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1、Review1句子的結(jié)構(gòu) L1簡(jiǎn)單陳述句:陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)的簡(jiǎn)單句。只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ),每個(gè)成分都是單詞或短語(yǔ)。陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),句末用句號(hào),分為肯定句和否定句。Father gave me a bike. I like you.句子開(kāi)頭第一個(gè)字母要大寫,末尾要有句點(diǎn)、問(wèn)號(hào)或感嘆號(hào)。2021/7/232簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序主語(yǔ)部分主語(yǔ)部分謂語(yǔ)部分謂語(yǔ)部分主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)(通常無(wú)強(qiáng)制性)方式地點(diǎn)時(shí)間IIThe childrenThe carThe girlboughtranshouted atstoppedreada hatmeangrily.Suddenly.quietlyhome.i

2、n her roomyesterday.all afternoon.2021/7/233簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序主語(yǔ)一般為名詞、代詞、或名詞短語(yǔ),通常位于動(dòng)詞之前。動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)一致,所以主語(yǔ)決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式(如 I am, you are, he has)賓語(yǔ)一般為名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。在主動(dòng)句中,賓語(yǔ)位于動(dòng)詞之后。一個(gè)句子不總需要有賓語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中有一種以上的副詞時(shí),地點(diǎn)副詞的一般位置是在方式副詞之后、時(shí)間副詞之前。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以在句尾,也可以在句首。2021/7/234練習(xí):調(diào)整語(yǔ)序Music I very much like.The news li

3、stened to I carefully.Quietly the door he opened.A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.Games played yesterday in their room the children quietly.The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.2021/7/235感嘆句 L2What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來(lái)表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情。構(gòu)成:What + 名詞(包括冠詞和形容詞) + 主語(yǔ)代詞 + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 +

4、 !It is a bad day. What a bad day it is!2021/7/236感嘆句練習(xí)It is a tall building.He is a strange guy.This is a wonderful garden.He is causing a lot of trouble!2021/7/237“動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換雙賓語(yǔ)由直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)組成。直接賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者,間接賓語(yǔ)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的方向(對(duì)誰(shuí)做)或動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)(為誰(shuí)做),間接賓語(yǔ)緊接在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后,但它不能單獨(dú)存在。它和直接賓語(yǔ)組成雙賓語(yǔ)。什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)雙賓語(yǔ)什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)雙賓語(yǔ)A friendl

5、y waiter taught me a few words of Italian. (L2)直接賓語(yǔ):直接賓語(yǔ): a few words of Italian間接賓語(yǔ):間接賓語(yǔ): me2021/7/238“動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換常用句型為:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。如:She gave me a cup of tea. 她給了我一杯茶。有時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)也可改為由介詞to或for引起的短語(yǔ),放在直接賓語(yǔ)的后面。如:She gave a cup of tea to me.2021/7/239雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換的例子He bought me a book. He bought a book

6、 for me.Tom left me a message. Tom left a message to me.She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us.Please pass me the salt. Please pass the salt to me.2021/7/2310“動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換常用的能接雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞常用的能接雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, of

7、fer, build, pass, bring, cook, refuse等。由to連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:pass, give, show, tell, lend, take等;e.g.: passto. 請(qǐng)把水遞給我。由for連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:buy, cook, get, sing, make等。e.g.: singfor 為他唱首歌吧。2021/7/2311雙賓語(yǔ)的特殊情況雙賓語(yǔ)的特殊情況1. 當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞(it/them),就需要在間接賓語(yǔ)之前加介詞to,并把這個(gè)帶to的間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后。如:Hand it to me, please. 請(qǐng)把它遞給我。(不能說(shuō)han

8、d me it)2. 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 母親每天都為我們做早飯。3. 當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)比直接賓語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)時(shí)。如:On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 在公共汽車上,他經(jīng)常把座位讓給老人。2021/7/2312已學(xué)過(guò)的時(shí)態(tài)歸納時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)用法用法動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞形式肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答及回答特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句及回答及回答一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2021/7/2313時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)用法用法動(dòng)詞形式動(dòng)詞形式肯定句肯定句否定句

9、否定句一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答及回答特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句及回答及回答一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般、經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣、真理原形/三單do/doesI doHe doesI dont doHe doesnt doDo you like milk?Yes, I do./No, I dont.What do you like?I like milk.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在某時(shí)正在做某事be+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are doingI am doingWe are doingHe isnt doingYou arent doingAre you reading?Yes, I am./No, Im not.What are you

10、doing?Im reading.一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間做了某事過(guò)去式didI didHe didI didnt doHe didnt doDid you drink milk?Yes, I did./No, I didnt.What did you do?I drank milk.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成某事,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響have/has+現(xiàn)在分詞He has doneYou have doneShe hasnt doneThey havent done.Has he come?Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.What has he done?He has come.202

11、1/7/2314一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作以及存在的狀態(tài),往往與頻度副詞連用。Do you often come here?I always go to the library on Friday.構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)do/does標(biāo)志詞:often, always, sometimes, never等2021/7/2315一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1.表示事物的本質(zhì)特性或客觀存在,沒(méi)有時(shí)限性。The table _ soft。(feels) 表特性特征。Japan _ in the east of China。 (locates) 表客觀事實(shí)2.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為,可帶頻率時(shí)間。T

12、he shop closes at 7:30 p.m.Father doesnt smoke. (習(xí)慣)3.表說(shuō)話時(shí)的狀態(tài),感覺(jué)或結(jié)果,一般用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如:It doesnt matter. Does it hurt? (感覺(jué)結(jié)果)2021/7/2316一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法特殊用法在條件、時(shí)間、讓步從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)。If you go there, Ill help you.用在begin, come, go, leave, return, open, close 等短暫謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表規(guī)定計(jì)劃。The plane takes off at 11:30. (不受主觀支配的計(jì)劃)在劇本、解說(shuō)、標(biāo)題或

13、there(here)開(kāi)頭的句中表進(jìn)行There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.I declare the meeting opens.(正在宣布)He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 (正在發(fā)生)2021/7/2317現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) L2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成: 主語(yǔ)be+ doing 標(biāo)志詞:now, at the momentHe is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Austra

14、lia . (L2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事件,往往與now, still等副詞連用。John is still sleeping.Mrs. Smith is cooking now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也用來(lái)表示當(dāng)前(一段時(shí)間)的動(dòng)向:Jack is working hard these days.We are singing together.2021/7/2318通常不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞通常不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示感覺(jué)或感情的詞,如:表示感覺(jué)或感情的詞,如:hear, see, smell, taste, feel,(感官動(dòng)詞)感官動(dòng)詞) seem, notice, hate,

15、 love, like, want, wish, refuse, prefer, forgive等。等。 表示存在或所屬的詞,如:表示存在或所屬的詞,如:exist, stay, remain, obtain, have, own, form, contain等。等。 表示認(rèn)識(shí)或理解的詞,如:表示認(rèn)識(shí)或理解的詞,如:understand, know, remember, forget, believe, think(認(rèn)為)認(rèn)為), doubt等等I think that you are a good friend. 這里表示“認(rèn)為”,是一種常態(tài),就不要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。I am thinking

16、about that where we are. 這里表示“考慮/思考”,是一種短期的動(dòng)作,就要用進(jìn)行時(shí)。2021/7/2319一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí) L3L3一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事情、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生,而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。I went to a park yesterday.構(gòu)成形式:主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式標(biāo)志詞:yesterday, last week, one month ago等某個(gè)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間。2021/7/2320練習(xí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式Work live study stopBegin drive draw feed Speak sell stand br

17、ingCan shall will mayCome hear mean letAm is are have hasbuild eat feel find go leave run see take make get buy2021/7/2321規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化1、一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -ed ,如: work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2、以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -d,如: live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把-y變?yōu)?

18、i 再加-ed,如:study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加 -ed,如: stop -stopped 2021/7/2322不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶。1把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如: beginbegandrinkdrankgivegaveringrangsingsangsitsat swimswam 2把重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中的i改為o,變成過(guò)去式。如: drivedrove,riderode,writewrote 3改動(dòng)詞

19、原形中的aw ow為ew,變成過(guò)去式。如: drawdrew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew(動(dòng)詞show除外,showshowed) 4動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o,變成過(guò)去式。如: getgot,forgetforgot 5動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過(guò)去式。如:feedfed,meetmet2021/7/2323不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成 6動(dòng)詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成過(guò)去式。如: keepkept,sleepslept,sweepswept 7動(dòng)詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過(guò)去式。如: breakbroke,speakspoke 8動(dòng)詞原形中的ell改為old

20、,變成過(guò)去式。如:sellsold,telltold 9動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過(guò)去式。如: standstood,understandunderstood10以ought和aught結(jié)尾,且讀音是 :t的過(guò)去式。如: bringbrought,buy bought,thinkthought,catchcaught,teachtaught2021/7/2324不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成 11以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。如: cancould,shallshould,willwould 12把動(dòng)詞原形中的o改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如: comecame,becomebecame

21、13在動(dòng)詞原形后加d或t變成過(guò)去式,并且發(fā)生音變。如: hearhi heardh :d, sayseisaidsed,meanmi:nmeantment14動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣。如: letlet,mustmust,putput,readreadred15不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。如: am/iswas,arewere,buildbuilt,dodid,eatate,fallfell,feelfelt,findfound,flyflew,gowent,have/has had,holdheld,leaveleft,makemade, maymight,runran,seesaw,ta

22、ketook get got buy bought fly-flew2021/7/2325過(guò)去式“-ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則 (1)動(dòng)詞詞尾為“t,d”時(shí),發(fā)/ id /音, want wanted (要)need needed (需要) (2)動(dòng)詞詞尾為清輔音時(shí),發(fā)/ t / 音。 help helped (幫助)laugh laughed (笑)look looked (看) kiss kissed (吻)wash washed (洗) watch watched (注視)(3)動(dòng)詞詞尾為t,d以外之濁輔音或元音時(shí),發(fā)/ d /音。 call called (叫)staystayed (停留)cr

23、ycried (哭)2021/7/2326元元 音音12個(gè)單元音個(gè)單元音長(zhǎng)元音長(zhǎng)元音a:i: u:短元音短元音i ue8個(gè)雙元音個(gè)雙元音ai eiii e u auu 輔輔 音音10對(duì)對(duì)清輔音清輔音p tkfsttrts濁輔音濁輔音b dgvz3d3drdz3個(gè)鼻音個(gè)鼻音mn3個(gè)似拼音個(gè)似拼音hrl2個(gè)半元音個(gè)半元音wj2021/7/2327現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) L4L4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或表示一種經(jīng)歷。它屬于“現(xiàn)在”的范疇,因此不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用。構(gòu)成:have/has +過(guò)去分詞2021/7/2328up

24、 to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. (L6)up to now=up till now =up to present 多數(shù)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中使用多數(shù)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中使用2021/7/2329現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)場(chǎng)合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)場(chǎng)合表示一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事,這事與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系,??珊蚸ust, already, yet, recently, ever ,never這類副詞連用。Ive l

25、ost my key.He hasnt come back yet.The rain has already stopped.Have you seen Lucy recently?也可和表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如today, this week, this month, in the past few years, so far, up to now 。I havent seen him today.2021/7/2330現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)場(chǎng)合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)場(chǎng)合還常和for 及since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)或與How long 連用 I havent seen you for

26、 months.也常常單獨(dú)使用不需要任何狀語(yǔ)。 She has found a new job.這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)還表示 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。 How long has he been ill?2021/7/2331現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成一般的動(dòng)詞直接加ed 如:work -worked末尾以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加d 如:live lived輔音加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i加ed 如:try tried元音加輔音結(jié)尾,該音節(jié)重讀,則雙寫加ed 如:stop stopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞: 如:beatbeaten taketaken havehad begin-begun2021/7/2332練習(xí)There _ an eraser und

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