固體懸浮物測(cè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1、水質(zhì) 懸浮物的測(cè)定 重量法Water quality Determination of suspended substance Gravimetric methodGB 11901-891 主題內(nèi)容和適用范圍本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了水中懸浮物的測(cè)定。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于地面水、地下水，也適用于生活污水和工業(yè)廢水中懸浮物測(cè)定。2 定義水質(zhì)中的懸浮物是指水樣通過孔徑為0.45卩m的濾膜，截留在濾膜上并于103105 C烘干至恒重的物質(zhì)。3 試劑蒸餾水或同等純度的水。4 儀器4.1 常用實(shí)驗(yàn)室儀器和以下儀器。4.2 全玻璃微孔濾膜過濾器。4.3 GN CA濾膜、孔徑 0.45卩m、直徑60mm。4.4 吸濾瓶、真空泵

2、4.5 無(wú)齒扁咀鑷子。5 采樣及樣品貯存5.1 采樣所用聚乙烯瓶或硬質(zhì)玻璃瓶要用洗滌劑洗凈。 再依次用自來(lái)水和蒸餾水沖洗干凈。 在采樣之 前，再用即將采集的水樣清洗三次。然后，采集具有代表性的水樣5001 OOOmL,蓋嚴(yán)瓶塞。注：漂浮或浸沒的不均勻固體物質(zhì)不屬于懸浮物質(zhì)，應(yīng)從水樣中除去。5.2 樣品貯存采集的水樣應(yīng)盡快分析測(cè)定。如需放置，應(yīng)貯存在4C冷藏箱中，但最長(zhǎng)不得超過七天。注：不能加入任何保護(hù)劑，以防破壞物質(zhì)在固、液間的分配平衡。6 步驟6.1 濾膜準(zhǔn)備用扁咀無(wú)齒鑷子夾取微孔濾膜放于事先恒重的稱量瓶里，移入烘箱中于103105 C烘干半小時(shí)后取出置干燥器內(nèi)冷卻至室溫，稱其重量。反復(fù)烘干

3、、冷卻、稱量，直至兩次稱量的重 量差w 0.2mg。將恒重的微孔濾膜正確的放在濾膜過濾器(4.1)的濾膜托盤上，加蓋配套的漏斗，并用夾子固定好。以蒸餾水濕潤(rùn)濾膜，并不斷吸濾。6.2 測(cè)定量取充分混合均勻的試樣 100mL 抽吸過濾。使水分全部通過濾膜。再以每次 10mL 蒸餾水 連續(xù)洗滌三次， 繼續(xù)吸濾以除去痕量水分。 停止吸濾后， 仔細(xì)取出載有懸浮物的濾膜放在原 恒重的稱量瓶里，移入烘箱中于103105 C下烘干一小時(shí)后移入干燥器中，使冷卻到室溫，稱其重量。反復(fù)烘干、冷卻、稱量，直至兩次稱量的重量差w0.4mg為止。注：濾膜上截留過多的懸浮物可能夾帶過多的水份，除延長(zhǎng)干燥時(shí)間外，還可能造成過

4、濾困難，遇此情況，可酌情少取試樣。濾膜上懸浮物過少，則會(huì)增大稱量誤差，影響測(cè)定精度， 必要時(shí)，可增大試樣體積。一般以5100mg懸浮物量做為量取試樣體積的實(shí)用范圍。7結(jié)果的表示懸浮物含量C(mg/L)按下式計(jì)算：防(4-刃"淞V式中：C 水中懸浮物濃度，mg/L ;A懸浮物+濾膜+稱量瓶重量，g;B濾膜+稱量瓶重量，g;V試樣體積，mL。附加說明：本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由國(guó)家環(huán)保局標(biāo)準(zhǔn)處技術(shù)提出。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由煙臺(tái)市環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心站負(fù)責(zé)起草。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要起草人李長(zhǎng)海、王文法。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委托中國(guó)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)總站負(fù)責(zé)解釋。Water quality Determ in ati on of suspe nded subst

5、a neeGravimetric methodGB 11901-891. Applicable scopeIt is used to test the SS in WaterIt can be used for testing the SS in the surface or underground water, also can be used totest domestic water and in dustrial waste water.2 Defini tionThe suspended substance is the stuff which is left on the filt

6、er film after being filtered with the hole diameter of um0.45 and has bee n dried in 103 to 105°C con diti on to sta ndingweight.3 Reage ntDistilled water or the water with same purity4 Apparatus4.1 Normal lab apparatus plus below ones4.2 Glass type micro film filter4.3 GN-CA filter film, hole

7、diameter 0.45um, Diameter 60mm.4.4 Suction bottle, vacuum pump4.5 Flat type tweezer5 Sampli ng and sample storage5.1 Sampli ngThe polyethyle ne bottle or hard glass bottle should be clea ned with deterge nt and the n washed by tap water and distilled water respectively. Before sampli ng, it should b

8、e clea ned with the sample water 3 times. The n represe ntative water sample should be take n at the volume of 500 to 1000ml, cover the cap tightly.Note: The non-consistent solid material floating or submerged can not be regarded as SS, which should be removed from the water sample.5.2 Sample storag

9、eThe water sample should be an alyzed ASAP. If it n eeds to be stored for some time, it should be stored in the refrigerator at 4°C . But the durati on can not be Ion ger tha n 7 days.Note: It is not allowed to add any protect ion age nt to avoid the damage on the bala nee of solid and liquid p

10、hase.6. Procedure6.1 Filteri ng film preparati onFirstly, take the microporous film and put it on the standing weight bottle. Then it will be dried in the oven for half an hour at the temperature of 103 to 105C . After that, it will bemoved out to cool in the dryer un til its temperature drops to ro

11、om temperature. It should be dried, cooled and weighted repeatedly un til the weight differe nee betwee n two subseque nt weigh ing is less tha n 0.2mg. Then the microporous film at con sta nt weight should be correctly put on the film support tray and match ing hopper should be equipped.Then it sho

12、uld be fastened with clamp. Wet the film with the distilled water and filtration and suct ion should be con ti nu ous.6.2 TestIt is to suck 100ml of homogeneously mixed sample for filtering to get the water running through the microporous film. Next , wash it 3 times con secutively with 10ml of dist

13、illed water each time. Continue suction and filtration until getting the residual water away. After stopping filtering, put the film with SS left on top in the weighing bottle and then put them in the oven with the temperature of 103 to 105 C for 1 hr. The n take it to the dryer to cool down to room

14、 temperature. Following step is to weigh it. The drying, cooling, and weighing should be repeated un til the weight differe nee of two con secutive weighti ngs is less tha n 0.4mg.Note: Excessive SS on the top of microporous film may con tain surplus moisture, which will in crease the difficulty of

15、filteri ng besides Ion ger drying time. In that case, we can reduce the sampling volume slightly. On another hand, less SS on the film will also raise the weigh ing error and affect the measureme nt precisi on. thus, sampli ng volume should be in creased corresp ondin gly. Normally the sampli ng is done in the sample ranging from 5 to 100mg of SS.7 Result calculati on:SS content:In which, C: SS con siste ncyg; A Weight of SS+ film+ weighing bottleB: Weight of film+ weighing bottleV: Sample volumeNote:This standard is provid