四級(jí)翻譯新題型技巧講解

1、2013年12月新題型大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試 翻譯題型翻譯題型新改革后翻譯題型新改革后翻譯題型: :段落翻譯段落翻譯（漢譯英漢譯英）測(cè)試學(xué)生把漢語所承載的信息用英語表達(dá)出來的能力。 分值比例：分值比例：15%15%考試時(shí)間：考試時(shí)間：3030分鐘分鐘內(nèi)容內(nèi)容：中國(guó)歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)度：長(zhǎng)度：140-160140-160個(gè)漢字；大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試新題型評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試新題型評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檔次檔次評(píng)評(píng) 分分 標(biāo)標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)13-1513-15分分 譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。，基

2、本上無語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。10-1210-12分分 譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。7-97-9分分譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語言錯(cuò)譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。誤相當(dāng)多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。4-64-6分分譯文僅表達(dá)了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準(zhǔn)確，譯文僅表達(dá)了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準(zhǔn)確，有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。1-31-3分分譯文支離破碎。除個(gè)別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字譯文支離破碎。除個(gè)別詞語或句子，絕大部分

3、文字沒有表達(dá)原文意思。沒有表達(dá)原文意思。0 0分分未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。相關(guān)。漢譯英解題方法1. 1. 閱讀原文，理解原文，獲得總體印象。閱讀原文，理解原文，獲得總體印象。2. 2. 處理原文句子，正確斷句，合句，找準(zhǔn)主語。理處理原文句子，正確斷句，合句，找準(zhǔn)主語。理 解原文中的語言現(xiàn)象和邏輯關(guān)系，注意漢英兩種解原文中的語言現(xiàn)象和邏輯關(guān)系，注意漢英兩種 語言的不同表達(dá)習(xí)慣，綜合翻譯技巧進(jìn)行翻譯。語言的不同表達(dá)習(xí)慣，綜合翻譯技巧進(jìn)行翻譯。3. 3. 修改，對(duì)譯文修正、加工、潤(rùn)飾。修改，對(duì)譯文修正、加工、潤(rùn)飾。- - 看上下文

4、有無不連接的地方，前后有無矛盾、重看上下文有無不連接的地方，前后有無矛盾、重 復(fù)的地方，有無邏輯不通的地方。復(fù)的地方，有無邏輯不通的地方。樣題 剪紙（剪紙（paper cuttingpaper cutting）是中國(guó)最為流行的）是中國(guó)最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期（年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期（the Ming and the Ming and Qing DynastiesQing Dynasties）特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化）特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用居家環(huán)境。

5、特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國(guó)剪紙常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國(guó)剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國(guó)友人在世界各地很受歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國(guó)友人的禮物。的禮物。 注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。剪紙（剪紙（paper cuttingpaper cutting）是中國(guó)最為流行的傳統(tǒng)）是中國(guó)最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期（歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期（the Ming an

6、d the Ming and Qing DynastiesQing Dynasties）特別流行。）特別流行。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.中英文斷句方式可以不一樣。人們常用剪紙人們常用剪紙美化美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和婚居家環(huán)境。特別是

7、在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾裝飾門窗和房間，以門窗和房間，以增加增加喜喜慶的氣氛。慶的氣氛。People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，剪紙最常用

8、的顏色是紅色，象征象征健康和興旺。中健康和興旺。中國(guó)剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國(guó)剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國(guó)友人的禮物。國(guó)友人的禮物。The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.翻譯的基本方法：直譯意譯直譯

9、：保持原文內(nèi)容、又保持原文形式，基本保留原有句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不是死譯。意譯：只保持原文內(nèi)容、不保持原文形式，更多考慮英語的特點(diǎn)。如： 我們的朋友遍天下。Our friends are all over the world. (直譯)We have friends all over the world.（意譯）直譯與意譯相互關(guān)聯(lián)，互為補(bǔ)充，兩種譯法可以并用漢譯英的漢譯英的基本技巧基本技巧1. 我不覺得用英語與外國(guó)人交談?dòng)惺裁蠢щy。 I dont think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.2. 虛心使人進(jìn)步，驕傲使人落后。 Modesty

10、 helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes on lag behind.1. 增詞：為了充分傳達(dá)原文含義，必須增補(bǔ) 詞語，以求合符語法規(guī)則增加形式賓語增加形式賓語見到自己的故鄉(xiāng)，他想起了童年的情景。The sight of his home town reminded him of his childhood. 他連續(xù)講了兩小時(shí)的法語，沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯(cuò)誤。He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes. 情景出現(xiàn)省名詞(省動(dòng)詞)2. 減詞：漢語喜歡重復(fù)，英語崇尚

11、簡(jiǎn)潔漢語喜歡重復(fù)，英語崇尚簡(jiǎn)潔3. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換詞類變形和轉(zhuǎn)換，是英語語言的一個(gè)很重要的特詞類變形和轉(zhuǎn)換，是英語語言的一個(gè)很重要的特點(diǎn)，尤其是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞這三種最主要的點(diǎn)，尤其是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞這三種最主要的詞類。詞類。egeg. . 他的演講給我們的他的演講給我們的印象印象很深。很深。His speech His speech impressedimpressed us deeply.( us deeply.(名詞變動(dòng)詞名詞變動(dòng)詞) )egeg. . 你說他你說他傻不傻傻不傻？Dont you think he is Dont you think he is an idiotan idi

12、ot? ? ( (形容詞變名詞形容詞變名詞) )4. 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換在英漢兩種語言當(dāng)中都有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語態(tài)。在英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用頻率要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于漢語。如果一味按照漢語原句的語態(tài)來翻譯，會(huì)使譯文顯得十分別扭。這個(gè)小男孩在放學(xué)回家的路上受了傷 。The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.門鎖好了。The door has been locked up.新教材在印刷中。New textbooks are being printed.5. 分譯 & 合譯(按內(nèi)容層次分譯)分譯： 需要分譯的句子多數(shù)是長(zhǎng)句，或者是結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)句。這種句子如

13、果譯成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，就會(huì)使譯文冗長(zhǎng)、累贅、意思表達(dá)不清楚，也不符合英文習(xí)慣。如果采用分譯，則會(huì)使譯文簡(jiǎn)潔、易懂、層次分明。她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里有位船夫睡得正香。Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.(從主語變換處分譯)合譯：相較于漢語而言，英語長(zhǎng)句多，因此在翻譯中，要把漢語的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)句子合譯為英語的一句，使譯文緊湊、簡(jiǎn)練。第二天，我又接到一個(gè)電報(bào)。這個(gè)電報(bào)有34個(gè)字，比前一個(gè)電報(bào)說得更

14、詳細(xì)。The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 words, giving more details.從主語變換處合譯 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題：翻譯（4）Translation 4在中國(guó)1990年以后出生的人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是15到24歲之間的年輕人，被稱作“90后”的一代人。In China, those who were born in the 1990s and are now between 15 and 24 are called the “post 90s”.他們的消費(fèi)觀念和他們的父母完全不同，對(duì)社會(huì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)也在產(chǎn)生越

15、來越大的影響。Their concept of consumption is totally different from that of their parents, and they have an increasing influence on the social consumption structure.他們更愿意接受新事物，追求時(shí)尚和潮流。They are willing to accept new things and follow fashions and trends.他們對(duì)品牌和產(chǎn)品的外觀更感興趣，而不太重視其核心功能。They are more interested i

16、n the brand and the look of a product rather than its actual core functions.對(duì)他們來說，手機(jī)應(yīng)急不再僅僅是交流工具，而是他們用來炫耀的時(shí)尚物品（accessory）To them, a cell phone is not just a communication tool, but a fashionable accessory for them to show off. 四級(jí)模擬考試翻譯題中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)，簡(jiǎn)稱為春晚，是每年農(nóng)歷除夕為慶祝農(nóng)歷新年而現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的重要晚會(huì)。中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)是重要晚會(huì)。T

17、he CCTV Spring Festival Gala,is a great performance show.abbreviated to the Spring Festival Galathat is broadcast live annually at the Lunar New Years Eve to celebrate Lunar New Years arrivalThe CCTV Spring Festival Gala, abbreviated to the Spring Festival Gala, is a great performance show that is b

18、roadcast live annually at the Lunar New Years Eve to celebrate Lunar New Years arrival.自1983年首屆春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)在中央電視臺(tái)播出以來，每年除夕之夜它都如期播出，這一傳統(tǒng)一直延續(xù)至今。Since過去時(shí)，it has been broadcast and the tradition has continued . 句型中的時(shí)態(tài)如期:as schedule Since the first Spring Festival Gala was broadcast/ was staged in CCTV in 1983

19、, it has been broadcast as schedule at every Lunar New Years Eve and the tradition has continued up to today. 春晚在演出規(guī)模、演員陣容、播出時(shí)長(zhǎng)和海內(nèi)外收視率上創(chuàng)下了世界之最。創(chuàng)下了世界之最： set world records收視率: the number of audienceThe Spring Festival Gala has set world records in terms of its performance scale, the cast, the broadcas

20、t duration and the number of audience both at home and abroad.春晚也成了大多數(shù)中國(guó)人每逢春節(jié)必看的電視節(jié)目，是中國(guó)除夕之夜的文化盛宴。文化盛宴 the grand cultural feast The Spring Festival Gala has become one of the TV programs that most Chinese must watch at each Spring Festival and it has been/ become the grand cultural feast for Chinese

21、 Lunar New Years Eve. 2014年6月： 翻譯翻譯原文為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國(guó)已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育。這些資金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購(gòu)買書籍，使16萬多所中小學(xué)受益。資金還用于購(gòu)置音樂和繪畫器材?，F(xiàn)在農(nóng)村和山區(qū)的兒童可以與沿海城市的兒童一樣上音樂和繪畫課。一些為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生如今又回到了本地就讀。promote，invest, improve, strengthen purchase, benefit, transferfacilities, funds, instrument, costal cities, r

22、ural schools為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國(guó)已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育。【分析】時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 其他部分都是目的狀語, 可以用不定式或短語in order to 來表達(dá)。In order to promote equality in education, China has invested 36 billion Yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in Midwest areas.這些資

23、金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購(gòu)買書籍，使16萬多所中小學(xué)收益。第二句話由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成，且兩句主語一致，所以后半句可以考慮用非謂語動(dòng)詞。 These funds are used to improve teaching facilities and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools.資金還用于購(gòu)置音樂和繪畫器材。Funds are also used to purchase musical instrument and painting tools.現(xiàn)在農(nóng)村和山區(qū)的兒童可以與沿海城市的兒

24、童一樣上音樂和繪畫課?！癮s”引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句Now children in rural and mountain areas can have music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do.一些為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生如今又回到了本地農(nóng)村學(xué)校就讀?！皐ho”引導(dǎo)的定語從句Some students who have transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rur

25、al schools.練習(xí) 1中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、擴(kuò)大開放，這對(duì)海外企業(yè)（enterprises）意味著更多的商機(jī)。改革開放以來， 中國(guó)企業(yè)與海外企業(yè)一直積極開展經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企業(yè)不僅幫助了中國(guó)企業(yè)的成長(zhǎng)，而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國(guó)政府將繼續(xù)提供有利的政策和條件，推動(dòng)中國(guó)企業(yè)與國(guó)外企業(yè)進(jìn)一步開展合作。key 1China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to ove

26、rseas enterprises. Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from t

27、he cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.練習(xí) 2獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國(guó)最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來好運(yùn)的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tan

28、g Dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。Key 2The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion

29、 as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern

30、Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.練習(xí) 3假日經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)象表明：中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求正在從基本生活必需品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個(gè)人發(fā)展的需求。同時(shí)，中國(guó)人的消費(fèi)觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日經(jīng)濟(jì)中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)做相應(yīng)調(diào)整，來適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質(zhì)量的要求。Key 3The phenomenon of holiday eco

31、nomy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingl

32、y to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life.練習(xí) 4端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念愛國(guó)詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠(chéng)和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他給國(guó)家?guī)砹撕推胶头睒s。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）

33、和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。Key 4The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutin