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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上名詞、代詞1、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧(一) 名詞1. 名詞的數(shù)(1) 可數(shù)名詞 一般是個(gè)體名詞,如a boy(一個(gè)男孩),集體名詞a family(一個(gè)家庭),可數(shù)名詞在句子中必須有頭或是有尾,頭就是a,one,an或物主代詞;尾就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化形式: 情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后讀/s/,濁輔音或原音后讀/z/bookbookskeykeys以o結(jié)尾的表示有生命的名詞加-es讀/z/tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的名詞加-es讀/iz/busbuseswatchwatchesboxboxes以ce

2、,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的名詞加-s讀/iz/casecasesorangeoranges以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i,再加-es讀/z/familyfamiliespartyparties以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f或fe為v,再加-es讀/z/knifeknivesleafleaves 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)變化形式:變內(nèi)部元音字母foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men詞尾加enchild-children, ox-oxen單復(fù)數(shù)同形fish, sheep, deer, means, Chinese, yuan, jin, li特殊的復(fù)數(shù)形

3、式:1)集體名詞:集體名詞不能運(yùn)用具體的數(shù)字修飾,下面的集體名詞,不能用a,one,two等修飾,只能在其前加the表示“全體”。the police警察(指全體警察) the English英國(guó)人(指全體英國(guó)人)the French法國(guó)人(指全體法國(guó)人) 2)復(fù)合名詞a woman teacherwomen teachers女教師 an EnglishmanEnglishmen英國(guó)男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人 a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law內(nèi)兄、內(nèi)弟、小叔、大伯(2) 不可數(shù)名詞 專有名詞:NBA全美籃球協(xié)會(huì) Michael Jackson

4、邁克杰克遜 the West Lake西湖物質(zhì)名詞:液體:milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉類:beef chicken mutton pork天氣:weather rain snow wind light 光其他:news(新聞,消息) bread(面包)抽象名詞:fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress進(jìn)步【注意】有些不可數(shù)的物質(zhì)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表達(dá)不同意義。tea different kinds of teas 不同種類的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各種各樣的食品fr

5、uit 水果 all kinds of fruits 各種各樣的水果glass 玻璃 a glass 一個(gè)玻璃杯 glasses 眼鏡、玻璃杯【名詞的格】1)表示有生命的東西的名詞所有格。一般在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加's。如:Tom's chair; the children's bedroom以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加“'”。如:the students' reading room并列名詞 表示各自所屬時(shí),在兩個(gè)名詞之后都加s;w表示共同所屬時(shí)。在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's。如:Tom and Mike's father 湯姆和邁克的父親(倆人共

6、有的父親) Toms and Mikes fathers 湯姆的父親和邁克的父親(倆人各自的父親)表示店鋪,某人的家,私人開(kāi)的診所、餐館等,其所有格后的名詞(如shop等)可以省略。如: at Toms 在湯姆家里 at the tailor's在裁縫店 at a chemist's在藥店 2)表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞的所有格,常常用“of+名詞”的形式。如:the covers of the book(s)書(shū)的封面 a photo of my family一張我家的全家福注意:表示有生命東西的名詞,如果名詞較長(zhǎng)或名詞的定語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)也可用“of+名詞”的形式。如:the works

7、of Lu Xun, Lao She and Mao Dun the founding of the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó)的成立表示時(shí)間、距離、集體、城市、國(guó)家、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)及某些慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞,可用's。如:yesterday's newspaper昨天的報(bào)紙 five minutes drive開(kāi)車五分鐘的路程of短語(yǔ)所表示的是修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容或材料。如: a map of the world 世界地圖 a ring of gold 金戒指 某些習(xí)慣用法中of短語(yǔ)不能替換's結(jié)構(gòu)。如: teachers'

8、; office 教師辦公室 children's book 兒童讀物(二) 代詞:英語(yǔ)中代詞有人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞。人稱代詞:人  稱單       數(shù)復(fù)       數(shù)主  格賓  格主  格賓  格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hesheithimherittheythem通    稱oneones物主代

9、詞:人  稱單      數(shù)復(fù)      數(shù)形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱mymineourours第二人稱youryoursyouryours第三人稱his her itshis hers itstheirtheirs通    稱one's反身代詞:人  稱單   數(shù)復(fù)   數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfhersel

10、fitselfthemselves通    稱oneself不定代詞:常見(jiàn)的有some,any,all,none,both,either,either,each, other,another,much,many,few,little,one等指示代詞:this,that,these,thoseWhowhomwhosewhichwhat誰(shuí)(主格) 誰(shuí)(賓格)誰(shuí)的哪個(gè),哪些什么疑問(wèn)代詞:2、 典型例題( )1. How many _ were lost in the fire!Alife Blives Clifes( )2. We will have a _ holi

11、day, What about going to West Lake?Atwo dayBtwo-day Ctwo-daysDtwo days( )3. I have _ to do this evening.Aa lot of works Bmany work Ca lot of workDsome works( )4.There is good_ for you. I've found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts( )5.My uncle will come to my house for din

12、nerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice( )6.The teacher said we needed to choose three        for the school concert.   A. farmers     B. doctors       C. driv

13、ers       D. singers ( )7.        exciting news! We will have        long holiday after the exam.  A. What an, a     B. What, a      C. How an, the &#

14、160;     D. How, the                               ( )8        exciting news! We will have 

15、0;      long holiday after the exam.  A. What an, a     B. What, a      C. How an, the       D. How, the               &

16、#160;               ( )9. Miss Brown will teach _ English next term.   A. us  B. we C. our D. ours( )10._ are League members. A. He and me  B. I and he  C. He and I  D. Me and he( )11.We are in a hurr

17、y, so we cant look after _.       A. they B. their C. theirs D. them( )12.“Look at that bike,” he said to his brother. “Isnt it one of _?” A. ours B. ours C. ours  D. our( )13. Would you please give _? A him it B it him C to him it D it to him( )14. She always thin

18、ks of _ more than _. A others, her B the others, she C others, herself D the others, herself( )15. -Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow one or the pink one?- _. I like a light blue one.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither三、課后練習(xí)( )1-How far is your cousins home from here? -Its about two _ drive.A.

19、 hours B. hours C. hours D. hour( )2- Good morning, madam. Can I help you? -Sure, Id like _ for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread C. five kilos of oil( )3-Would you like some drinks, boys? -Yes, _ , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolate C. some cakes D. two

20、boxes of cola( )4-Look! Do you know _man under the tree? -Sorry .Its too far to see _clearly.A. this; himB. that; hisC. this; herD. that; him( )5-Which of the caps will you take? -Ill take _,one for my father ,the other for my brother.A. neitherB. bothC. all( )6-Who helped you clean the classroom ye

21、sterday? -_.I cleaned it all by myself.A. SomebodyB. NobodyC. Everybody( )7-Excuse me .I want to buy some stamps. Where can I find a post office? -I know _not far from here. You can easily find _.A. that; itB. it; oneC. one; it( )8_of the hats suited him, so Jack had to try on the third one.A. Neith

22、erB. EitherC. Both( )9-Have you got _ready for the sports meeting? -Not yet. We still have _to do.A. anything; nothingB. something; everythingC. everything; something( )10. All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. it D. them( )11. -Linda, help _ to some fruits. -Thank

23、 you!A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves ( )12. She is a student and _ name is Kate.A. she B. her C. hers( )13This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _ new words in it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few( )14. Today is September 10th. It's_ Day. Let's

24、go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's ( )15 .He had something to write down and asked me for_, A. a paper B. some papers C some pieces papers D. a piece of paper( )16. The _ now is that we have lots of _ to ask, A. problem; quest

25、ions B. question; problems C question; problem D. problem; question ( )17. - Can I just have a try? -Sure. It doesn't if you give a wrong answer. A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care ( )18. - Could you move over a little and make some_ for me? - Sure. Please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground (

26、 )19. -What would you like to drink, girls? -_, please. A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees ( )20. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs far _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks ( )21. I'd like something to read. W

27、ould you please pass me the _? A.pen B. box C. ruler D. book ( )22. September 10th is _. A. Women's Day B. Children's Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers' Day ( )23. -How do you get home from _? By bus? -No, I walk. _ isn't very far. A. school, The school B. the school, The school C. t

28、he school, School D. school, School 24. She began to learn French all by herself last year. She began to _ _ (自學(xué)) French last year.25. This is not my pencil-box. _(I)is in the bag.26. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _(he)?27. Did you enjoy _ (you),Mary and Kate?28.The hunter was very sma

29、rt and brave. When two _ (狼) came, he wasnt afraid at all. 典型例題答案專心-專注-專業(yè)1答案:B此題考查名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題,根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的動(dòng)詞were得知此題應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,而life這個(gè)名詞屬于以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞,改f,fe為ve再加s,注意這里的lives讀laivz。2答案:B此題考查復(fù)合名詞作定語(yǔ),復(fù)合名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,中間用連字符號(hào)。當(dāng)然如果不用連字符號(hào)也可以用名詞的所有格形式,此題的命題陷阱在選項(xiàng)D上,選項(xiàng)D two days,如果是two days就可以選用,同學(xué)們一定要注意所有格符號(hào)的位置。3答案

30、:C此題主要考查work這個(gè)詞的用法,work當(dāng)“工作”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞(當(dāng)然當(dāng)作著作講時(shí)是可以加s的),所以A選項(xiàng)不能選用;B選項(xiàng)many不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也不能選用;D選項(xiàng),work加了s,也不能選用,只能用C選項(xiàng)。a lot of可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞,此題中文“今天晚上我有許多工作要做”。4答案A。解析 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是以s結(jié)尾的名詞,其中A為不可數(shù)名詞,B、C、D為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,句中用了連系動(dòng)詞is,5答案B。解析下文說(shuō)制作蔬菜沙拉,故選蔬菜類的tomatoes。6答案 D。 解析可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在原形后加“s”。根據(jù)school concert可知,需要挑選的是

31、singers。7答案 B。 解析news為不可數(shù)名詞,其前面不能用a/an來(lái)修飾。不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量可借助單位詞組來(lái)表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。8答案 B。 解析news為不可數(shù)名詞,其前面不能用a/an來(lái)修飾。不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量可借助單位詞組來(lái)表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。9答案:B分析:  teach 是及物動(dòng)詞后面帶賓語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)該用代詞的賓格。10答案:C分析: 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看空

32、格處應(yīng)填主語(yǔ)所以要填主格,按英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣在并列主語(yǔ)中,I總是放在最后。11答案:D分析:look after 是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其中的after是介詞,需要接賓格形式。另外,我們也可以把look after看作是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,其后面也應(yīng)該接賓格形式。12答案:C分析:在“one of + ?”結(jié)構(gòu)中要用名詞性物主代詞,根據(jù)前文,它相當(dāng)于“a bike of ours”。13 D分析:英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)(人)與間接賓語(yǔ)(物)都用人稱代詞時(shí),一定要先講間接賓語(yǔ)(物)后講直接賓語(yǔ)(人),而且要在直接賓語(yǔ)(人)前加上介詞“to”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“”。14 C”分析:在英語(yǔ)中,“別人”屬于“泛指”,應(yīng)

33、譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語(yǔ)。由于這里的“她”與主語(yǔ)的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人,因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ),要用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“。15“C”分析:在英語(yǔ)中,“一些,另一些”有兩種譯法:“Some , the others ”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況,而“Some , others ”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息,而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”,顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選。16 C分析:英語(yǔ)中,“too to”意為“太而不能”,具有否定的含義。因此,“for sb.”中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否定句中的“any

34、one”才對(duì)。17 D分析:帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前,應(yīng)該用代詞詞組:“some of”(意為“其中一些”)、“much of”(意為“其中許多”)、“most of”(意為“其中大多數(shù)”)等?!皌he most of”(意為“其中最多的”)在本句中的譯法欠妥,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選:。18 D分析:意為“兩者都不”、“none”或“no one”意為“三者以上都不”、“either”意為“兩者之一”、“one”意為“三者以上之一”、“between”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意,答句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)“我恐怕沒(méi)有一天能行”, 19:B分析:在英語(yǔ)中,“另兩個(gè)”的譯

35、法有多種:“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室,“另兩間”的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是“確指”的,因此,必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了“two”,因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。 20 B分析:要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱性:這句是“the dishes on Table One”(一桌上的菜)和“the dishes on Table Two”(二桌上的菜)作比較,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略?!皌hat”與“those”是比較級(jí)句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù),因此,要用“those”來(lái)代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選:21 D分析:要注意在“There is ”或“There are ”的比較級(jí)句型中,習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選:22 B分析:take sth with sb意思是“隨身帶”,指代很明確,不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)。但是,后半句如果用her,則可能理解為她與別人談話,與第二句的意思不

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