unit翻譯技巧資料實用教案

1、Honoring the deceased The Qingming Festival or Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival for mourning the dead.第1頁/共54頁第一頁，共55頁。deceasedadj.No longer living; dead. The deceased left a large sum of money to his children. 第2頁/共54頁第二頁，共55頁。第3頁/共54頁第三頁，共55頁。 Joss paper第4頁/共54頁第四頁，共55頁。清明節(jié) The

2、name literally means “Pure Brightness Festival” or “Clear and Bright Festival“ ， suggesting a time for people to go outside and enjoy the greenery of springtime (踏青(tqng), but it is mostly noted for its connection with Chinese ancestral respect and the tending of family graves. 第5頁/共54頁第五頁，共55頁。Alon

3、g the River During the Qingming Festival, 12th century original by Zhang Zeduan (1085-1145) 第6頁/共54頁第六頁，共55頁。清明上河圖 It captures the daily life of people and the landscape of the capital, Bianjing, todays Kaifeng, from the Northern Song period. The theme is often said to celebrate the festive spirit a

4、nd worldly commotion at the Qingming Festival, rather than the holidays ceremonial aspects, such as tomb sweeping and prayers. Successive scenes reveal the lifestyle of all levels of the society from rich to poor as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city, and offer glimpse

5、s of period clothing and architecture. 第7頁/共54頁第七頁，共55頁。 下周四考試(kosh)第8頁/共54頁第八頁，共55頁。轉(zhuǎn)性第9頁/共54頁第九頁，共55頁。1.2 英語介詞(jic)的轉(zhuǎn)換 根據(jù)(gnj)柯姆（Curme）統(tǒng)計，英語中共有286個介詞（含介詞短語）；而中文常用的介詞不到30個。這一差異要求我們在英譯漢時可根據(jù)(gnj)語境的需要把英文中的介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成中文的動詞。第10頁/共54頁第十頁，共55頁。 許多含有動作意味的介詞都轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞; 還有些作原因、目的、方式(fngsh)、陪襯等狀語的介詞短語里的介詞亦可轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞。第11頁/

6、共54頁第十一頁，共55頁。 Carlisle street runs westwards, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. k:lail 卡萊爾大街向西伸展，跨過一座黑色大橋，爬下山岡又爬上山岡，經(jīng)過許多小鋪和肉市，經(jīng)過一些平房，最后(zuhu)在一大片綠色草坪前突然停下了。第12頁/共54頁第

7、十二頁，共55頁。 Carlisle street runs westwards, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. k:lail 卡萊爾大街向西伸展，跨過一座黑色大橋，爬下山岡又爬上山岡，經(jīng)過許多小鋪和肉市，經(jīng)過一些平房，最后在一大片綠色(l s)草坪前突然停下了。第13頁/共54頁第十三頁，共5

8、5頁。1.3 英語(yn y)形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1.3.1 英語(yn y)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞一些表示知覺、情感、欲望等心理狀態(tài)或標(biāo)識存在狀態(tài)的形容詞在與系動詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語時，可將形容詞譯成動詞第14頁/共54頁第十四頁，共55頁。 They were quite content with the data obtained from the experiment. 他們十分滿意試驗中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)(shj)。 I would be so grateful if you could do it. 如果你能這樣做，我將十分感激。第15頁/共54頁第十五頁，共55頁。表示動作和狀態(tài)以現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞形式出現(xiàn)

9、的形容詞，也常常轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞。We believe that Europe should and will be outward-looking.我們認(rèn)為(rnwi)，歐洲應(yīng)該而且必將放眼世界。第16頁/共54頁第十六頁，共55頁。第17頁/共54頁第十七頁，共55頁。第18頁/共54頁第十八頁，共55頁。第19頁/共54頁第十九頁，共55頁。第20頁/共54頁第二十頁，共55頁。第21頁/共54頁第二十一頁，共55頁。Indochina Indochina: Dark green: always included, Light green: usually included, Red: som

10、etimes included. Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam第22頁/共54頁第二十二頁，共55頁。Indochina is a peninsula in Southeast Asia lying roughly southwest of China, and east of India. The name has its origins in the French Indochine as a combination of the names of India and China, referri

11、ng to the location of the territory between those two countries, though the majority of people in the region are neither Chinese nor Indian. The countries of mainland Southeast Asia received cultural influence from both India and China to varying degrees.第23頁/共54頁第二十三頁，共55頁。第24頁/共54頁第二十四頁，共55頁。第25頁/

12、共54頁第二十五頁，共55頁。第26頁/共54頁第二十六頁，共55頁。第27頁/共54頁第二十七頁，共55頁。第28頁/共54頁第二十八頁，共55頁。第29頁/共54頁第二十九頁，共55頁。第30頁/共54頁第三十頁，共55頁。第31頁/共54頁第三十一頁，共55頁。第32頁/共54頁第三十二頁，共55頁。第33頁/共54頁第三十三頁，共55頁。第34頁/共54頁第三十四頁，共55頁。第35頁/共54頁第三十五頁，共55頁。 1. I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood

13、. 2. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 3. He came to my home for help 4. At noon, she came home for lunch. 5. The people are with him. 6. The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. 7. He was away before dawn. 第36頁/共54頁第三十六頁，共55頁。1. I am so grateful to my fathe

14、r for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感謝父親(f qn)，因為在我小時侯他總是不斷地鼓勵我。 2. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百萬山區(qū)人終于擺脫了貧窮 (介詞轉(zhuǎn)為動詞) 第37頁/共54頁第三十七頁，共55頁。 3. He came to my home for help 他來我家請求幫忙(介詞轉(zhuǎn)為動詞) 4. At noon, she came home for lunch. 她中午回家吃午

15、飯。（介詞轉(zhuǎn)為動詞） 5. The people are with him. 人民擁護(yngh)他. (系動詞be+介詞轉(zhuǎn)為行為動詞) 第38頁/共54頁第三十八頁，共55頁。 6. The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. 那個女人帶著兩個(lin )女兒到了。（系動詞be介詞轉(zhuǎn)為行為動詞） 7. He was away before dawn. 他黎明前離開了。系動詞be副詞轉(zhuǎn)為行為動詞 第39頁/共54頁第三十九頁，共55頁。6.1.2 變態(tài)(binti)譯法the change of the voices 1 英漢兩種語言被動語態(tài)的異同

16、在英語和漢語中都存在被動語態(tài)，但兩者的使用情況差別甚大：漢語的被動語態(tài)呈現(xiàn)多樣化，但大體上可歸類為有形式標(biāo)志和無形式標(biāo)志兩種；英語的被動標(biāo)志則形式比較固定，通過動詞的詞型變化，用“助動詞be+過去分詞”的形式來表達(dá)(biod)。被動語態(tài)使用頻率比漢語高得多。第40頁/共54頁第四十頁，共55頁。 漢語是借助( jizh)詞匯手段表達(dá)被動語態(tài)的，因此，漢語表達(dá)被動語態(tài)的方式比較豐富。如有形式標(biāo)志的被動式（如受、挨、糟、由、被、給、叫、讓、為等）。他們受到熱烈歡迎。這個極其危險的作戰(zhàn)行動是由一個年輕貌 美的比利時姑娘組織的。第41頁/共54頁第四十一頁，共55頁。 被動語態(tài)在英語中主要用于以下幾種

17、情況：當(dāng)不必說出施事者或無法說出施事者時；當(dāng)強調(diào)受事者的重要性，突出其位置時；用于加強上下文的連貫性；使措詞得當(dāng)、語氣委婉，出于禮貌上的考慮，不愿說出施事者而采用被動語態(tài)；為使一個長句一氣呵成，避免因改變主語而產(chǎn)生不連貫的現(xiàn)象而使用被動語態(tài)。 兩種語言中被動語態(tài)的使用頻率和使用方式不同(b tn)，英譯漢時常常使用變態(tài)譯法。第42頁/共54頁第四十二頁，共55頁。2 變態(tài)(binti)譯法被動語態(tài)的翻譯主要有以下三種情況：1. 將英語的被動語態(tài)譯為漢語的被動句;2. 將英語的被動語態(tài)譯為漢語的主動句;3. 將原文中的被動語態(tài)完全(wnqun)消解，重新組織原文。第43頁/共54頁第四十三頁，共

18、55頁。2. 1.保留 英語被動語態(tài)譯為漢語(Hny)被動句 Any minute we would be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我們隨時都會被出入機場的敵機(d j)發(fā)現(xiàn)。 They were given a hearty welcome. 他們受到熱烈歡迎。第44頁/共54頁第四十四頁，共55頁。 Therefore, when we are received with so much honor and so much kindness in this great country I beli

19、eved that the Peoples Republic of China is doing a very significant thing. 因此，當(dāng)我們在這個偉大(wid)國家里受到這樣隆重和盛情的接待時，我認(rèn)為中華人民共和國這樣做是有重大意義的。第45頁/共54頁第四十五頁，共55頁。2.2 2.2 變態(tài)(binti)1-(binti)1-譯為漢語的主動句 顛倒主語和賓語的位置, 只適用于可以找到英語主語的句子。He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize r

20、elations with his country.他說，國務(wù)院已向他保證美國愿意(yun y)同他的國家恢復(fù)正常關(guān)系。第46頁/共54頁第四十六頁，共55頁。 The invincible defense of Stalingrad is matched by the commanding military leadership of Stalin. match 相配 invincible defense堅不可摧的防線 Stalingrad斯大林格勒 commanding military leadership軍事(jnsh)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在斯大林格勒，不但有堅不可摧的防線，還有斯大林英明的軍事(jn

21、sh)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。第47頁/共54頁第四十七頁，共55頁。 特定句式的翻譯（It is .）這類以It作為形式主語的英語(yn y)句子，在譯文中常要改成主動形式，有時不加主語，有時則加上不確定的主語，如“有人”、“大家”、“人們”等，往往有固定的模式。第48頁/共54頁第四十八頁，共55頁。 It is hoped thatIt is reported that.It is said that .Its is supposed that據(jù)推測(tuc)It may be said without fear of exaggeration that .可以毫不夸張的說It must be admit

22、ted that.必須承認(rèn)It must be pointed out that .必須指出It will be seen from this that由此可見It is asserted that 有人主張It is believed that 有人認(rèn)為It is generally considered that第49頁/共54頁第四十九頁，共55頁。1) She hadnt been told Bettes family name, or shed forgotten it. 2) Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market. 3) The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult, so we must get prepared for it. 4) The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the firs