sth.告訴某人某事：please tell me the truth.#辨析間;ta

21、lk; say; speaktell表"告訴，講述"，常后接人或事情作賓語(yǔ)。tell me the truth.talk表“交談，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與with/to/about搭配使用再接賓語(yǔ)say表"說(shuō)"后接說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容做賓語(yǔ)。i say: you are wrong.speak表"講"后直接接某種語(yǔ)言作賓語(yǔ)。speak english.題： (1) our english teacher oftenus stories in englisha. tells b. speaks c. talks d. says(2) i don'

22、;t understand what you said can you it in englisha. tell b. speak c. talk d. say20. take sb. to 某地(送某人到某地)the bus usually takes him to work at 19:15.take sth with sb.某人隨身帶著：don't forget to take a camera with you.in the morning在（每天）早晨；on a morning在（某天）早晨【總結(jié)】in用于大時(shí)間前（年，月，周）或用于一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)中。on用于具體某一天前，或某

23、天 上午，下午等前。at用于小時(shí)間前（幾點(diǎn)幾分）題：1.the morning2.mon day morning3.a rainy evening4.3:505._20026.the morning of april 107.spring8.night9this time10. marchkey: in; on; in; at; in; on; in; at; at; in21. 短語(yǔ)：tell sb. about sth.告訴某人有關(guān).的情況 please write to me and tell me about your moring.22. 短語(yǔ):write to sb.寫信給某人二

24、write a letter to sb.23. tired疲勞的，累的【短語(yǔ)】be tired from/ with因而疲勞he is tired from work.(2)厭煩的【短語(yǔ)】be tired of (doing) sth.厭煩(做)某事 i am tired of studying.24. busy表"繁忙的短語(yǔ)有：be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 we are busy preparing our exams these days.25. strict表“嚴(yán)格的,短語(yǔ)有：(1) be strict with sb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求 his father

25、is strict with him.(2) be strict in sth.對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格要求 we should be strict in (doing) our work.26. ask表“問(wèn)；要求；邀請(qǐng)等，常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)有：(1) ask sb. about sth.詢問(wèn)某人有關(guān)的情況。he often asks me about the weather.(2) ask/tell sb. to do sth.要求某人去做某事 my father always asks me to study hard.(3) ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物：the beggar often as

26、ks me some food.那個(gè)乞丐經(jīng)常.(4) ask sb. for help 向某人尋求幫助 you can ask the police for help.27. any常用于疑問(wèn)句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，否定句中.(1) 用于疑問(wèn)句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，否定句中，表"一些"。 are there any people ? if you have any trouble, please let me know. i have some sisters, but not any brothers.(2) 用于肯定句中,表"任何”,如：come any day you

27、like.【擴(kuò)展】any構(gòu)成的不定代詞(anything, anybody, anywhere)的用法同any.28. before表“在.之前，可作介詞或引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。注意下列同義句。before going there, i know it is a beautiful place.(作介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞,簡(jiǎn)單句)=before i go there, i know it is a beautiful place.(作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,復(fù)合句) 【擴(kuò)展】反義詞after的用法同before.29. after 短語(yǔ)：after class 課后；after school 放學(xué)

28、后；after lunch 午餐后30. 短語(yǔ)：call sb. at + 電話號(hào)：please call me 5689000.四、語(yǔ)法i. 詞法1、名詞a）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可 數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：） 在后而力 h so 女口： fathers, books, america ns, germa ns, apples, ba nanas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 eso 如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母

29、加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如:baby-babies, family-families, dutyduties, comedy comedies, documentarydocumentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的直接加 so 如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s （外來(lái)詞）o女0： radios, photos,但如是輔音加o的加es：如： tomatoes西紅柿，potatoes馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es（s）o 女口: knife-knives

30、, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子，chinese, japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察,class班, 同學(xué),family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie

31、-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。 女口： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚fishes魚的種類,paper紙papers報(bào)紙,卷子， 論文,work工作works作品，工廠,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水oranges 橙子,light光線lights燈,people人peoples民族,time時(shí)間times時(shí)代,次數(shù),chicken雞肉 chickens 小

32、雞十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或so女ii： ls（r s）,ks（k' s）。但如 是縮略詞則只加s。如:ids, vcds, sars十二） 特殊形式的有:child-children, manmen, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmenb）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表哲某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加's。如：brother' s, mike' s, teacher' s二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)

33、尾的直接在s后加'，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如： teachersj day 教師節(jié),classmatesj ; children' s day 7一節(jié),women? s day 三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)'s, 但分別擁有吋卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。女口： mike and ben s room邁克和本的房間（共住 一間），mike' sand ben' s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱單數(shù) i me my mi

34、ne myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves笫二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱單數(shù) she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞a）第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)吋，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下：） 般在詞后力口 so 女口： comes

35、, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后rfles。女口： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try- tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加eso如:does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasb）現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，

36、不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：）般在后加 ing。女口： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play- playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音 e 的結(jié)尾的去掉 e 再加 ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾口一個(gè)元音字母+個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show-

37、showing,draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加 ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get- getting,let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ingo如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在詞后加er或est（如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st）。如：greater-greatest, shorter - shortest,taller - tallest, longer 一

38、 iongest, nicernicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且個(gè)元音字母+ 1個(gè)輔音字母（字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest）結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加 er/esto 如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot- hotter hottest三）以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 加 er/esto 如：happy-happier happiest, sorry- sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest（more friendly mos

39、t friendly）, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：（兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn)）good/well better best many/much - more most bad/ill - worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞（基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th； y 結(jié)尾，變?yōu)?i, eth 跟上去。）first, second,

40、third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twentytwentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetiethii. 句式1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有:1.陳述句肯定陳述句a) this is a book, (be 動(dòng)詞)b) he looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)c) i want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) i can bring some things to scho

41、ol.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) there' s a computer on my desk仃here be 結(jié)構(gòu)) 否定陳述句 a) these aren' t their books.b) they don' t look nice.c) kate doesn' t go to no. 4 middle school.d) kate catfind her doll.e) there isn t a cat here. (=there，sno cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) please go and ask the man.b) let? s l

42、earn english!c) come in, please否定祈使句a) don，t be late.b) don' t hurry.3. 疑問(wèn)句1) 一般疑問(wèn)句 a) is jim a student?b) can i help you?c) does she like salad?d) do they watch tv?e) is she reading?肯定冋答:a) yes, he is.b) yes, you can.c) yes, she doesd) yes, they do.e) yes, she is.否定回答：a) no, he isn t.b) no, you

43、 cat.c) no, she doesn t.d) no, they don' t.e) no, she isn, t.2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句 is the table big or small?回答 it' s big./ it* s small.3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句 問(wèn)年齡 how old is lucy? she is twelve. 問(wèn)種類 what kind of movies do you like? i like action movies and comedies. 問(wèn)身體狀況 how is your uncle? he is well/fine. 問(wèn)方式 how do

44、/can you spell it? l-double o-k.how do we con tact you? my mail address is cindyj on es163.co m. 問(wèn)原因 why do you want to join the club? 問(wèn)時(shí)間 what' s the time? (=what time is it?) it" s a quarter to ten a.m.what time do you usually get up, rick? at five o' clockwhen do you want to go? let' s go at 7:00. 問(wèn)地方 where* s my backpack? it* s under the table. 問(wèn)顏色 what color are they? they are light blue.what' s your favourite color? it' s black.