高中英語必修一Book1Unit3Englisharoundtheworld詞匯講解及練習(xí)

1、Book 1 Unit 3 English around the world詞匯講解及練習(xí)重難點詞匯講解      1、calm  adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的      It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency.      在緊急情況下保持鎮(zhèn)靜是很重要的。      （1）派生詞：calmly adv.沉著地，若無其事地；calmne

2、ss n.      （2）calm還可用作動詞，表示"（使）平靜，（使）鎮(zhèn)定（常與down 連用）"。      作名詞，表示"平靜的狀態(tài)"；如：      （1）Have a brandy it'll help to calm you down.      （2）After the storm came a calm.  &#

3、160;   （3）The President was calm throughout the global crisis.       2、generous adj.慷慨的，大方的      gene（n.基因）+-rous（形容詞后綴）      It was generous of you to share your food with me .你把食物與我分享，真慷慨。   &#

4、160;  （1）派生詞：generously adv.慷慨地，大方地；generosity n.大方      （2）搭配：be generous with sth./in doing sth./to do sth., 如：      The young man is generous with his moneyin giving help.      這個小伙子用錢大方慷慨助人。    &#

5、160; （3）generous 的英文解釋為 showing readiness to give money，help，kindness，etc.,所以說"某人花錢大方（generous with one's money）"沒有貶義，并不是說這個人花錢大手大腳，而是說他（她）樂善好施。      單詞拼寫      The rich woman is kind-hearted. She is_ with her money and helps many poor s

6、chool children.      3、character n.人物；性格      經(jīng)典例句 He is a man of strong character.      他是一個個性很強(qiáng)的人。      （1）派生詞：characteristic adj. 表現(xiàn)特點的，特有的；characterize v. 表現(xiàn)的特色      （2）ch

7、aracter n.在不同的語言環(huán)境中有不同的含義，要依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷。如：      The twin brothers are different in character.      The two problems are quite different in character.      The Chinese characters look like small pictures.    &

8、#160; I find all the characters in his new play amusing and interesting.        4、explore vt .探險      巧記提示 explore（探險）explain（v. 解釋）      （1）派生詞：exploration n. 探險、探測，explorer n. 探險家、探測者、探測器    &#

9、160; （2）explore 作及物動詞時，后面直接接表示地點的名詞，意思是travel into or through（a place，esp a country）in order to learn about it explore 帶有"考察"的含義。      Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent.       哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲，但沒有考察這塊新大陸。 &

10、#160;    5、用explore 和 search for 填空      At that time，the French dreamed of （夢想） discovering and controlling more land across the world. In 1535 Francis I，King Of France，ordered a navigator（航海家）named Jacques Cartier to_ the New World and_ a passage to India.&#

11、160;     6、wave vi.揮手示意，致意      巧記提示 w 和 v 看起來像波浪。      wave to at sb. 向某人揮手      e.g. She waved to me from the window as the train left the station.2 / 10       火車離站時她在窗口向我揮手

12、告別。      翻譯句子：      他看見我們時向我們揮了揮手。      7、found vt.建立，創(chuàng)立       （1）found 與 find 的過去式及過去分詞的形式相同，found 的過去式和過去分詞是 founded。      The People's Republic of China was founde

13、d in 1949.       中華人民共和國成立于1949年。      （2）派生詞：foundation n.基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)；建立，創(chuàng)辦      （3）詞組：be founded onupon 建立在基礎(chǔ)上；以為根據(jù)  如：      This story is founded onupon fact.      

14、; 這故事是有事實依據(jù)的。      翻譯      This company was founded in 1724.       8、opinion n. 意見，看法，主張      巧記提示opinion（意見）-onion（n. 洋蔥）      （1）搭配：opinion ofabout sb. sth. 對某人/某事（物）的看

15、法      In my opinion and in the opinion of most people，it is a very sound investment.       照我的和大多數(shù)人的看法，這是個很可靠的投資。      （2）習(xí)慣用語：in one's opinion=in the opinion of sb .按照某人的看法 be of the opinion that主張，認(rèn)為  &#

16、160;   注意：      according to 也表示"根據(jù)、按照"，但 according to 一般引用的都是出自他人或他處的消息，不能與memy opinion 連用。"以我之見"應(yīng)該翻譯成"in my opinion"。      （3）辨析：opinion，advice 與 view      這三個詞都含有"觀點；建議；意見"

17、的意思，但用法不同。      opinion  常用于法院判決，尤其指個人的判斷，它基于一種根據(jù)，這種根據(jù)不足以排除可能的爭論。      You should ask the opinion of the doctor.  你應(yīng)當(dāng)征求醫(yī)生的意見。      It is wise to seek a second medical opinion before submitting to surgery.  

18、;     在決定做手術(shù)之前再尋找另外一種手段是聰明的做法。      They represent no opinion but their own.       advice 表示"忠告；意見"，側(cè)重于指提出意見的人比對方有更多的經(jīng)驗、知識，因而提出善意的或建設(shè)性的忠告或意見；也可以指向有經(jīng)驗的人征求意見，是不可數(shù)名詞。若說"一個忠告"時，應(yīng)用a piece of advice。如： 

19、0;    In one of his books，Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.       馬克思在他寫的一本書里對如何學(xué)習(xí)外語提出了一些建議。      view 指"見解、觀點"，側(cè)重"對較廣泛、重大或有關(guān)公眾的問題所采取的態(tài)度"，view 比 opinion 更為肯定、全面和有系統(tǒng)。如：   &

20、#160;  May I know your views on the question?      我能知道你對這個問題的看法嗎?      "Our belief in any particular natural law cannot have a safer basis than our unsuccessful critical attempts to refute it" （Karl Popper）.    

21、60;  "我們對于任何自然規(guī)律的堅信都不能像我們懷著不可能的愿望去推翻它那樣有一個堅實的基礎(chǔ)" （卡爾·波爾）。      選擇正確的短語填空_（According to my opinionIn my opinion），when in trouble we'd better ask our teachers，parents，friends or classmates for help. 9、personally adv.就自己而言巧記提示 personal（adj. 個人的）+-ly

22、（副詞后綴）例如： Personally，I don't mind your smoking here.     就個人而言，我不介意你在這兒吸煙。（1）同義短語：in my opinion（2）personally 表示"就個人來說"，是副詞，常用在句首。如：Personally，I think he is dishonest，but many people trust him .就我個人而言，我認(rèn)為他不誠實，可是有許多人信任他。選擇：You may not agree；but_ I think she is a good

23、girl.A. truly      B. graduallyC. personally     D. commonly10、equal  adj.平等的Women are demanding equal pay for equal work.婦女要求同工同酬。（1）反義詞：unequal 不相等的，不平等的；派生詞：equality  n. equally adv.（副詞）（2）搭配：be equal to sth./sb.與相等/平等We should give

24、 every player an equal chance to win.Experience is equally as valuable as theory.   11、struggle  n. 斗爭，拼搏巧記提示 struggle（競爭）structure（n. 結(jié)構(gòu)）Despite his terrible injuries，he wouldn't give up the struggle for life. 他盡管身負(fù)重傷，但仍然沒有放棄求生的努力。（1）同義詞，fight n.（2）struggle  vi.競爭，努力，奮斗

25、常見短語：struggle against with difficulties 與困難作斗爭struggle for power 爭奪權(quán)力struggle to one's feet 掙扎著站起來struggle through the snowstorm冒著暴風(fēng)雪前進(jìn)12、protest n. 抗議    巧記提示 pro（=pre，前綴：在前）+test（v. 作證）；原義：在面前作證堅決表示贊成或反對抗議。經(jīng)典例句 Loud protests were heard when the decision was announced. 

26、這決定一經(jīng)宣布，抗議之聲不絕于耳。（1）搭配：entermake a protest about/against sth. 對某事物提出抗議    （2）習(xí)慣用語：under protest 不情愿地，認(rèn)為是不公正地用正確的介詞填空The workers stopped working as a protest_ the long time of overwork. 13、millions of 數(shù)百萬，許許多多的（1）類似的詞語還有 thousands of，hundreds of，tens of thousands of ,dozens of 和 s

27、cores of ,這些短語后面需接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。There were millions of inhabitants living in the city.（2）用基數(shù)詞表示確定數(shù)量時，hundred，thousand，million等構(gòu)成的數(shù)詞要用單數(shù)形式，后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前一般不得加 of。如：There were several million inhabitants living in the city.（3）當(dāng) hundred，thousand，million這些詞用來表示不確定數(shù)量時，必須使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，同時接"of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞"。用所給詞的正確形式填空Mi

28、llions of _（book） have been written about young people in the United States.四、重點句式分析與拓展1、The spaceship, called Shenzhou V. was carrying China's first astronaut, Yang Liwei.這艘命名為"神舟5號"的宇宙飛船載著中國第一位宇航員楊利偉飛向太空。（1）句中的called Shenzhou V 是動詞的過去分詞，作后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。即：which is called Shenzhou V.（2

29、）Yang Liwei 和 China's first astronaut 互指，是China's first astronaut 的同位語。拓展：（1）過去分詞作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。       （2）過去分詞或短語作定語與所修飾的詞之間往往存在被動的關(guān)系。2、When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and

30、 the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.當(dāng)飛船繞地球轉(zhuǎn)到第七圈時，楊利偉在飛船上展示了中國國旗和聯(lián)合國國旗，以表達(dá)中國人民和平開發(fā)、利用太空資源的意愿。（1）這是一個主從復(fù)合句，從句是"When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle"在句中是狀語從句，表示主句謂語動詞 show 發(fā)生的時間。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞短語 expressing the wishes of the

31、Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully 在句中也作狀語，表示與 show 同時發(fā)生的伴隨動作。這個短語中的to explore and use space peacefully 是并列的不定式短語，作 the wishes 的后置定語?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語多放在句子的后面。  3、As Yang Liwei returned into the earth's atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land, ready to collect h

32、im.當(dāng)楊利偉返回地球大氣層的時候，直升機(jī)已經(jīng)飛往著陸地點，等候迎接他。（1）該句是一個主從復(fù)合句，句中包含兩個從句。（2）as 引導(dǎo)的從句是一個時間狀語從句，表示句中的動詞 fly 發(fā)生的時間；where 引導(dǎo)的從句是一個賓語從句，作介詞 to 的賓語。（3）句末的 ready to collect him 是一個形容詞短語，在句中作狀語。拓展：（1）as，when 和 while 都表時間，但有區(qū)別。as 多用于口語，強(qiáng)調(diào)"同一時間"或"一先一后"；when 則強(qiáng)調(diào)"特定時間"；while 也表同一時間，其所表示的時間不是一點，而

33、是一段。（2）形容詞或形容詞短語作狀語常常不是修飾某一個動詞。它表示句中的一個名詞或代詞所表現(xiàn)出來的狀態(tài)，用這樣的一個詞常常能起到言簡意賅的作用?！灸M試題】（答題時間：15分鐘）一、詞組專項練習(xí)1. What you know about him is not his real_（性格）.2. Martin liked Gandhi's ideas about peaceful _ （抗議）.3. He devoted all his life to_ （斗爭） for the rights of Chinese people.4. They are   

34、;      （組織） a charity concert for the disabled.5. The hero is f      for being brave and good.6. Do you know why people are interested in e_ space and oceans ?7. Yang Liwei is the first a_ of China, who stayed in space for 21 hours.8. He w  

35、;    goodbye to us and then disappeared in the distance.9. Do you still remember the e      of our first meet?10. Are you k      to play tennis with me this afternoon?二、綜合閱讀He was the baby with no name. He was found and taken from the

36、north Atlantic（大西洋） six days after the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. The salvage （救援） workers called the small body "our baby." In their home port （港口基地） of Halifax, Nova Scotia, people collected money for a headstone（墓碑） in front of the baby's grave （墓）, written with the words： &quo

37、t;To the memory of an unknown child." He has rested there ever since.    But history has a way of finding its secrets. On Nov. 5, this year, three members of a family from Finland arrived at Halifax and put fresh flowers at the grave. "This is our baby," says Magda Schl

38、eifer, 68, a banker. She grew up hearing stories about a great-aunt（姑姥姥） named Maria Panula, 42. At that time, she had sailed on the Titanic for America to meet her husband. According to the information Mrs. Schleifer had got, Panula gave up her seat on a lifeboat（救生艇） to search for her five childre

39、n - including a 13-month-old boy named Eino from whom she had become separated during the final minutes of the sinking. "We thought they were all lost in the sea," says Schleifer.    Now, using teeth and bone pieces taken from the baby's grave, scientists have compared t

40、heDNA from the Unknown Child with those collected from members of five families who lost relatives（親屬）on the Titanic and never found the bodies. The result of the test shows that it may be the possible person： young Eino. Now, the family understand： no need for a new grave. "He belongs to the p

41、eople of Halifax," says Schleifer. "They've taken care of him for 90 years."Adapted from People, November 25, 20021. The baby travelled on the Titanic with his_.    A. mother   B. parents     C. aunt    D. relatives2. What is probably the boy's last name?    A. Schleiferi.   B. Eino.     C. Magda.   D. Panula.3.  The underlined word it refers to