自考《外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀》復(fù)習(xí)資料(共16頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上自考外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀復(fù)習(xí)資料Lesson One China in the Market Place 一、術(shù)語： manufactured goods 制成品 capital equipment 資本貨物 balance of payments 國際收支 current account 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目 visible trade account 有形貿(mào)易項(xiàng)目 invisible trade account 無形貿(mào)易項(xiàng)目 trade surplus 貿(mào)易順差 trade deficit 貿(mào)易逆差 barter 易貨貿(mào)易 compensation trade 補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 coun

2、ter-trade 反向貿(mào)易 assembly manufacturing 組裝生產(chǎn) industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商統(tǒng)一稅 joint venture 合資企業(yè) deferred payment 延期付款 buyer credit 買方信貸 supplier credit 賣方信貸 soft loan 軟貸款 （低息貸款） MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠國待遇 PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系 NI: N

3、ational Income 國民收入 GNP: Gross National Product 國民生產(chǎn)總值 GDP: Gross Domestic Product 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 國際復(fù)興和開發(fā)銀行 IDA: International Development Association 國際開發(fā)協(xié)會(huì) IFC: International Finance Corporation 國際金融公司 OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation

4、and Development 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和發(fā)展組織 BIS: Bank for International Settlement 國際清算銀行 EEC: European Economic Community 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體 EU: European Union 歐洲聯(lián)盟 FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投資 二、詞語釋義： exacerbate: deteriorate 惡化 disrupt: interrupt 中斷 in the wake of: following 繼之后 breakdown: analysis by classification

5、分類分析 buoyant: brisk 上揚(yáng)的，增產(chǎn)的 run-down: reduction mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions insofar as: to the extent 在范圍之內(nèi) bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress 三、句子翻譯： Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese e

6、conomy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy. 官方認(rèn)為，外國技術(shù)可在中國經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化中起重要作用，這導(dǎo)致了1978年中國的進(jìn)口增加了50%以上，從而給國民經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了重壓。 The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China"s determination to introduce forei

7、gn technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets. The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy,

8、such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints許多發(fā)展中國家面臨的債務(wù)問題使中國加強(qiáng)了這樣的決心：通過外國直接投資和優(yōu)惠付款方式引進(jìn)國外技術(shù)，而不是利用在國際資本市場上籌集大筆資金的方式。在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的許多實(shí)際障礙如運(yùn)輸能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前，中國政府認(rèn)為招來大筆外債的做法是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀的串講資料（二）！ Lesson two The Curtain Goes up 一、術(shù)語： The special Economic Zone 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) a well-placed source 一位高層消息靈通人

9、士 infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 capital stock 實(shí)際資本 consumer goods 消費(fèi)品 preferential tax rate 優(yōu)惠稅率 cooperative enterprise 合作（經(jīng)營）企業(yè) ETDZ （ Economic &Technical Development Zone ）經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū) entrepreneurship 企業(yè)家精神 means of production 生產(chǎn)資料 stock-taking 評(píng)估 二、詞語釋義： in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐漸的 sho

10、wpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范 pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日夢(mèng) from scratch: from the very beginning 從零開始，從最初開始 grassroots: basic level 基層 the dust settles: the confusion ends 塵埃落定 in the driver"s seat: in the dominant position 三、句子翻譯： In the SEZs, whi

11、ch are being built almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the country, be it, for example, production of goods for export or construction of private-housing estates. 在一切幾乎從零開始的經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，只要中國政府認(rèn)為對(duì)國家有益，外國人可對(duì)任何項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行投資，例如出口貨物的生產(chǎn)或私人住宅的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)。 So, while comprehens

12、ive framework for the country"s modernization has been provided by the central committee"s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the economic structure, it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors can deal with one another in a systematic way. 因此，雖

13、然中央委員會(huì)1984年10月21日的改革經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的決定為該國的現(xiàn)代化提供了一個(gè)綜合的框架，但要等塵埃落定、要等地方政府與外國投資者能有條不紊的打交道卻還需要一段時(shí)間。 Lesson Three Beijing Rising 一、術(shù)語： economic heavyweight 舉足輕重的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國 commercial hub 商業(yè)活動(dòng)中心 Per capita 人均 Gross National Product 國民生產(chǎn)總值 punitive import tariff 懲罰性進(jìn)口關(guān)稅 securities 有價(jià)證券 real estate market 房地產(chǎn)市場 “ Greater Chi

14、na”trade bloc “大中華”貿(mào)易集團(tuán) conglomerate 跨行業(yè)公司 consortium 國際財(cái)團(tuán) 二、詞語釋義： jockey: move is bustling with: is filled with giddy: dizzy; euphoric farfetched: improbable; incredible clear: earn a net profitdeal a hard blow to: strike heavily rung: level retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; r

15、evenge; reprisal career out of control: run out of control 三、句子翻譯： With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China"s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status

16、for China. Beijing has cut this year"s growth target from 10 to 8.5 per cent, in an effort to keep the economy from careering out of control just as it was cut back in 1989 and 1990 when it overheated. Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective 一、術(shù)語： centrally-planned economy 中央計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) m

17、arket economy 市場經(jīng)濟(jì) disinflationary (anti-inflationary) policies 反通貨膨脹政策 deflation 通貨緊縮 short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率 commodity market 商品市場 nominal (dollar) terms 名義（美元）價(jià) constant (dollar) terms 不變（美元）價(jià) business cycle 商業(yè)周期 weighted average 加權(quán)平均數(shù) hard currencies 硬通貨 fiscal adjustment 財(cái)政調(diào)整 po

18、rtfolio investment 有價(jià)證券投資 market diversification 市場多元化 tight credit policy 緊縮的信貸政策 exchange-rate devaluation 匯率貶值 accommodative monetary policy 融通性貨幣政策 yield curve 收益曲線 per capita GDP 人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定 EMS: European Monetary System 歐洲貨幣體系 GDP deflator 消除國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)

19、總值通貨膨脹因素指數(shù)（ GDP 平減指數(shù)） CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 經(jīng)互會(huì) LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 倫敦同業(yè)銀行優(yōu)惠利率 二、詞語釋義： in a row: in succession easing: slowing down; decrease momentum: force of movement underlying: being at the basis of slackening: slowing of speed compound: worsen

20、 moderate inflation: ease inflation robust: strong and healthy setbacks: frustrations slump: depression edge down: move slowly down depreciation: devaluation spike: abrupt increase pick-up: recovery rein in: control bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （ 止跌回升） 三、句子翻譯： Althoug

21、h the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sharp decline in short-term dollar interest ratesa positive development for many developing countriesit also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Incr

22、easingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements. Lesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations

23、 Worsen 一、術(shù)語： trade representative 貿(mào)易談判代表 government procurement 政府采購 NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定 trade sanctions 貿(mào)易制裁 trade hawks 貿(mào)易中主張強(qiáng)硬路線的鷹派人物 二、詞語釋義： tough: uncompromising （不妥協(xié)的，強(qiáng)硬的） discrimination: unfair treatment sanctions: penalty escalate: develop; intensify fricti

24、ons: conflicts procurement: purchase be bullied into doing: be forced to do is awake to: is conscious of amenable to: responsive to a ragged start: a poor start 三、句子翻譯： Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would s

25、hock the world"s fragile economies. Thus, the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to “protectionism.” In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community las

26、t year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies. 外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識(shí)選讀的串講資料（三）！ Lesson four The Economic Scene: A Global Perspective 一、術(shù)語： centrally-planned economy 中央計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) market economy 市場經(jīng)濟(jì) disinflationary (anti-inflationary) po

27、licies 反通貨膨脹政策 deflation 通貨緊縮 short-term dollar interest rates 短期美元利率 commodity market 商品市場 nominal (dollar) terms 名義（美元）價(jià) constant (dollar) terms 不變（美元）價(jià) business cycle 商業(yè)周期 weighted average 加權(quán)平均數(shù) hard currencies 硬通貨 fiscal adjustment 財(cái)政調(diào)整 portfolio investment 有價(jià)證券投資 market diversification 市場多元化 ti

28、ght credit policy 緊縮的信貸政策 exchange-rate devaluation 匯率貶值 accommodative monetary policy 融通性貨幣政策 yield curve 收益曲線 per capita GDP 人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定 EMS: European Monetary System 歐洲貨幣體系 GDP deflator 消除國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值通貨膨脹因素指數(shù)（ GDP 平減指數(shù)） CMEA (Comecon): Council for Mutual

29、Economic Assistance 經(jīng)互會(huì) LIBOR: London Inter-Bank Offered Rate 倫敦同業(yè)銀行優(yōu)惠利率 二、詞語釋義： in a row: in succession easing: slowing down; decrease momentum: force of movement underlying: being at the basis of slackening: slowing of speed compound: worsen moderate inflation: ease inflation robust: strong and he

30、althy setbacks: frustrations slump: depression edge down: move slowly down depreciation: devaluation spike: abrupt increase pick-up: recovery rein in: control bottoming-out: reaching the lowest point before rising again （ 止跌回升） 三、句子翻譯： Although the weakness in demand in the United States led to a sh

31、arp decline in short-term dollar interest ratesa positive development for many developing countriesit also contributed to a drop of over 6 percent in nonoil commodity prices and to a slackening, to 3 percent, in the growth of world trade. Increasingly buoyant intraregional trade in East Asia may be

32、viewed as evidence of an ongoing process of “market-oriented” regional integration, a development that could partially offset lackluster progress in the area of multilateral trade agreements. 外刊串講（四） Lesson Six Economic Troubles Cloud New Market"s Future 一、術(shù)語： the single market 統(tǒng)一大市場 Maastricht

33、 Treaty 馬斯特里赫特條約 barrier-free market 無壁壘市場 free-trade zone 自由貿(mào)易區(qū) referendum 公民復(fù)決投票 merger 兼并 budget cuts 預(yù)算削減 political and economic integration 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 deregulation 放松管制 privatization 私有化 二、詞語釋義： big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡響的效果） sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reaction

34、 be bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地 ） skid: slide; fall gush about: talk about with excessive enthusiasm （滔滔不絕地談?wù)摚?translate into: transform into hang over: impend over; threaten 三、句子翻譯： Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in crea

35、ting the world"s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history"s bloodiest wars. But perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe. One of the central justifications for the si

36、ngle market was its ability to create greater prosperity, but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.Lesson Seven Japan Says No 一、術(shù)語： free trade 自由貿(mào)易 trade sanctions 貿(mào)易制裁 fiscal packages 財(cái)政一攬子計(jì)劃 managed trade 管理貿(mào)易 trade balance 貿(mào)易差額 multilateral

37、rules 多邊規(guī)則 economic cycle 經(jīng)濟(jì)周期 budget deficit 預(yù)算赤字 trade reprisals 貿(mào)易報(bào)復(fù) 二、詞語釋義： draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （劃定界限；不肯做到或超越某種程度） die down: disappear gradually foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates capitulate to: yield to thrust: principal concern or objective

38、geared to: adjusted to take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously export-driven: export-led; export-oriented in due course: at the right time cave in to: give in to 三、句子翻譯： Its policy is

39、 to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targetsan approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand tha

40、t could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation. In addition to the customary dry analysis, this year"s edition will put Japan"s side of an argument that has, until now, been dominated by American and European critiques. It follows another MITI report, published this week, that takes America

41、, the European Community and other large trading partners to task for their “unfair trading practices”. 外刊串講（五） Lesson Eight Here Comes Korea, Inc. 一、術(shù)語： Silicon Valley 硅谷 state-of-the-art technology 最先進(jìn)的技術(shù) microprocessor 微信息處理機(jī) dumping 傾銷 licensor 轉(zhuǎn)讓人 insolvency 無償還能力 market forces 市場力量 a hermit na

42、tion 一個(gè)閉關(guān)自守的國家 fledgling industries 新興工業(yè) nouveau riche 暴發(fā)戶 brain trust 智囊團(tuán) technocrat 技術(shù)專家治國論者 tax breaks 減稅；稅額優(yōu)惠 bankruptcy 破產(chǎn) xenophobia 排外；對(duì)外國人恐懼或仇視 二、詞語釋義： delve into: make researches into is poised for: is ready for churn out: produce in large quantities clout: influence; power be lost on: fail

43、 to influence or attract the attention of edge: advantage upset one"s apple cart: spoil one"s plan house of cards: a structure, plan or situation which is too badly arranged to succeed 不可*的計(jì)劃或體制 the lion"s share: the largest portion curb money market: a market for trading in securitie

44、s not listed on a stock exchange 場外證券交易市場 三、句子翻譯： Their often helter-skelter expansion has created monopolies in many industries and resulted in widespread inefficiency; some companies are run by managers whose qualifications are limited to their family ties to the founder. And because most of this

45、expansion has been financed through borrowed money, the chaebol have grown increasingly vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate. As a Western banker in Seoul bluntly puts it: “It"s a house of cards.” The challenge for Chun is to rein in the chaebol without damaging their

46、 absolutely essential contribution to the Korean economy - and without stepping on the toes of the chaebol"s enormously powerful chieftains. Lesson Nine Prosperity Persists in the UAE 一、術(shù)語： GCC (Gulf Co-operation Council) 海灣合作委員會(huì) sovereignty dispute 主權(quán)爭端 Ramadan 齋月 carbon tax 雙重稅 surcharge 附加稅

47、OPEC （ Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ）石油輸出國組織 tenders 招標(biāo) reexports 再出口；復(fù)出口 certificate of origin 原產(chǎn)地證明書 loss leader philosophy 虧本招徠方式 二、詞語釋義： add weight to one"s voice: add to one"s influence head off: prevent be forthright about: be straightforward about is riding high on:

48、 is having great success spin-off: derived effect; by-product 副效應(yīng)；副產(chǎn)品 show teeth: show power; show effective means of enforcement 顯示威力；顯示效力 up for grabs: available for anyone to take or win 群起而爭的；待價(jià)而沽的 三、句子翻譯： Dubai traders are not unduly concerned by the introduction on 21 March of an Iranian 20 pe

49、rcent import surcharge as they consider demand for goods to be so strong that the surcharge will have little impact. It is no coincidence that government departments in the various emirates are welcoming bids from consultants that are new to the area 外刊串講（六） Lesson Ten Freer Trade, with Luck 一、術(shù)語： a

50、nti-dumping measures 反傾銷措施 subsidies 補(bǔ)貼countervailing duties 反補(bǔ)貼稅 government procurement 政府采購 barriers to trade (trade barriers) 貿(mào)易壁壘 intellectual property 知識(shí)資產(chǎn) trade liberalization 貿(mào)易自由化 WTO: World Trade Organization 世界貿(mào)易組織 CAP: Common Agricultural policy 共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策 二、詞語釋義： carry one"s heart in on

51、e"s boots: feel afraid and worried 提心吊膽 subsidy: money granted by government to an industry to keep prices at a desired level allow for: take into consideration snag: bog down, impede 三、句子翻譯： On a conservative estimate, the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100

52、billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere (especially in the world"s poorest countries) and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement. No industry in the world has been pushed furth

53、er, or so needlessly, from the liberal ideal of guiding resources to their best use by means of prices set in markets. Lesson Eleven The Comeback of International Barter 一、術(shù)語： convertible currency 可兌換貨幣 cartel 卡特爾 debt service 債息支付 debtor 債務(wù)人 creditor 債權(quán)人 The United Nations Monetary and Financial Co

54、nference 聯(lián)合國貨幣金融會(huì)議 IMF (International Monetary Fund) 國際貨幣基金組織 二、詞語釋義： proceeds: money gained from the sale of something 收入，收益 dip into: spend; use up 動(dòng)用（存款） hammer out: talk about in detail and come to a decision; produce by hard work 經(jīng)詳細(xì)討論得出；經(jīng)過大量工作而作出 break down: collapse pay a premium for: pay a h

55、igher price for 三、句子翻譯： Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering"s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economi