醫(yī)學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)英文詞匯翻譯

1、醫(yī)學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯acrocentric chromosome近端著絲粒染色體actin肌動(dòng)蛋白actin filament肌動(dòng)蛋白絲actinomycin D放線(xiàn)菌素Dactivator活化物active transport主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸adenine腺嘌呤adenosine monophosphate, AMP腺苷一磷酸, 腺苷酸adenyl cyclase, AC腺苷酸環(huán)化酶adhesion plaque黏著斑agranular endoplasmic reticulum無(wú)顆粒內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)Alzheimer disease阿爾茨海默病amino acid氨基酸aminoacyl site,

2、A site氨基酰位，A位amitosis; direct division無(wú)絲分裂；直接分裂a(bǔ)mphipathic molecule雙型性分子anaphase后期anchoring junction錨定連接annular granule孔環(huán)顆粒anticoding strand 反編碼鏈antigen抗原antiparallel逆平行性apoptic body凋亡小體apoptosis凋亡assembly組裝aster星體asymmetry不對(duì)稱(chēng)性autolysis自溶作用autophagolysosome自噬性溶酶體autophagy自噬作用autoradiography放射自顯影技術(shù)au

3、tosome常染色體B lymphocyteB淋巴細(xì)胞bacteria細(xì)菌base substitution堿基替換belt desmosome帶狀橋粒bioblast生命小體biological macromolecule生物大分子biomembrane生物膜biotechnology生物技術(shù)bivalent二價(jià)體breakage斷裂cadherin鈣粘連素calmodulin, CaM鈣調(diào)蛋白cAMP環(huán)一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependent protein kinase環(huán)一磷酸腺苷依賴(lài)型蛋白激酶capping 戴帽carrier protein載體蛋白cat cry syndrome貓叫綜

4、合癥cell division cycle geneCDC基因cell細(xì)胞cell and molecular biology細(xì)胞分子生物學(xué)cell biology細(xì)胞生物學(xué)cell coat; glycocalyx細(xì)胞衣；糖萼cell culture細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)cell cycle細(xì)胞周期cell cycle-regulating protein細(xì)胞周期調(diào)節(jié)蛋白cell cycle time細(xì)胞周期時(shí)間cell determination細(xì)胞決定cell differentiation細(xì)胞分化cell division cycle, CDC細(xì)胞分裂周期cell division cycle ge

5、ne, CDC gene細(xì)胞分裂周期基因cell engineering細(xì)胞工程cell fractionation細(xì)胞分級(jí)分離cell fusion細(xì)胞融合cell junction細(xì)胞連接cell line細(xì)胞系cell membrane; plasma membrane細(xì)胞膜；質(zhì)膜cell plate細(xì)胞板cell proliferation細(xì)胞增殖cell recognition細(xì)胞識(shí)別cell surface antigen細(xì)胞表面抗原cell theory細(xì)胞學(xué)說(shuō)cell strain細(xì)胞株cell aging 細(xì)胞衰老cell synchronization細(xì)胞同步化cellul

6、ar oxidation細(xì)胞氧化cellular respiration細(xì)胞呼吸c(diǎn)entral granule中央顆粒centromere著絲粒chalone抑素channel protein通道蛋白chemiosmotic hypothesis化學(xué)滲透假說(shuō)chiasmata交叉cholesterol膽固醇chromatid染色單體chromatin染色質(zhì)chromomere染色粒chromosome染色體chromosome arm染色體臂chromosome banding染色體帶chromosome disease染色體病chromosome engineering染色體工程chromo

7、some scaffold染色體支架chromosome syndrome染色體綜合癥cis Golgi networkcisterna（pl. cisternae）順面高爾基網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)扁平囊clathrin籠蛋白clone克隆coated pit有被小窩coated vesicle包被小泡coding strand編碼鏈codon密碼子codon degeneracy密碼子兼并性coenzyme輔酶collagenfibronectin, FN纖連蛋白communication junction通訊連接complementation互補(bǔ)性condensation stage凝集期confoca

8、l laser scanning microscope共焦激光掃描顯微鏡connexin連接子constitutive heterochromatin結(jié)構(gòu)異染色質(zhì)continuous microtubules極微管converting enzyme 轉(zhuǎn)變酶crista（pl. cristae）嵴cyanine胞嘧啶cyclin細(xì)胞周期素cydoeximide放線(xiàn)菌酮cytidine monophosphate, CMP胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis細(xì)胞質(zhì)分裂cytology細(xì)胞學(xué)cytoplasm細(xì)胞質(zhì)cytoplasm engineering細(xì)胞質(zhì)工程cytoplasm subst

9、itution細(xì)胞質(zhì)代換cytoplasmic plaque胞質(zhì)斑cytoskeleton細(xì)胞骨架dark field microscope暗視野顯微鏡dedifferentiation去分化degeneracy兼并deletion缺失density gradient centrifugation密度梯度離心deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脫氧腺苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脫氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脫氧鳥(niǎo)苷酸deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA脫氧核

10、糖核酸deoxythymidine monophosphate, dTMP脫氧胸苷酸desmosome橋粒diakinesis 終變期differential centrifugation差速離心differential expression差異性表達(dá)differentiation induction分化誘導(dǎo)differentiation inhibition分化抑制diplococcus pneumonia肺炎雙球菌diplotene 雙線(xiàn)期disassembly去組裝DNA probe DNA探針DNA synthesis phaseDNA合成期dosage compensation劑量補(bǔ)

11、償doublet二聯(lián)管duplication重復(fù)effector效應(yīng)器electric coupling 電偶聯(lián)electron microscope電子顯微鏡elementary particle基粒eletronfusion 電融合elongation factor, EF延長(zhǎng)因子embryonic induction胚胎誘導(dǎo)作用endocytosis內(nèi)吞作用endolysosome內(nèi)體性溶酶體endomembrane system內(nèi)膜系統(tǒng)endoplasmic reticulum, ER內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)enhancer增強(qiáng)子enzyme酶equatorial plane赤道面eucaryotes真

12、核生物euchromatin常染色質(zhì)eukaryotic cell真核細(xì)胞exocytosis 胞吐作用exon外顯子extracellular matrix, ECM細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)extrinsic; peripheral protein外在蛋白；外周蛋白F body熒光小體facilitated diffusion易化擴(kuò)散facultative heterochromatin兼性異染色質(zhì)fibrillar component原纖維成分fibronectin, FN纖粘連蛋白fibrous actin, F-actin纖維狀肌動(dòng)蛋白flanking sequence側(cè)翼順序fluid mosai

13、c model液態(tài)鑲嵌模型fluorescence microscope熒光顯微鏡fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, FRAP熒光漂白恢復(fù)fork-initiation protein叉起始蛋白frameshift mutation移碼突變free cell游離細(xì)胞free diffusion自由擴(kuò)散free energy自由能galactocerebroside半乳糖腦苷脂ganglioside神經(jīng)節(jié)苷脂gap junction間隙連接gene基因gene cluster基因簇gene engineering基因工程gene express

14、ion基因表達(dá)gene family基因家族gene mutation基因突變genetic code遺傳密碼genetic message 遺傳信息genome基因組genome engineering染色體工程genomic DNA library基因組DNA文庫(kù)glycogen storage disease type型糖原蓄積病glycolipid糖脂glycoprotein糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan, GAG氨基聚糖glycosylation糖基化Golgi apparatus高爾基器Golgi body高爾基體Golgi complex高爾基復(fù)合體granular c

15、omponent顆粒成分granular drop脫粒granular endoplasmic reticulum顆粒內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)growth factor生長(zhǎng)因子GT-AG ruleGT-AG法則guanine鳥(niǎo)嘌呤guanosine monophosphate, GMP鳥(niǎo)苷一磷酸，鳥(niǎo)苷酸hemidesmosome半橋粒hereditary factor遺傳因子heterochromatin異染色質(zhì)heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA不均一核RNAheterokaryon異核體heterophagolysosome異噬性溶酶體heterophagy異噬作用heterop

16、yknosis異固縮highly repetitive sequence高度重復(fù)序列histone組蛋白holoenzyme全酶homokaryon同核體housekeeping gene管家基因housekeeping protein管家蛋白human leukocyte antigen, HLA人白細(xì)胞抗原h(huán)yaluronic acid, HA透明質(zhì)酸hybrid cell雜交細(xì)胞hyperdiploid超二倍體hypodiploid亞二倍體immunofluorescence microscopy免疫熒光顯微鏡技術(shù)immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白in vitro離體的in vivo

17、體內(nèi)的inactive X hypothesis失活X假說(shuō)inborn errors of metabolism先天性代謝缺陷病inducer誘導(dǎo)物induction誘導(dǎo)inhibitor of mitotic factor, IMF有絲分裂因子抑制物initiation factor, IF起始因子inner membrane內(nèi)膜inner nuclear membrane內(nèi)層核膜insertion sequence, IS插入順序Integral protein整合蛋白integrin整連蛋白inter membrane space; outer chamber膜間腔；外室intercel

18、lular communication細(xì)胞間通訊intercristal space; inner chamber嵴間腔；內(nèi)室intermediate filament中間纖維internal membrane內(nèi)膜internal reticular apparatus內(nèi)網(wǎng)器interphase間期interstitial deletion中間缺失interzonal microtubules區(qū)間微管intracristal space嵴內(nèi)腔intra-nucleolar chromatin核仁內(nèi)染色質(zhì)intrinsic; integral protein內(nèi)在蛋白；整合蛋白intron內(nèi)含子i

19、nversion倒位inverted repetitive sequence 倒位重復(fù)順序ionic channel離子通道ionic coupling離子偶聯(lián)jumping gene跳躍基因karyotype核型kinetochore著絲點(diǎn)kinetochore microtubules動(dòng)粒微管Klinefelters syndrome先天性睪丸發(fā)育不全癥lagging strand后隨鏈laminin, LN層粘連蛋白lateral diffusion側(cè)向擴(kuò)散leading strand前導(dǎo)鏈leptotene 細(xì)線(xiàn)期ligand; chemical signal配體；化學(xué)信號(hào)light

20、microscope光學(xué)顯微鏡linear polymer線(xiàn)性多聚體linker連接線(xiàn)liposome脂質(zhì)體liquid crystal液晶low density lipoprotein, LDL低密度脂蛋白luxury gene奢侈基因luxury protein奢侈蛋白lymphokine淋巴激活素lymphotoxin淋巴毒素lysosome溶酶體major histocompatibility complex, MHC組織相容性復(fù)合體malignancy惡性matrical granule基質(zhì)顆粒matrix基質(zhì)matrix fibronectin, mFN基質(zhì)纖連蛋白maturati

21、on-prompting factor, MPF成熟促進(jìn)因子medial Golgi stack高爾基中間囊膜meiosis減數(shù)分裂membrane antigen膜抗原membrane carbohydrate膜碳水化合物membrane flow膜流membrane lipid膜脂membrane protein膜蛋白membrane receptor膜受體membranous structure膜相結(jié)構(gòu)messenger RNA信使核糖核酸mesosome 中間體metabolic coupling代謝偶聯(lián)metacentric chromosome中央著絲粒染色體metaphase中期

22、micelle微團(tuán)microfilament微絲microscopy顯微鏡技術(shù)microsome微粒體microtrabecular lattice微梁網(wǎng)格microtubule微管microtubule associated protein, MAP微管結(jié)合蛋白microtubule organizing centers, MTOC微管組織中心microvillus微絨毛middle repetitive sequence 中度重復(fù)序列miniband微帶missense mutation錯(cuò)義突變mitochondria線(xiàn)粒體mitosis有絲分裂mitosis phase有絲分裂期mito

23、tic apparatus有絲分裂器mitotic factor, MF有絲分裂因子mobility流動(dòng)性model for controlling gene expression基因表達(dá)調(diào)控模型molecular biology分子生物學(xué)molecular disease分子病monopotent cell單能細(xì)胞monosomy單體性multiple coiling model多級(jí)螺旋模型multipotent cell多能細(xì)胞myasthenia gravis重癥肌無(wú)力癥mycoplasma支原體myofibrils肌原纖維necrosis壞死neuropeptide 神經(jīng)肽non-co

24、ntinuation不連續(xù)性non-histone非組蛋白non-membranous structure非膜相結(jié)構(gòu)nonsense mutation無(wú)義突變nuclear envelope核被膜nuclear lamina核纖層nuclear matrix核基質(zhì)nuclear pore核孔nuclear pore complex核孔復(fù)合體nuclear sap核液nuclear sex核性別nuclear skeleton核骨架nucleic acid 核酸nucleic acid hybridization核酸分子雜交nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio核質(zhì)比nucleoid

25、類(lèi)核體nucleoids擬核nucleolar associated chromatin核仁相隨染色質(zhì)nucleolar organizing region核仁組織區(qū)nucleolus核仁nucleosome核小體nucleotide核苷酸nucleosome core核小體核心nucleus細(xì)胞核nucleus transplantation核移植法nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid核質(zhì)雜種Okazaki fragment崗崎片段oligomer fibronectin,oFN寡聚纖連蛋白o(hù)ncogene癌基因operator gene 操縱基因operon操縱子operon

26、theory操縱子學(xué)說(shuō)organelle細(xì)胞器origin起點(diǎn)outer membrane外膜outer nuclear membrane外層核膜overlapping gene重疊基因oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化pachytene 粗線(xiàn)期pairing stage配對(duì)期partial monosome部分單體partial trisomy部分三體passive transport 被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸patching成斑現(xiàn)象peptide bond肽鍵peptidyl site, P site 肽基位；P位perinuclear space核間隙perinucleolar

27、 chromatin 核仁周?chē)旧|(zhì)peripheral granule周邊顆粒peripheral protein外周蛋白permeability通透性peroxisome; microbody過(guò)氧化物酶體；微體phagocytosis吞噬作用phagolysosome吞噬性溶酶體phagosome自噬體phase contrast microscope相差顯微鏡phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH苯丙氨酸羥化酶phenylketonuria, PKU苯丙酮尿癥phosphatidylinositol, PL磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯鍵p

28、hosphodiesterase, PDE磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油酯phospholipase C,PLC磷脂酶Cphospholipid磷脂pinocytosis胞飲作用pinocytotic vesicle吞飲泡plasma cell漿細(xì)胞plasma fibronectin, pFN血漿纖連蛋白plasmid質(zhì)粒point mutation點(diǎn)突變polar microtubule極間微管polarizing microscope偏光顯微鏡polyadenylation多聚腺苷酸反應(yīng)polyploid多倍體polyribosome多聚核糖體premature co

29、ndensed chromosome, PCC早熟染色體premeiosis interphase減數(shù)分裂前間期primary constriction主縊痕primary culture原代培養(yǎng)primary culture cell原代細(xì)胞programmed cell death 細(xì)胞程序性死亡prokaryotes原核生物prokaryotic cell原核細(xì)胞promotor啟動(dòng)子promotor gene 啟動(dòng)基因prophase前期protein蛋白質(zhì)protein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶Cproteoglycan, PG蛋白聚糖protofilament原纖維pro

30、tooncogene原癌基因protoplasm原生質(zhì)purine嘌呤堿pyrimidine嘧啶堿receptor mediated endocytosis受體介導(dǎo)的內(nèi)吞作用reciprocal translocation相互易位recombinant DNA technology重組DNA技術(shù)recombination nodules重組小節(jié)recombination stage重組期recondensation stage再凝集期redifferentiation再分化regulator gene調(diào)節(jié)基因release factor, RF釋放因子replication復(fù)制replicat

31、ion eyes復(fù)制眼replication fork復(fù)制叉replicon復(fù)制子repressor阻礙物resolving power分辨力residual body殘?bào)wrespiratory chain呼吸鏈restriction endonuclease限制性?xún)?nèi)切核酸酶restriction point 限制點(diǎn)reverse transcription逆轉(zhuǎn)錄rho factor, 因子ribonucleic acid, RNA核糖核酸ribophorin核糖體結(jié)合蛋白ribosomal RNA核糖體核糖核酸ribosome核糖核蛋白體RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶rough

32、endoplasmic reticulum, rERsac粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)扁平囊same sense mutation同義突變sarcoplasmic reticulum肌質(zhì)網(wǎng)satellite隨體scanning electron microscope掃描電子顯微鏡scanning tunneling microscope 掃描隧道電子顯微鏡secondary constriction 次縊痕secondary culture傳代培養(yǎng)semiautonomous organelle半自主性的細(xì)胞器semiconservative replication半保留復(fù)制semidiscontinuous

33、replication半不連續(xù)復(fù)制sensor感受器sequential expression順序表達(dá)sex chromosome 性染色體signal codon信號(hào)密碼子signal hypothesis信號(hào)肽假說(shuō)signal molecule信號(hào)分子signal peptide信號(hào)肽signal recognition particle, SPR信號(hào)識(shí)別顆粒simple diffusion簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散single sequence單一序列single-stranded DNA binding protein單鏈DNA結(jié)合蛋白singlet單管small nuclear RNA, snRNA小分子細(xì)胞核RNAsmooth endoplasmic reticulum, sER滑面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)solenoid螺線(xiàn)管sparsomycin稀疏酶素sphingomyelin神經(jīng)鞘磷脂spindle紡錘體splicing 剪接split gene斷裂基因start codon起始密碼子stem c