TheCompexityofLanguagePPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會計學(xué)1TheCompexityofLanguageOnwards and UpwardsThe EconomistText A The Complexity of Language第1頁/共41頁R eflectionL anguage enhancementC ritical Reading P reparatory workThe Complexity of languageUnit 1 Think Think大學(xué)大學(xué)思辨英語教程思辨英語教程 第2頁/共41頁Questions / ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesPreparatory workT

2、he Complexity of languageUnit 1 Think Think大學(xué)大學(xué)思辨英語教程思辨英語教程 第3頁/共41頁Preparatory workQuestions / Activities第4頁/共41頁2. What is language? 3. What are the differences between written language and spoken language? 4. What is the purpose of the language complexity? Preparatory workQuestions / Activities第5

3、頁/共41頁Check-on Preview十幾個音序網(wǎng)頁點擊數(shù)使被理解使區(qū)分開工藝美術(shù)To get acrossSound sequenceSet aparthitsA dozen or so arts and crafts Preparatory work第6頁/共41頁ObjectivesThis unit is designed to help students develop their reading skills, communicative competence, critical thinking, intercultural reflection and abilities

4、 of autonomous learning in the following aspects. Reading skills: -Scan for main ideas -Identify topic sentences -Identify supporting details Communicative competence: -Illustrate your points with appropriate examples -Use topic sentences and supporting sentences to organize your presentation/essay

5、-Be aware of different styles in communication Preparatory work第7頁/共41頁ObjectivesCritical thinking: -Make inferences and Interpretations based on linguistic facts -Assess the credibility of statements -Note and reflect on significant similarities and differences between two languages Intercultural c

6、ompetence: -Identify and articulate similarities and differences between different languages and cultures -Be aware of the links between cultural differences and language differences -Devalue discriminations against a language or culturePreparatory work第8頁/共41頁Critical readingEvaluation and explorat

7、ionUnderstanding the textThe Complexity of languageUnit 1 Think Think大學(xué)大學(xué)思辨英語教程思辨英語教程 第9頁/共41頁Critical readingUnderstanding the textI1 Introduction 1 IntroductionII2 The complexity of language2 The complexity of written language3 The complexity of spoken language3 The purpose o f b e i n g complex4

8、Why is language complex? 4 Originality of language5 Originality: Making new sentences6 Originality : Creating new words with “un-”III5Language and body language7“Language” and other ways of communication 8 The metaphorical use of the word “l(fā)anguage”第10頁/共41頁Critical readingUnderstanding the text 9Th

9、ree differences between language and body language10 Difference between language and facial expressions: grammatical rules6 B o d y l a n g u a g e : gestures and touching 11 A transition: from facial expression to gestures and touching12 Gestures and sign language 13 Touching and Helen Kellers “l(fā)an

10、guage”IV7 Conclusion 14 Some other uses of “l(fā)anguage”15Fundamental differences between language proper and other forms of language第11頁/共41頁Critical readingUnderstanding the textParaphrasing the following sentences: Para 7: S1 Para 8: S3 Para 10: S1 Para 14: S2第12頁/共41頁Critical readingUnderstanding t

11、he text(para. 7 )S1 Because of the existence of morphological and syntactic rules, language enables to create new words and sentences making use of available materials. This is not possible with other ways that we use to communicate, such as the use of facial expressions or bodily gestures. (2) (par

12、a. 8 )S3 We have to be cautious about the use of “l(fā)anguage” because it is often used figuratively, referring to any means of communication (body language) or even the basis of mutual understanding (speaking the same language). 第13頁/共41頁Critical readingUnderstanding the text(3) Para. 10： Facial expre

13、ssions are different from real language in that there are no grammatical rules such as word order to help us express different meanings when we communicate with facial expressions. (4) ) （Para. 14 ）S2 “Arts and crafts” are also means of communication. If I have the ability, I can express my thoughts

14、 and feelings in painting, drawing, sculpture, dance and music. 第14頁/共41頁Evaluation and explorationCritical reading(1). Sound-sequences such as up, shoe, and spots are possible ways of talking in English, but ngop, shmfi, and doprns arent.Question: What does this tell us about phonetic rules in gene

15、ral and English phonetic rules in particular?Answer: For any language, there are certain phonetic rules that determine which sounds are allowed or disallowed in each part of the syllable. 第15頁/共41頁Evaluation and explorationCritical reading English allows very complicated syllables; syllables may beg

16、in with up to three consonants (as in string or splash), and occasionally end with as many as four (as in prompts).Initial consonant clusters in English always begin with a /s/, followed by one of the voiceless stops (/p/, /t/, /k/) and a liquid or glide (/l/, /r/, /w/).In fact there are only five i

17、nitial consonant clusters in English: /spl-/, /spr-/, /str-/, /skr-/, /skw-/). (George Yule, The Study of Language, 4th ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010)第16頁/共41頁Evaluation and explorationCritical reading(2)While people are talking, theyre also looking at each other, and we can see that the expressio

18、ns on their faces add a great deal to what theyre saying.Question: What does this tell us about the visual aspect (a kind of paralinguistic feature) of linguistic communication?Answer: Communication is not completed merely in the exchanges of words, especially in face-to-face talk. Communication is

19、prototypically multi-modal. Paralinguistic features add to or even convert the literal meaning of what people say. . 第17頁/共41頁Evaluation and explorationCritical reading(3) You might not know a preposition from an adverb, or the difference between the passive voice and the indicative, nor what the do

20、uble object construction is, but as a native speaker of English, you can use them with your hands tied behind your back. Question: What does this tell us about peoples knowledge of grammar?Answer: A native speakers knowledge of grammar is implicit rather than explicit.第18頁/共41頁Evaluation and explora

21、tionCritical reading（4）A sobering fact about language is that unlike other forms of cultural behavior, it is blind to demographics, socioeconomics and ethnic difference.Question: What distinctive feature of language is behind this observation?Answer: As a tool of communication, language, by its natu

22、re, has nothing to do with values or discriminations associated with culture, society or ethnicity. . 第19頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseWords and phrasesLanguage enhancementThe Complexity of languageUnit 1 Think Think大學(xué)大學(xué)思辨英語教程思辨英語教程 第20頁/共41頁Words and phrases1. Word Formation nouns: unrest , unease,

23、unbeliefverbs: untie, uncover, unearth, unbalance, unblockadjectives: unaccountable, unappreciated, unaccustomed, unworthy Antonym Prefixconnectionconstructequalityencourageever2. Antonym第21頁/共41頁Words and phrases1. Word Formation nouns: unrest , unease, unbeliefverbs: untie, uncover, unearth, unbal

24、ance, unblockadjectives: unaccountable, unappreciated, unaccustomed, unworthy Antonym Prefixconnectiondisconnectiondis-constructdeconstructde-equalityinequalityin-encouragediscourage dis-everneverne-/n-2. Antonym第22頁/共41頁Words and phrases2. Antonymfortunate logicalmature monolingual normal includere

25、levantsymmetricunderstandingverbal第23頁/共41頁Words and phrases2. Antonymfortunate unfortunateun-logicalillogical il-matureimmature im-monolingual bilingual/multilingualbi-/multi-normalabnormal ab-includeexcludeex-relevantirrelevantir-symmetricasymmetric a-understandingmisunderstandingmis-verbalnonverb

26、alnon-第24頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseTranslation 1 . Once weve learned a few thousand words, and learned the ways our language allows us to put them together into sentences, we can say things that nobody has ever said before. 2. When people use their faces or hands to show their feelings, theyre do

27、ing something that is very different from what they do when they speak, write, or use a deaf sign language. 3. Language allows us to talk about our experience of the world in a way that no other means of communication can.第25頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseTranslation 1 . Once weve learned a few thousa

28、nd words, and learned the ways our language allows us to put them together into sentences, we can say things that nobody has ever said before. 一旦我們掌握了數(shù)千個單詞和語言所允許的將這些單詞組合成句的方法，我們就可以說出別人從未說過的話。 2. When people use their faces or hands to show their feelings, theyre doing something that is very differen

29、t from what they do when they speak, write, or use a deaf sign language. 3. Language allows us to talk about our experience of the world in a way that no other means of communication can.第26頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseTranslation 1 . Once weve learned a few thousand words, and learned the ways our

30、language allows us to put them together into sentences, we can say things that nobody has ever said before. 2. When people use their faces or hands to show their feelings, theyre doing something that is very different from what they do when they speak, write, or use a deaf sign language. 3. Language

31、 allows us to talk about our experience of the world in a way that no other means of communication can.第27頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseTranslation 1 . Once weve learned a few thousand words, and learned the ways our language allows us to put them together into sentences, we can say things that nobod

32、y has ever said before. 一旦我們掌握了數(shù)千個單詞和語言所允許的將這些單詞組合成句的方法，我們就可以說出別人從未說過的話。 2. When people use their faces or hands to show their feelings, theyre doing something that is very different from what they do when they speak, write, or use a deaf sign language.當(dāng)人們用臉或手來表達(dá)情感的時候，他們所做的是一件與說話、書寫或者使用聾人手語很不一樣的事情。

33、3. Language allows us to talk about our experience of the world in a way that no other means of communication can.第28頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseTranslation 1 . Once weve learned a few thousand words, and learned the ways our language allows us to put them together into sentences, we can say things

34、 that nobody has ever said before. 一旦我們掌握了數(shù)千個單詞和語言所允許的將這些單詞組合成句的方法，我們就可以說出別人從未說過的話。 2. When people use their faces or hands to show their feelings, theyre doing something that is very different from what they do when they speak, write, or use a deaf sign language.當(dāng)人們用臉或手來表達(dá)情感的時候，他們所做的是一件與說話、書寫或者使用聾人

35、手語很不一樣的事情。 3. Language allows us to talk about our experience of the world in a way that no other means of communication can.語言使我們能夠以一種其他交際手段所不能比擬的方式談?wù)撐覀儗κ澜绲捏w驗。第29頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseTranslation 4) 那件鮮紅的大衣使她在姑娘們中間顯得特別突出。(apart from)5) 我們的觸覺能力也可以演繹出一套語言。(develop into). 6) 他以蠻橫無理的方式對他的助手們發(fā)號施令

36、。( in a way)7) 與書面語不同的是，我們在口語中并不是按照段落或章節(jié)來組織思想的。(frame)第30頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseTranslation 4) 那件鮮紅的大衣使她在姑娘們中間顯得特別突出。(apart from)Her bright red coat set her apart from the other girls. 5) 我們的觸覺能力也可以演繹出一套語言。(develop into)Our ability to touch can also be developed into a language. 6) 他以蠻橫無理的方式對他

37、的助手們發(fā)號施令。( in a way)He orders his assistants around in a way that is very offensive. 7) 與書面語不同的是，我們在口語中并不是按照段落或章節(jié)來組織思想的。(frame)Unlike writing, our thoughts are not framed in paragraphs or chapters in speech.第31頁/共41頁Sentences and discourseRhetorical devices:Parallelism: similarity of structure in a

38、pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. Rhyme: a repetition of similar sounds, usually the final vowel or consonant, in the end of two or more words. 第32頁/共41頁ReflectionThe Complexity of languageUnit 1 Think Think大學(xué)大學(xué)思辨英語教程思辨英語教程 Work in groups of four to discuss theabove three topics.

39、 第33頁/共41頁 The answer is yes and no. At the level of basic sentence structure, Chinese word order very closely matches that of English, both being SVO (subject + verb + object). Yet please keep in mind that SVO doesnt include little details like articles (a, the) or prepositions (to, for, etc.).In a

40、ddition, the placement of attributives and adverbials is not exactly the same in the two languages. The attributive clause in English, for example, is not allowed in Chinese. Do you think that Chinese and English follow the same word order in their sentences? Support your arguments with examples. Re

41、flection第34頁/共41頁 Language is forever changing. You can feel the changes that are taking place in a language most vividly in its net language. Carry out a small survey to find out the differences between net Chinese and everyday Chinese. ReflectionPoints: 1) The creation of new words and expressions

42、 is very popular on the internet. There appears a list of top network buzzwords every year. 2) The use of Internet jargon (cyber-lingo) is no longer confined to the cyberspace. It has gone from the virtual world to the real world. The most glaring example is that the young generation has begun to us

43、e Internet jargon in their daily communication.3) On formal occasions, people are still reluctant to use the net language. 第35頁/共41頁Reflection Learn more about American Sign Language and Chinese Sign Language. In what way do you think they resemble and differ from English and Chinese respectively? P

44、oints: 1) The basis of any language is to communicate with one another (mostly of the same inclination).2) Sign languages of the world are more similar to each other than written/spoken languages. 3) The goals for establishing sign languages are universal: to enhance the quality of life of the heari

45、ng disadvantaged by (1) eliminating the obstruction between the deaf and the hearing people, assisting the government in promulgating the Law for the Protection of the Handicapped, (2) reviewing and promoting the education of sign language and assisting the deaf in removing their obstacles to commun

46、icate with people, and (3) improving the deaf schooling, employment, medical care and support and seeking for a living space free of obstruction.第36頁/共41頁Reflection Learn more about American Sign Language and Chinese Sign Language. In what way do you think they resemble and differ from English and C

47、hinese respectively? 4) In addition to their pictorial similarity, both CSL and ASL resort to the use of constraints and helpful gestures in similar manner. For example, CSL, just like ASL, assumes verb agreement. 5) Even though both Chinese and American sign languages have established formal connections to written Chinese and English by defining a set of symbols for the pinyin in Chinese and the alphabet in English , m