語法專項(xiàng)提升--非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞鎖定高考考點(diǎn)看看高考考什么考點(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語1. （2013福建卷）basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly toemergencies.a. knownb.having knownc knowingd being known2. （2011 北京卷）it's important for the figuresregularly.a to be updated （更新）b.to have been updatedc,to updated.to have updated考點(diǎn)二iii非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語3.

2、（2013-湖南卷）warm at night, i would fill the woodstove, then set my alarmclock for midnight so i could refill it.a. stayingb. stayedc. to stayd. stay4. （2013安徽卷）in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiringchildren's love of art.a. to foundb. foundingc foundedd. having founded5. （2013-四川

3、卷）which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher foradvice.a. not knowingc. not knownb. knowing notd. known not6. a.c.（2013-ill 東卷）having eateneatat the cafeteria before, tina didn't wantb. to eatd. eatingto cat there again.考點(diǎn)三非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語7. （2013寸匕京卷）volunteering gives you a chancelives, in

4、cluding your own.a. changeb. changingc changedd to change8. （2013-天津卷）in some languages, 1（x） words make 叩 half of all wordsin dailyconversations.a.usingbto usein one corner.c. having usedd.used9. （2013-山東卷）the room is empty except for a bookshelfa standingb to standc-standsd.stood1（）. （2013四丿11卷）th

5、e airportnext year will help promote tourism in this area.a being completedb. to be completed考點(diǎn)四c completedd having been completed非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語11 （2（） 13江蘇卷）shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake andto ruins,the city took on a new looka reducingb reducedc being reducedd having reduced12. （2012

6、彳苗建卷）china recently tightened its waters controls near the huangyan island to prevent chinese fishing boats fromin the south china sea.a attackingb having attackedc. being attackedd. having been attacked考點(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語13. （2013重慶卷）the engine just wont start.something seemswrong with it.a. to gob- to hav

7、e gonec goingd having gone14. （2010-福建卷）in april, thousands of holidaymakers remainedabroad due to thevolcanic ash clouda. stickingb. stuckc. to be stuckd to have stuck考點(diǎn)六iii非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)15- （2013-新課標(biāo)卷 1 ）thcy might just have a placeon the writing course一whydont you give it a try?a. leaveb. leftc. leavin

8、gd. to leave16. （2013-北京卷）when we saw the roadwith snow, we decided to spend theholiday at home.a. blockb- to blockc. blockingd. blocked©反思領(lǐng)悟：1. 以下兩條“黃金法則”是解決現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞區(qū)別的最佳方法。 “八字方針”即“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行；被動(dòng)完成”?，F(xiàn)在分訶表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；過公分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成。 “兩個(gè)參照物”句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞和句子主語的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可以判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式；根據(jù)非謂 語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系，可以判斷非

9、謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。2. to be done, done, being done的選擇是考試的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。雖然這三者都表示被動(dòng)意義, 但所表示的吋間不同。done表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；to be done表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；being done表示止在進(jìn)行 的動(dòng)作。匚突破重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn).把脈高考探究什么一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語1. 動(dòng)邇司作主語（2013浙江高考）hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.聆聽別人對(duì)你剛才所讀的書的反應(yīng)會(huì)增如額外的樂趣。it is no use crying

10、over spilt milk（動(dòng)名詞短語作主語,it作形式主語）覆水難收。2. 不定式作主語、，to see is to believe./seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。it is important to respect people.（不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語）尊重別人很重要。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語1. 動(dòng)名詞作表語吋，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。the ant queen's work is laying eggs.蟻后的工作就是產(chǎn)卵。2. 不定式作表語吋，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來的動(dòng)作。his ambition is to go to harva

11、rd university.他的夢(mèng)想就是上哈佛大學(xué)。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語1 動(dòng)詞 afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等后要接不定式作賓語。david refused to accept my invitation.人衛(wèi)拒絕接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2. 動(dòng)詞come, get, grow后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，意為"逐漸地”。she has a hot temper, but you will grow to like h

12、er.她脾冬很急，但你會(huì)漸漸喜歡她的。3. 動(dòng)i討 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest 等后要接動(dòng)訶形式作賓語。bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the expo during the vacation.比爾建議牙一個(gè)關(guān)于假期期間為世博會(huì)做些什么的會(huì)議。4. zjji訶短語 can&

13、#39;t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote.to, object to, be busy （in）, get down to, have difficulty/troublc （in）, have a good/wondcrful/hard time （in）, have fun 等后要接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語。（2010上海高考）1 had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that

14、 restaurant.在那個(gè)餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。5. 動(dòng)詞like, love, prefer, hate, continue等后接不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語均可。 但表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，表示具體的行為要用不定式。i like swimming, but i don't like to swim this afternoon.我喜歡游泳，但今天下午不想去。6. 動(dòng)詞need, require, want作“需要”講吋，其后要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)或不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作賓語。與此相同用法的動(dòng)詞還有deserve得”。the window nee

15、ds clcaning/to be clcancd.窗戶需要擦了。7. 形容詞worth后要接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，它不同于worthy的用the summer palace is worth visiting/worthy of being visited/worthy to be visited.頤和 園值得一去。8. 介詞后一般要接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語吋，如血 而有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,不定式就要省略s。upon airiving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.剛到

16、機(jī)場(chǎng)，他就發(fā)表了重要演講。he has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.無事可做，他只能躺下睡覺。9. 動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等后可接不定式作賓語，但賓語后 要接形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，而且要用i（作形式賓語。he found it difficult to work out the problem.他發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這一問題很難。10. 可用動(dòng)詞-ing,也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動(dòng)詞：to do slh.忘記去做某事（耒做）f°gct doing sth.忘記做過某事（已

17、做）regreto do sth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾（未做） doing sth.対做過的事表示后悔（已做）jto do sth.盡力去做某事【doing sth.試著做某事jto do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事 doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來做的事jto do sth.記著去做某事（未做） 沁mbe仏兩h.記著做了某事（己做）to do sth打算做某事 doing sth.意味著做某事（2009陜西高考）1 still remember being taken to the famen temple and what i saw there. 我仍記彳號(hào)豈人競(jìng)我去過法門寺，并記得在那里所看

18、到的一切。（2012安徽高考）1 remembered to lock the door before i left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.在離開辦公室前我記住了關(guān)門，但是忘記了關(guān)燈。四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1 現(xiàn)在分詞（觸語）作定語與所修飾的名詞z間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作 的主動(dòng)和羋行。、（2013遼寧高考）laura was away in paris for over a week.when she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.laura

19、去巴黎待了一周多的時(shí)間。當(dāng)她返回家的時(shí)候，冇一大堆郵件等著她（處理）。2.過去分詞（短語）作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng) 或完成。（2013湖南高考）丫011 cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts. 你不能接受別人提供給你的意見，除非它冇事實(shí)依據(jù)。3不定式作定語表未做的事情；動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語表示此動(dòng)作與被修飾詞之間是主 動(dòng)關(guān)系；過去分詞作定語時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與被修飾詞z間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或已完成。his first book to be published next mont

20、h is based on a true story.他下月將要出版的第一本書是以一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事為依據(jù)寫的。注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞-ing翌式，意為“令人的”；動(dòng)詞-cd形式，意為“（人） 感到的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名詞。五、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語（一）不定式作狀語1. 表目的（20131丨丨東高考）1 stopped the car to take a short break as i was fccline tired.由于感到累了，我就停下車稍微休息了一下。2表示結(jié)果不定式作結(jié)、果狀語常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞

21、不定式前面常加onlye（20121丨【東高考）george returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來，卻被告知他的妻子己經(jīng)離他而去。（二）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式即doing表示動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)或兒乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，與句了的主語 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式即having done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作z前。（2013湖南高考）the sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light. 太陽開拔在至t

22、升起，使山巒沐浴在金色光輝之中。（2013-新課標(biāo)卷 ii ）1 got to the office earlier that day, having caught the 7 : 30 train from paddington.那天我比平吋到辦公宗的吋間要早，因?yàn)槲亿s上了 7 ： 30從paddington來的火車。（2012重慶高考）having been asked to work overtime that evening, i missed a wonderful film（被動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作z前）我那天晩上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)粹彩的電影。（三）過去

23、分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，與句子主語z間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.從山頂上看，這座城市很漂亮。，seeing from the top of the hilh we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā) 現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。六、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)1.感官動(dòng)詞（詞組）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的賓語補(bǔ) 足語冇四種形式，以see為例：doing

24、 sth.看見正做（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏do s（h.看見做了輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系）see+賓語+<being done看見 被做done看見被做止在（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系）（2012四川高考）1 looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its break我扌a頭看，注意到一條蛇正沿樹蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。i heard an english song being sung by a little girl when i passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間吋，

25、我聽見一個(gè)小女孩正在唱英文歌。（被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行） i was surprised to find my hometown changed so much發(fā)現(xiàn)我的家鄉(xiāng)變化如此之大我感到很驚奇。2. 使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have, get后加復(fù)合賓語的情況："do讓做（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系）（t+兵語+仏讓被做、（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系）"do讓做（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系）let+賓語+<,、占皿be done止被做、（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系）don't let your child play with matches.別讓你的

26、空玩火柴。(2() 13陜兩高考)let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. 讓那些需要(幫助)的人明白我們會(huì)盡全力去幫他們。(3)have+ 賓語+<do sth使 doing sth使做某事持續(xù)（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏'輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系）done使被做（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上 、的被動(dòng)關(guān)系）（2011陜 西高考）claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.claire在飛機(jī)起飛一小時(shí)前對(duì)行李進(jìn)行了安檢。、he had the

27、 light burning all night, which made his parents very angry他讓燈亮了整晚，這 使他父母很生氣。注意：©have sth.to do有事怙嚶做；have sb.doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍” z意。i worf i have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允許你和你父親那樣講話。、z（賓語與賓 補(bǔ)為邏輯上 的主動(dòng)關(guān)系）fm sorry, i can，t go out with you.i have an urgent thing to settle.對(duì)不起，我不能與

28、你一起 外出，我有一件緊急的事情耍處理。to do sth.使做、doing sth.使開始做（4）get+賓語+<done使被做（賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系）he got me to post the letter for him.他讓我替他寄信。the captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了 片刻之jg 上尉 讓士兵們”始、朝前線行進(jìn)起來。(2010遼寧高考)alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical cir

29、cles.alexander試圖使他的工作被醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)可。<sb./sth.doing（表主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行，或表特征） sth.being done（表示被動(dòng)且進(jìn)行） sth.done（表被動(dòng)且完成，或表狀態(tài)） .sth.to do（表示將來）john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted i匸 約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而n他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀請(qǐng)。with a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly electe

30、d president is having a hard time. 因?yàn)橛泻芏嚯y題要解決，這位新任總統(tǒng)的日了不好過。演練命題熱點(diǎn)對(duì)接高考集訓(xùn)什么how to hold the party for several days, the1. （2014-四川省綿陽市第二次診斷）. children finally reached agreement.a. discussedb. discussingc to discussd. having discussed2. （2014-江西師人附中、鷹潭一中高三聯(lián)考）一why do you hang that photograph above the fi

31、replace?一visitors of the memorial days of long march, sir.a. remindingb. to remindc. remindedd. reminds3. （2014-濰訪五校聯(lián)考）many trees, flowers and grasslook even more beautiful.a. to be plantedb. being plantedc. plantingd. having planted4. （2014安徽馬鞍山高三兩校第二次統(tǒng)考）unfortunately we rushed the fallen old man t

32、ohospital, that we were responsible for him.a. only tellingb- only to tellc only toldd. only to be told5. （2014石家莊市高三模擬）when i got back home i saw a note pinned to the door,“sorry to miss you； 1 will call you later.v a. readb- readsc to readd. reading6. （2014-山東省膠東示范學(xué)校二模）more children in beijing wil

33、l reach school age next、 a shortage of primary school teachers in the capitala. createb. to createc creatingd. created7. （2014-濟(jì)南 4 月鞏固性訓(xùn)練）in my opinion, keeping dogs well.for dog owners.a. to ticb- being tiedc tiedd. to be tied8. （2014-濟(jì)南市名校第四次診斷性測(cè)試）despite the government's measures to cool the

34、house market, housing demand in china still grew steadily in the second half of 2012,arapid rise in house prices.a. resulted inc resulting in9. （2014-四川省綿陽市第三次診斷）confident.a having dressedb. being dressedc. dressingd. dressed10. （2014-河南省普通高小適應(yīng)性檢測(cè)卷一）people spend many years learning aboutfavorite spo

35、rts andhow to do them well.practiceb. practicedpracticingd to practice（2014廈門適應(yīng)性考試）helena was excited, just as i had imagined,our newly built school willyear,a.c.11.（導(dǎo)致）b.pet.up is advisablein the second half of 2012,to result ind. being resulted inin her favorite skirt, she seemed to be moreher losta. findingb. foundc. having foundd. to find12. （2014-東北四市模擬一 ）一what