初中英語語法-現(xiàn)在完成時講解以及練習(xí)題講義精品精編資料

1、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)語法講解和習(xí)題鞏固1. 構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞 have(has)表明事情發(fā)生于現(xiàn)在。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞在句子中做謂語，說明句子的含義。2. 用法（ 1）動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在有某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just 、 already、 yet等副詞修飾。如：Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了（ 2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然

2、在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。如： He has taught here since 2011.他自2011 年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I have't seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。since 和 for 的區(qū)別since 后接時間點(diǎn)，如8:00， last term, yesterday, 3 days agofor后接一段時間，表示“長達(dá)多久 ”，如one year, two days, a long time等。Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Irel

3、and _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _5 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They

4、 have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.（ 3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語“過 ”，常帶有twice, ever, never, threetimes 等時間狀語。如：I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京二次。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語（ 1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, th

5、ree years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。a. 用副詞already 和yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑問句中。如：We have already finishedour homework. 我們已完成作業(yè)了。They haven't finished their homework yet. 他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng) ”或 “從未 “等。如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城

6、嗎？-I have never been to the Great Wall. 我從未去過長城。c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, the past few years 等。例如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾年他去過那里三次了。d.用包括 “現(xiàn)在 ”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)

7、 等。例如： -Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你見過他嗎？我沒有。（ 2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有 since 或 for 等表示 “一段時間 ”的狀語連用 , 表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如： I haven't seen him for two years. She has worked in the factory for 5 year.但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間 ”的狀語連用。 要用，必須改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來表述。表示短暫意義的動詞如 arrive, le

8、ave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭幼鞑豢赡艹掷m(xù)。因此，不能說：He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 years. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has _ for 4 years.They have _ only for 5 minute

9、s.現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：1.直接用延續(xù)性動詞buyhave；catch(get) a cold have a cold；borrowkeep；become be；put on- wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+名詞join the army be a soldier；join the Party be a Party member；go to schoolbe a student3 轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+形容詞或副詞diebe dead； finish be over；begin be on； leave be away ； fall sleep be asleep close

10、be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地 be in(at) +某地finishbe overopenbe open4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語go to schoolbe in school；get up_ be up；如： He has been a soldier for three years. 他參軍三年了。His father has been dead for two years.The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。We have already studied English for

11、 three years.我們已經(jīng)學(xué)英語三年了。他父親去世二年了。4.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：I have lost my new book. 我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明）5.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)（ 1） have been(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示 “

12、去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱； have gone(to)表示 “去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never, many times 等連用，后者則不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice. 他們曾去過北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing . 他已經(jīng)去北京了。（ 2）如單純表示一段時間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時間，雖有since 一詞，也不必用完成時。如： It is two years since his father died. = His father has been dead for two

13、 years. 他父親去世已有三年了。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years.A. joinedB. be inC. been inD. joined in2.We have been friends since _.A. childrenB. five yearsC. five years agoD. five years before3.Mike _ the story for a month.A. has boughtB. has hadC. had hadD. has borrowed4.You _ that question three

14、times.A. already askedB. have already askedC. already have askedD. asked already5.Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _.A. since last weekB. a week agoC. for a weekD. since a week ago6.I _ at this school for two years.A. am studyingB. studyC. studiedD. have studied7.They _ in the city since last su

15、mmer.A. liveB. didn t liveC. have livedD. live8.Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992.A. sinceB. fromC. afterD. in9.Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to10.His father _ for years.A. has diedB. has been deadC. diedD. dies11.Mary _ to see the fi

16、lms because she _ it twice.A. won t go, sawB. won t go, will seeC. won t go, has seenD. didn t go, sees13._ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, wasB.Have, been to, isC. Had, been to, isD.Have, gone to, is14.-_ you _ to Beijing?-No, I _.I _ there early next month.A. Have, b

17、een, haven t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven t, was goingD. Did,go, didn t, was going15.-You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true?-Yes , she _ there for two months.A. has been, has beenB. will go, has goneC. gone, will beD. has gone, has been42.His sister _ h

18、er hometown for three years. She'll return next yearA leftB has leftC has been awayD has been away from以適當(dāng)形式填空1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. - _ he _(finish) his work today ? -Not yet .3. -_you _(be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I _ (be) there twice .4. -_ you ever _(eat ) cho

19、colate sundaes ? -No, never.5. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teacher s office.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (每空一詞 )。1. I have been to Macau before.( 改為否定句 )I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasn t come to school because he 就劃線部分s提ill問()_ _ he come to school?3.

20、 He has learned English for 5 years. ( 就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ _ learned English ?5. We began to learn English three years ago.( 改為同義句 )We _ _ English _ three years6. He has lived here since 1999.( 就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ he_ here?7. They have already finished the work. （否定）They _ _ the work _.8. My father got there tw

21、o days ago. （同義句）My father _ _ _ for two days.9. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同義句）Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999.10. The factory opened ten years ago.（同義句）The factory _ _ _ for ten years.11.They have cleaned the room twice this week. ( 就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week?12.My father went to England in 2003 and 2005.（同義句）My father _ _ _ England _.13.John