教案課程被動(dòng)語態(tài)(共15頁)

1、C(被動(dòng)語態(tài))課堂導(dǎo)入 （3分鐘）越來越多的人在玩這個(gè)游戲。這個(gè)游戲被越來越多的人玩?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ) （30分鐘） 扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)【】 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) be + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞【】 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰：This watch is made in China. 這塊手表是中國制造。2.沒有必要支出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰： More trees must be planted every year. 每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in

2、the world. 世界上越來越多的人在說漢語。4.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是指人： Many houses were washed away by the floor. 許多房子被洪水沖走了?！尽?主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 變 被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.要將主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。2.把主動(dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格帶刺變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。3.謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)。例：We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us

3、. 帶雙賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞 變 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 謂語動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語。 若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留直接賓語； 若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加介詞to 或者 for。 例，She gave me a book.（變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)） I was given a book by her.(間接賓語me 改為主語) A book was given to me by her.（直接賓語a book改為主語） 動(dòng)詞短語 變 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 許多由不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 注意：動(dòng)詞短語

4、是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。 例，We should take good care of the children. The children should be taken care of.帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞 變 被動(dòng)句賓語加上賓語補(bǔ)足語 一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在遠(yuǎn)處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。 例，I saw some boys playing football on the playground. Some boys were seen playing football on the playground被

5、動(dòng)語態(tài)后 動(dòng)詞形式的選擇主動(dòng)句中的感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, feel, notice 等 和使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have 等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to. 例，We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.【】 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)【趁熱打鐵】1. A new club in our school at the beginning of this year and

6、 now it has many members. A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：年初，我們學(xué)校 一個(gè)新俱樂部。目前，它已經(jīng)吸納了很多會(huì)員。本題主語為動(dòng)作承受者，需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“at the beginning of this year ”可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選D?；仡櫺〗Y(jié) （2分鐘） 根據(jù)圖像注意主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)之間的切換，主語與賓語的正確寫法； 通過表格，要認(rèn)識(shí)并掌握每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)所表達(dá)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及正確書寫格式。C(易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析)專題導(dǎo)入（） （3分鐘）被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，時(shí)常伴隨著

7、時(shí)態(tài)的改變，認(rèn)真注意每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，防止走入誤區(qū)。 堅(jiān)定步伐易錯(cuò)清單1. 主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)(1)open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, cut, burn, drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),它們的主語為物,可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。如:Mo Yan's novels sell well. 莫言的小說很好賣(銷路好)。(2)表示感覺的連系動(dòng)詞如feel, look, smell, sound, taste等后跟表語時(shí),總是用其主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,它們不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:The table feels smooth.這張桌子摸起來很光滑。(3)在be worth

8、 doing（值得做）中,doing表被動(dòng)意義。 The book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一讀。(4)want/need/require +doing相當(dāng)于want/need/ require +to be done。如:The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned. 圖書館需要打掃了。2. 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況(1)當(dāng)謂語是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這樣的及物動(dòng)詞有have, become, cost, reach, sell, arrive, fit, hold, ow

9、n, suit等。如:We have a good teacher.我們有一位好老師。The classroom holds 80 students.這間教室容納80個(gè)學(xué)生。(2)及物動(dòng)詞的賓語為反身代詞、相互代詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、同源賓語時(shí),都沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:The boy taught himself English. 這男孩自學(xué)英語。We help each other. 我們互相幫助。(3)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式時(shí),很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:She likes to swim. 她喜歡游泳。3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞“be+過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)既可以是被動(dòng)語態(tài),也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。這兩種

10、結(jié)構(gòu)主要的區(qū)別是:被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,系表結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。我們還可以通過以下方法來判斷:(1)從形式上來看,被動(dòng)語態(tài)往往接by施動(dòng)者,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)往往有固定的搭配,如be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with等。如:We were surprised at the unexpected news.聽到這個(gè)意外消息,我們感到驚訝。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))注意:句中有“by+人”時(shí),多用被動(dòng)語態(tài);而“by+物”時(shí),多屬系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The house was surrounded b

11、y the police.這房子被警察包圍了。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))The house was surrounded by trees.這房子四周都是樹。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),表示靜止的狀態(tài))(2)從時(shí)態(tài)上來看,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be時(shí)態(tài)要與動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一致;而系表結(jié)構(gòu)的be只有一般時(shí)或完成時(shí),表示目前或過去的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如:This window was broken by Kate yesterday.這窗戶是凱特昨天打破的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))This glass is broken. 這塊玻璃是破的。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),指目前的狀態(tài))(3)從句中的狀語來看,過去分詞前有well, very, quite等副詞修飾的是系表結(jié)構(gòu);

12、若句中有時(shí)間、方式或目的狀語時(shí),一般為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:The play is well written.這劇本寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The play was written with great care. 這劇本是非常用心地寫出來的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài),有方式狀語)(4)被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及物動(dòng)詞。如:My pen is gone. 我的鋼筆不見了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The sun is risen. 太陽升起來了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))回顧小結(jié) （2分鐘）T(專項(xiàng)練習(xí))專題導(dǎo)入 用雙手，成就你的夢想。在解答被動(dòng)語態(tài)題時(shí)首先要判

13、斷主語和動(dòng)作的關(guān)系,如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,則該句為主動(dòng)句;如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,則該句為被動(dòng)句。依據(jù)句子意思做出正確選擇?！纠?】(2014·浙江寧波·30) I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subwaylast month.? A. was testedB. is testedC. testsD. tested【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。由句意“我聽說上個(gè)月寧波一號(hào)鐵路線被檢測了”判斷,句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受著,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),last month是一般過去的時(shí)間狀語,因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼【例2】(2013·

14、;湖北孝感·38)Many treeson the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now.?A. plantB. are plantedC. plantedD. were planted【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)“every year”得知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語是many trees,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),因此選B?！敬鸢浮緽 【例3】(2013·湖南益陽·30)The sports meeting next month.?A. will holdB. is going to holdC. wi

15、ll be held【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。主語the sports meeting不能執(zhí)行謂語動(dòng)詞hold,是hold的承受者,需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。next month說明句子用一般將來時(shí)態(tài),其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為:will be held。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾2. 正確判斷時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)離不開時(shí)態(tài)。考生要牢記各種時(shí)態(tài),掌握被動(dòng)句的構(gòu)成,不能混淆。依據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語或上下文暗示,分析判斷句子時(shí)態(tài)。【例4】(2014·江蘇南京·13)We're sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in th

16、e near future.?A. improvedB. was improved C. has improvedD. will be improved【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。句意:我們相信我們城市的環(huán)境在不久的將來通過我們的工作將被大大改善?！庇删渲械膇n the near future判斷,該句要用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式,所以選D?！敬鸢浮緿【例5】(2013·江西·35)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book into French as soon as it came

17、 out.?A. was translatedB. translatedC. is translatedD. translates【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài) 根據(jù)題干his new book 和 translate 的關(guān)系,應(yīng)該選擇被動(dòng)語態(tài),又根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語從句as soon as it came out 是一般過去時(shí)態(tài),可知“被翻譯”也是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼 【例6】(2013·浙江寧波·35)Have you finished your project?Not yet. I'll finish it if Iten more minutes.?A. give

18、B. am givenC. will giveD. will be given【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:如果再給我十分鐘我會(huì)完成它。主語與動(dòng)詞give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,在條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。故選B。【答案】B.【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】1. ( 2014·深圳·18) It's reported that some capsules(膠囊)are really bad our health.?Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible?A. to;is solvedB. for;has

19、solved C. to;was solvedD. for;will be solved2. ( 2014·廣東模擬·43)Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of the road last year. Oh, beautiful they are!?A. have been planted;whatB. were planted;whatC. were planted;how D. have been planted;what3. ( 2014·浙江模擬二·21) Can you play the piec

20、e of music for us,Cathy?Of course. It many times.?A. teachesB. is taughtC. has been taughtD. taught4. (2013·陜西)The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.?A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took5. (2013·河北)Driving after drinking wine in China.?A. allowsB. doesn't allowC. is allowe

21、dD. isn't allowed6. (2013·重慶)Ito take part in the English speech contest last week.?A. askB. askedC. am askedD. was asked7. (2013·湖南岳陽)May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry,itby my sister just now.?A. was brokenB. is brokenC. broke8. (2013·江蘇南京)I'm glad to find that many trees in our city last year.?A. plantB. plantedC. were plantedD. are planted9. (2013·安徽)Do you have any problems if you this job?Well,I'm thinking about the working day.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered參考答案與解析1. D解析:考查一般將來時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。故選D?！癰e bad for. (對(duì)有害)”是固定搭配,所以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。因?yàn)閼?yīng)答句后面一句的主語是