教案課程被動語態(tài)(共15頁)

1、C(被動語態(tài))課堂導(dǎo)入 （3分鐘）越來越多的人在玩這個游戲。這個游戲被越來越多的人玩?；A(chǔ)知識夯實基礎(chǔ) （30分鐘） 扎實基礎(chǔ)【】 被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) be + 動詞過去分詞【】 被動語態(tài)的用法 在被動語態(tài)中，主語是動作的承受者。 1.不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰：This watch is made in China. 這塊手表是中國制造。2.沒有必要支出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰： More trees must be planted every year. 每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in

2、the world. 世界上越來越多的人在說漢語。4.動作的發(fā)出者不是指人： Many houses were washed away by the floor. 許多房子被洪水沖走了?！尽?主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化 主動語態(tài) 變 被動語態(tài)1.要將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z，若主動句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。2.把主動句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械馁e語，主格帶刺變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。3.謂語動詞變成相應(yīng)的被動時態(tài)。例：We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us

3、. 帶雙賓語的謂語動詞 變 被動語態(tài) 謂語動詞帶雙賓語時，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語。 若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留直接賓語； 若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加介詞to 或者 for。 例，She gave me a book.（變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)） I was given a book by her.(間接賓語me 改為主語) A book was given to me by her.（直接賓語a book改為主語） 動詞短語 變 被動語態(tài) 許多由不及物動詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語，相當(dāng)于及物動詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態(tài)。 注意：動詞短語

4、是一個不可分割的整體，在變被動語態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。 例，We should take good care of the children. The children should be taken care of.帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞 變 被動句賓語加上賓語補足語 一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動語態(tài)時，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語補足語保留在遠(yuǎn)處，成為主語補足語。 例，I saw some boys playing football on the playground. Some boys were seen playing football on the playground被

5、動語態(tài)后 動詞形式的選擇主動句中的感官動詞 see, hear, feel, notice 等 和使役動詞let, make, have 等后跟省略to的動詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，應(yīng)加上動詞不定式符號to. 例，We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.【】 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)【趁熱打鐵】1. A new club in our school at the beginning of this year and

6、 now it has many members. A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句意：年初，我們學(xué)校 一個新俱樂部。目前，它已經(jīng)吸納了很多會員。本題主語為動作承受者，需用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“at the beginning of this year ”可知應(yīng)用一般過去時。故選D?；仡櫺〗Y(jié) （2分鐘） 根據(jù)圖像注意主動與被動之間的切換，主語與賓語的正確寫法； 通過表格，要認(rèn)識并掌握每個時態(tài)所表達(dá)的被動語態(tài)及正確書寫格式。C(易錯點分析)專題導(dǎo)入（） （3分鐘）被動語態(tài)中，時常伴隨著

7、時態(tài)的改變，認(rèn)真注意每個細(xì)節(jié)，防止走入誤區(qū)。 堅定步伐易錯清單1. 主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(1)open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, cut, burn, drive等詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物,可以用主動語態(tài)表被動意義。如:Mo Yan's novels sell well. 莫言的小說很好賣(銷路好)。(2)表示感覺的連系動詞如feel, look, smell, sound, taste等后跟表語時,總是用其主動結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)被動意義,它們不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:The table feels smooth.這張桌子摸起來很光滑。(3)在be worth

8、 doing（值得做）中,doing表被動意義。 The book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一讀。(4)want/need/require +doing相當(dāng)于want/need/ require +to be done。如:The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned. 圖書館需要打掃了。2. 不用被動語態(tài)的情況(1)當(dāng)謂語是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞時,不用被動語態(tài)。這樣的及物動詞有have, become, cost, reach, sell, arrive, fit, hold, ow

9、n, suit等。如:We have a good teacher.我們有一位好老師。The classroom holds 80 students.這間教室容納80個學(xué)生。(2)及物動詞的賓語為反身代詞、相互代詞、非謂語動詞、同源賓語時,都沒有被動語態(tài)。如:The boy taught himself English. 這男孩自學(xué)英語。We help each other. 我們互相幫助。(3)當(dāng)主動句的賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。如:She likes to swim. 她喜歡游泳。3. 被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別動詞“be+過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)既可以是被動語態(tài),也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。這兩種

10、結(jié)構(gòu)主要的區(qū)別是:被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作,系表結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。我們還可以通過以下方法來判斷:(1)從形式上來看,被動語態(tài)往往接by施動者,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)往往有固定的搭配,如be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with等。如:We were surprised at the unexpected news.聽到這個意外消息,我們感到驚訝。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))注意:句中有“by+人”時,多用被動語態(tài);而“by+物”時,多屬系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The house was surrounded b

11、y the police.這房子被警察包圍了。(被動語態(tài))The house was surrounded by trees.這房子四周都是樹。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),表示靜止的狀態(tài))(2)從時態(tài)上來看,被動語態(tài)的be時態(tài)要與動作發(fā)生的時間一致;而系表結(jié)構(gòu)的be只有一般時或完成時,表示目前或過去的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如:This window was broken by Kate yesterday.這窗戶是凱特昨天打破的。(被動語態(tài))This glass is broken. 這塊玻璃是破的。(系表結(jié)構(gòu),指目前的狀態(tài))(3)從句中的狀語來看,過去分詞前有well, very, quite等副詞修飾的是系表結(jié)構(gòu);

12、若句中有時間、方式或目的狀語時,一般為被動語態(tài)。如:The play is well written.這劇本寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)) The play was written with great care. 這劇本是非常用心地寫出來的。(被動語態(tài),有方式狀語)(4)被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞必須是及物動詞,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及物動詞。如:My pen is gone. 我的鋼筆不見了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The sun is risen. 太陽升起來了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))回顧小結(jié) （2分鐘）T(專項練習(xí))專題導(dǎo)入 用雙手，成就你的夢想。在解答被動語態(tài)題時首先要判

13、斷主語和動作的關(guān)系,如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,則該句為主動句;如果主語是動作的承受者,則該句為被動句。依據(jù)句子意思做出正確選擇。【例1】(2014·浙江寧波·30) I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subwaylast month.? A. was testedB. is testedC. testsD. tested【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。由句意“我聽說上個月寧波一號鐵路線被檢測了”判斷,句子的主語是動作的承受著,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),last month是一般過去的時間狀語,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時。故選A。【答案】A【例2】(2013·

14、;湖北孝感·38)Many treeson the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now.?A. plantB. are plantedC. plantedD. were planted【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)“every year”得知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。主語是many trees,故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),因此選B?！敬鸢浮緽 【例3】(2013·湖南益陽·30)The sports meeting next month.?A. will holdB. is going to holdC. wi

15、ll be held【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。主語the sports meeting不能執(zhí)行謂語動詞hold,是hold的承受者,需用被動語態(tài)。next month說明句子用一般將來時態(tài),其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為:will be held。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾2. 正確判斷時態(tài)被動語態(tài)離不開時態(tài)?？忌斡浉鞣N時態(tài),掌握被動句的構(gòu)成,不能混淆。依據(jù)句子中的時間狀語或上下文暗示,分析判斷句子時態(tài)?！纠?】(2014·江蘇南京·13)We're sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in th

16、e near future.?A. improvedB. was improved C. has improvedD. will be improved【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。句意:我們相信我們城市的環(huán)境在不久的將來通過我們的工作將被大大改善。”由句中的in the near future判斷,該句要用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)形式,所以選D。【答案】D【例5】(2013·江西·35)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book into French as soon as it came

17、 out.?A. was translatedB. translatedC. is translatedD. translates【解析】考查被動語態(tài) 根據(jù)題干his new book 和 translate 的關(guān)系,應(yīng)該選擇被動語態(tài),又根據(jù)時間狀語從句as soon as it came out 是一般過去時態(tài),可知“被翻譯”也是一般過去時態(tài)。故選A?！敬鸢浮緼 【例6】(2013·浙江寧波·35)Have you finished your project?Not yet. I'll finish it if Iten more minutes.?A. give

18、B. am givenC. will giveD. will be given【解析】考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。句意:如果再給我十分鐘我會完成它。主語與動詞give之間是被動關(guān)系,在條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。故選B?！敬鸢浮緽.【專項練習(xí)】1. ( 2014·深圳·18) It's reported that some capsules(膠囊)are really bad our health.?Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible?A. to;is solvedB. for;has

19、solved C. to;was solvedD. for;will be solved2. ( 2014·廣東模擬·43)Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of the road last year. Oh, beautiful they are!?A. have been planted;whatB. were planted;whatC. were planted;how D. have been planted;what3. ( 2014·浙江模擬二·21) Can you play the piec

20、e of music for us,Cathy?Of course. It many times.?A. teachesB. is taughtC. has been taughtD. taught4. (2013·陜西)The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.?A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took5. (2013·河北)Driving after drinking wine in China.?A. allowsB. doesn't allowC. is allowe

21、dD. isn't allowed6. (2013·重慶)Ito take part in the English speech contest last week.?A. askB. askedC. am askedD. was asked7. (2013·湖南岳陽)May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry,itby my sister just now.?A. was brokenB. is brokenC. broke8. (2013·江蘇南京)I'm glad to find that many trees in our city last year.?A. plantB. plantedC. were plantedD. are planted9. (2013·安徽)Do you have any problems if you this job?Well,I'm thinking about the working day.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered參考答案與解析1. D解析:考查一般將來時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的用法。故選D?！癰e bad for. (對有害)”是固定搭配,所以排除A、C兩項。因為應(yīng)答句后面一句的主語是