形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)講解

1、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)英語中大多數(shù)形容詞是可以分級(jí)的，一般有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。原級(jí)形容詞的本來形式就是形容詞的原級(jí)。用原級(jí)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)可以使用下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.       表示比較的雙方相等，用”asas”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“前者像后者一樣”，即A + be + as + 形容詞原級(jí) + as + B.e.g.      John is astall as his brother.2.       表示比較的雙方不相等，用”not

2、 asas”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“前者不如后者”，即A + be + not as + 形容詞原級(jí) + as + B.    e.g.      John is not as tall as his brother.比較級(jí)當(dāng)把一個(gè)人或物同另外一個(gè)人或物比較時(shí)，就需要用到形容詞比較級(jí)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：A + be + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B.e.g.      Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei最高

3、級(jí)三者或者三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，需要使用形容詞的最高級(jí)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：A + be + the 形容詞最高級(jí) + of / in + 比較范圍. (Note: 形容詞最高級(jí)前面要加 定冠詞 the)e.g.      Jackei is the tallest in our class.    or       Jackei is the tallest of all the students.比較級(jí)的幾種用法：1，表示倍數(shù)，  &#

4、160; A+be+數(shù)詞+times+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B  Our room is twice larger than theirs.  我們的房間是他們的兩倍大注：兩倍為twice而不是two times.2，表示大多少，多多少，高多少等   A+be+數(shù)量詞+比較級(jí)+than+BShe is two years older than me她比我大兩歲3，用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)A+be+比較級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞，或者，A+be+比較級(jí)+than+the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 He is taller than any

5、 other student in the class.他比班上其他的同學(xué)都高。4，兩個(gè)中比較的  A+the+比較級(jí)+of the twoHe is the cleverer of the two他是這兩個(gè)中比較聰明的5，越來越More and more 注：這里的more代表比較級(jí)，而不是說一定是more,如，說，越來越聰明就該說，cleverer and cleverer.一般和動(dòng)詞get,become（變得）連用  He is getting more and more handsome  It is becoming cheaper and cheape

6、r   5, 越就越     The morethe more 注：此處的more和上面一樣，代表比較幾   The richer you are, the happier you will be   6, more than多余，超過，相當(dāng)于over，less than少于，不足。He is more than(over) 80 years oldI have less than five yuan.  7, 修飾比較級(jí)的程度可用a lot, many, far,a bit,much

7、,等，但不能用very quite等I feel much better now我現(xiàn)在感覺好多了。形容詞不同級(jí)別的變化1.       規(guī)則形容詞的變化ID構(gòu)成方式原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1一般情況，直接加詞尾 er 或者 esttallyoungtalleryoungertallestyoungest2以 e 結(jié)尾的，加 r 或 stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest3以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾的，把 y i, 再加 er 或 esthappybusyhappierbusierhappiestbusiest4以重讀

8、閉音節(jié)(輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu))結(jié)尾的，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加 er 或 est .bighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest5雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)的形容詞可以在形容詞原級(jí)前直接加 more / less或most / least 構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)usefulcarefuldifficultexpensivemore usefulmore carefulmore difficultless expensivemost usefulmost carefulmost difficultleast expensive2.  &

9、#160;    不規(guī)則形容詞的變化ID原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1goodbetterbest2wellbetterbest3badworseworst4manymoremost5muchmoremost6littlelessleast7farfarther , furtherfarthest , furthest8fewfewerfewest9oldolder , elderoldest , eldest補(bǔ)充 用于不可數(shù)名詞用于可數(shù)名詞表示多muchmorethe mostmanymorethe most表示少littlelessthe leastfewfew

10、erthe fewest須注意的：一、從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，比較級(jí)前面不能用very,so,too, quite等作修飾詞，但為了表示比較級(jí)的程度，可以用much,a lot,a little,a bit,even,still等作修飾詞。例如：This box is much heavier than that one.這只箱子比那只箱子重得多。另外，比較級(jí)后面往往用連詞than連接另一個(gè)比較的人或事物，但在上下文明確的情況下，形容詞比較級(jí)可單獨(dú)使用。例如：This ruler is very long,but that one is longer.這把尺子很長，那把尺子更長。形容詞最高級(jí)前通常要加th

11、e。但是，當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)前有序數(shù)詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時(shí)，最高級(jí)前不加the。如：The Chang jiang River is the longest river in China.長江是中國第一大河。He is our best teacher.他是我們最好的老師。最高級(jí)后面往往用of或in介詞短語來表示形容詞的最高級(jí)的比較范圍。of短語所指的范圍通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一個(gè)場所；如果指一個(gè)場所，則用介詞in。例如：     He is the strongest of the three.他是三個(gè)人中身體最強(qiáng)壯的。&

12、#160;   He is the strongest in our class.他是我們班里身體最強(qiáng)壯的。二、從范圍上看，如果在同一范圍內(nèi)，形容詞的比較級(jí)必須把自己排除掉，即自己不能及自己相比，而最高級(jí)必須包含自己。例如：1.他比他班的任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。誤：He is taller than any student in his class.(he包括在any student里面)正：He is taller than any other student in his class.(any other student里面已排除了he)2.這塊手表是所有手表中最好的。誤：T

13、his watch is the best of all the other watches.(all the other watches不包含前面的this watch)正：This watch is the best of all the watches.(all the watches包含前面的this watch)注意：如果不在同一范圍內(nèi)，比較級(jí)就不必把前面的主語排除掉。例如：        Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia.上海比澳大利亞任何城市都大。(上海

14、不屬于澳大利亞，所以city前不必加other)試比較：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海比中國任何一座城市都大形容詞的比較級(jí)專項(xiàng) 一、 變化規(guī)則； 1、 規(guī)則變化：（1）單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er或est：bright _ _; 以不發(fā)音的e字母結(jié)尾的加r,或st：large; 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為I加er或est:easy； 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加er或est: big 以er，ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er 或est:clever slow （2）多音節(jié)詞前加more或most

15、, 副詞最高級(jí)前省略the. (3) 部分形容詞本身表示最高級(jí)，因此他們沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：favourite round 2、 不規(guī)則變化： good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; old; 注：只有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：clever old far 二、 形容詞各等級(jí)的用法： 1、 原級(jí)（同級(jí)）比較：asas; not as(so)as Well give you as much help as we can. She isnt as(so)active in sports as before. 2

16、. 比較級(jí)：表示兩者之間比 更可用狀語much, a little, even等修飾： He made fewer mistakes than I did. He is even richer than I. 3、 高級(jí)：形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加the, 副詞最高級(jí)前常省略the，后面多用of， in短語表示范圍： It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened. He is the tallest of the three. 4、 如果在兩者之間表示“最”時(shí)要在比較級(jí)前加the，而且還用of the two, of the

17、 pair短語： John is the clever of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the clever. 三、 重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)： 1、 asas結(jié)構(gòu)：你和湯姆是一樣好的孩子。 Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom. 2、 (1)tooto及 sothat sb.cant的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：前者為簡單句，主語只有一個(gè)，而后者為復(fù)合句，主語有兩個(gè)，試比較： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry

18、 that he wasnt able to speak. The milk was too hot to drink. The milk was so hot that we cant drink it. (2) tooto及 not enough to句型的轉(zhuǎn)換： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、 形容詞原級(jí)表

19、示比較級(jí)含義： 約翰不象邁克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、 用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)：約翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. John is taller than :any other boy. any of the other boy. all the other boy. any

20、of the others. any one else. 5、 the more. the more.表示“越越”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more.表示“越來越”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 四、

21、 鞏固練習(xí)： （一） 寫出下列形容詞及副詞的比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_ (二)用所給詞的正確形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黃金) is _ (little) useful than iron(鐵). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4

22、. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(

23、well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive) (三)選擇填空： 1 He feels _ today than yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 2. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. wo

24、rst 3. Of the two toys, the child chose_. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them 4. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 5. The earth is _ the moon. A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times a

25、s bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times 6. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 7. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older 8. The garden is becoming _. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 9. Th