新視界大學英語綜合教程4Unit7PPT學習教案

1、會計學1新視界大學英語綜合教程新視界大學英語綜合教程4Unit7Watch the video clip about Michael Phelps learning Chinese, supposed you are his teacher, try to find out his problem and give some suggestion.Warming up第1頁/共119頁Warming up Match the scripts with the languages.Answer:1 (a) 2 (c) 3 (e) 4 (b) 5 (f) 6 (d) 第2頁/共119頁Warmin

2、g up Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Which of the languages in Activity 1 do you think would be the easiest to learn? Why?Which do you think would be the most difficult?What is the easiest thing about learning English?4 What is the most difficult thing about learning English?第3頁/共119頁Warmin

3、g up Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Why would speakers of English want to learn Chinese?2 What difficulties do you think they might have?3 What might they find easy? 4 How many characters do you think a foreigner needs to know to be able to read Chinese?5 Do you think Chinese grammar is m

4、ore or less difficult than English grammar?Now read the passage and compare your answers with the writers.第4頁/共119頁SkimmingBrowse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 137.TaskTask第5頁/共119頁Skimming Match the facts with the correct

5、numbers.Answer: (d) 2 (c) 3 (h) 4 (b) 5 (g) 6 (a) 7 (e) 8 (f)(a) about seven(b) no more than 20(c) 40(d) over 500(e) about 480(f) about 2,200(g) about 5,000(h) 1.3 billion Now work in pairs and discuss which fact you find most surprising, and why.第6頁/共119頁1 number of schools in the UK now teaching C

6、hinese2 number of years in which English will start to decline as a global language3 number of people in China4 number of Chinese characters Skimming Answer the questions.1 Why is the writer learning Chinese? What is going to happen to English in the future?2What makes learning Chinese difficult for

7、 English speakers?For her work in Beijing. English will decline as a world language. Having to learn thousands of characters, and the tone system. 第7頁/共119頁SkimmingWhy does the writer say that her teacher makes things difficult?5 How does Chinese differ from English in its representation of meaning?

8、She does not adequately understand her students difficulties in learning Chinese. In written form, a word / character primarily represents a meaning in Chinese, but in English a series of sounds.第8頁/共119頁Lessons to be learnt譯文譯文Digging1 Ive been spending several years learning Chinese for my work he

9、re in Beijing, so the latest news that theres to be a new campaign to introduce the language into US schools, and a recent report estimating that over 500 schools in the UK are teaching it prompts me to tell you something which you may not want to hear: Learning Chinese is really, really tough.Backg

10、round information第9頁/共119頁Digging2 After Canada and Mexico, China is the US biggest trading partner. UK exports to China are expected to multiply by four times by the end of the decade, and its government wants every school, college and university to be twinned with an equivalent institution in Chin

11、a. With the importance of English as an international language set to decline over the next 40 years, its not surprising that this fall is matched by a rise of interest in learning Chinese.第10頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging3 Chinese culture is one of the great wonders of the world. Its philosophy, art, food and

12、literature show both delicate appeal and humanity in equal measure.第11頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging4 But I have to say that if learning is a journey, its sometimes hard to keep your eye on your destination when there are so many other sights to see which slow you down on the path towards fluency. And no one sa

13、id it would be an endurance test.第12頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging5 Youve heard of the Long March? Well, that was a stroll in the park, compared to what its like to learn Chinese.第13頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging6 So, if 1.3 billion Chinese dont have a problem with their own language, why do dumb foreigners like me find it

14、 so hard to learn?第14頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging7 First of all, learning thousands of characters is a chore, and theres nothing for it but to learn them by heart. Even using a dictionary has its own set of problems. For example, how do you look up the meaning of a character? Ive spent hours trying to match w

15、hat I think is the radical with the list in the middle of my Chinese-English dictionary, then hunting down the character matched with its pinyin (Roman alphabet) equivalent, then turning to the dictionary entry itself, and looking for the character and eliminating all those with wrong meanings until

16、 I find the right one. It takes a lot of patience, it can be very disappointing, and my disgraceful strike rate is scarcely 20 characters an hour.第15頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging8 Language experts estimate that you “only” need to learn about 5,000 characters to have a working knowledge of Chinese. (I just love

17、 that “only”!) They also say its desirable to see and revise a character about seven times in different contexts in order to retain it and use it productively.9 So you do the maths.第16頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging10 Learning Chinese is already tough, but learning with an unqualified teacher makes it even more

18、difficult. In our first lesson, we learnt our first Chinese character 家. Our teacher told us that Chinese people are able to see the original representation of meaning in the character. She drew it on the whiteboard. It means home. Good. She then explained that its meant to illustrate a pig under a

19、roof. Thats good too. Then she asked, “Can you see the pig?”11 No?第17頁/共119頁譯文譯文Digging12 “There it is, cant you see?” she enquired.13 I see no pig.14 “And can you see the roof?”15 Well, I suppose so, but only if I had lost my glasses or, possibly, was drunk. But to please my teacher I said, yes I c

20、an see the roof, just a bit of a blur, thats all.16 “Thats the pig under the roof. That means home!” said my teacher, in a voice celebrating the glory of Chinese.第18頁/共119頁Digging17 Have I finished with the bad news?18 Not yet. The tone system means that a single character can have different meaning

21、s according to the tone used to pronounce it. What are the odds I call my mother a horse? And its easy to misunderstand and be misunderstood, and even worse if you travel around the country, as the tones can vary from province to province. 第19頁/共119頁Digging19 So is there any good news?20 Well, I con

22、cede that grammar is easier to crack than most European languages. There are no verb tenses to manipulate, no singular and plurals, no relative clauses. (Confusingly, theres also no difference in pronunciation of the character for he and she. For me, its a fairly basic distinction, but maybe Im bein

23、g Ms Picky.)第20頁/共119頁Digging21 But back in class again, I noticed that by the words in the vocabulary list there is a part of speech marked, noun, adjective, verb. When I look back at my vocabulary notes, I see that some words can function as nouns and as verbs, and others such as guo, ba or le are

24、 called particles, but dont have an obvious function. They have meaning, and without them the meaning of the sentence is changed, but it seems strange to use a system invented to analyze European languages. Does this compound all the difficulties?第21頁/共119頁Digging22 Similarly, I begin to wonder how

25、Chinese can express complex concepts. Take one character and it has a denotational meaning, which you can usually find in a dictionary. Combine this character with another and you create a concept which is new and different. Combine them with more characters and you further develop this concept.第22頁

26、/共119頁Digging23 Is this so different from English? Well, yes, because by this time, you need to interpret the combination of characters to understand what it means. It doesnt mean the sum of its isolated, denotational meanings, but the sum of its connotational (or implicit) meanings!第23頁/共119頁Diggin

27、g24 But everyone who uses the language has to agree on the connotations of each of the characters, and if they dont, then surely theres a risk of being vague or of a lack of precision or faulty grammar. So how does Chinese express complex and precise concepts?第24頁/共119頁Digging25 What compensates for

28、 all the difficulties is that learning Chinese is like playing chess or doing the crossword. Its totally absorbing, and its not the right word, but how else can I say it? I enjoy myself. Its not just a gradual process of language acquisition, it inspires ongoing questions about the meaning of commun

29、ication and the power of language. Its a very beautiful, deeply inspiring, and thrilling challenge. I have to keep going, as the journey will fascinate me as much as the arrival at my destination.第25頁/共119頁Digging26 But how long will it take?27 Some statistics suggest that an educated English speake

30、r needs 1,300 hours to achieve a proficiency corresponding to an educated native speaker of Chinese, while it would only take about 480 hours to achieve a comparable level in French or Spanish. Others reckon that 1,300 hours isnt sufficient, and that its closer to 2,200 hours. 第26頁/共119頁Digging28 Th

31、ats quite a few lessons to be learnt.29 Michael Phelps, the great Olympic champion swimmer at the Beijing Olympic Games, is learning Chinese too. During an interview in 2008, he made a famous declaration Ill never forget. “Its easier to win eight gold medals at the Olympic Games than it is to learn

32、Chinese.”30 Hes not making it up. Hes right. Main idea of the text第27頁/共119頁1. and its government wants every school, college and university to be twinned with an equivalent institution in China. (Line 5, Para 2)be twinned with an equivalent institution in China: to sign an agreement with a “sister”

33、 organization in China for joint activitiesDifficult sentences 第28頁/共119頁Difficult sentences 2. Well, that was a stroll in the park, compared to what its like to learn Chinese. (Line 1, Para 5)a stroll in the park: an idiom meaning something which is easy to do第29頁/共119頁Difficult sentences 3. and my

34、 disgraceful strike rate is scarcely 20 characters an hour. (Line 14, Para 7)strike rate: one of the statistics used in the sport baseball / cricket. Here it is used metaphorically to mean success rate.第30頁/共119頁Difficult sentences 4. (I just love that “only” !) (Line 3, Para 8)The expression is use

35、d sarcastically of anything one wants to scream about. Here it is the implication in only that learning 5,000 characters is a simple task.第31頁/共119頁Difficult sentences 5. So you do the maths. (Para 9)The expression “do the math” here means to work it out.第32頁/共119頁Difficult sentences 6. For me, its

36、a fairly basic distinction, but maybe Im being Ms Picky. (Line 6, Para 20)Here Ms Picky refers to a difficult fussy person.第33頁/共119頁Difficult sentences 7. Does this compound all the difficulties? (Line 11, Para 21)Does this make the difficulties worse?第34頁/共119頁prompt 釋義釋義vt. to make someone decide

37、 to do something 促使，導致例句例句 The decision prompted steel workers to strike. 這個決定促使鋼鐵工人下決心罷工。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句News of the scandal prompted the investigation. 關于這件丑聞的新聞報道促使對此事展開調(diào)查。 翻譯翻譯第35頁/共119頁釋義釋義vi. to increase by a large amount 大量增加WordsWords例句例句Dont let your troubles multiply , just take them on

38、e by one. 別讓問題堆積如山，一個一個著手解決。 翻譯翻譯例句例句The spirits of love and gratitude multiply when they are shared. 愛和感恩之心在與他人一起分享時會成倍增長。 翻譯翻譯multiply 第36頁/共119頁釋義釋義1v. (BrE) (AmE review) to read and learn information that you have studied in order to prepare for an examination 復習 WordsWords例句例句Id better skip the

39、 party and stay at home to revise. 我最好還是不去參加這個聚會，留在家里溫習功課。翻譯翻譯例句例句Have you revised the work we did last term? 你復習我們上學期學的內(nèi)容了嗎？ 翻譯翻譯revise 第37頁/共119頁釋義釋義2vt. to change something because of new information or ideas 改變，修正WordsWords例句例句The plan was revised and the fee lowered to 600. 計劃作了修改，費用降至600美元。 翻譯

40、翻譯例子例子He soon came to revise his opinion of the profession. 他很快就改變了對這個職業(yè)的看法。翻譯翻譯revise 第38頁/共119頁釋義釋義v. (also inquire) to ask someone for information about something 詢問，打聽WordsWords例句例句I am writing to inquire about subscribing to your magazine. 我寫此信是為了詢問貴雜志訂閱事宜。 翻譯翻譯例句例句I inquired as to whether I co

41、uld park for free before going to that shopping mall. 我去商場之間詢問過是否可以免費停車。 翻譯翻譯 enquire 第39頁/共119頁釋義釋義1n. U great beauty 壯麗，絢麗；輝煌例句例句The designs reflect the glories of French fashion. 這些設計反映出了法國時裝的輝煌。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句翻譯翻譯The sun emerged from behind the clouds in all its glory. 太陽從云層后鉆出，光芒四射。 glory 第

42、40頁/共119頁釋義釋義2n. U admiration and praise that you get because you have done something impressive 榮譽，光榮例句例句翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Becoming a Supreme Court judge was the crowning glory of her legal career. 翻譯翻譯成為最高法院法官是她法律職業(yè)生涯中的最高榮耀。 At 19 he won glory as an Olympic champion. 他19歲的時候就獲得了奧林匹克冠軍的榮譽。 glory 第4

43、1頁/共119頁釋義釋義n. (pl) the chance of something happening (某事發(fā)生的)機會，可能性例句例句The odds of getting hit by a falling satellite are very small. 被墜落的衛(wèi)星砸中的可能性是極小的。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句翻譯翻譯What are the odds of finding a parking space right outside the door? 在門口就能找到停車位的可能性有多大？odds 第42頁/共119頁釋義釋義1vt. to solve a comp

44、licated problem or find the answer to a mystery 解決，破解，破譯例句例句He has finally cracked the system after years of painstaking research. 經(jīng)過多年的努力研究，他終于找到了破解這個系統(tǒng)的辦法。翻譯翻譯WordsWordscrack 第43頁/共119頁釋義釋義2 vt. to damage something so that a line or long narrow hole appears on its surface, but it does not break in

45、to pieces 使裂開，使破裂例句例句A gas main had cracked under my neighbours garage and gas had seeped into our homes.鄰居車庫下面的煤氣總管裂開了，煤氣滲入了我們家。翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句A strong earthquake cracked buildings in northwest China. 一場強地震把中國西北部的建筑物震裂了。 翻譯翻譯crack 第44頁/共119頁釋義釋義1vt. to skillfully handle, control, or use somethin

46、g （熟練地）控制，操作，使用例句例句 The technology uses a pen to manipulate a computer.這項技術使用一支筆來操作電腦。翻譯翻譯WordsWordsmanipulate 例句例句Players manipulate characters on the screen using a joystick. 玩游戲者利用一根操縱桿來操縱屏幕上的人物。 翻譯翻譯第45頁/共119頁釋義釋義2vt. to inluence someone or control something in a clever or dishonest way （以巧妙或不誠實

47、的方式）影響，操縱，擺布例句例句He is a very difficult character. He manipulates people.他是個極難對付的角色，總是把人玩弄于股掌之間。 翻譯翻譯WordsWords例句例句Students were outraged that someone could use their newspaper to manipulate them. 翻譯翻譯學生們因有人能利用他們的報紙來操縱他們而被激怒了。 manipulate 第46頁/共119頁釋義釋義vt. to make a problem or diicult situation worse

48、加大（困難）；加重 PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯 Additional bloodshed and loss of life will only compound the tragedy.額外的流血和犧牲只會加重這場悲劇。例句例句翻譯翻譯The problem is compounded by the medical system here.這兒的醫(yī)療體制使問題進一步惡化。 compound 第47頁/共119頁釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯利維的聲明可以被看作是含蓄的認罪。 Levys statement could be understood as an implicit adm

49、ission of guilt. a. not stated directly, but expressed in the way someone behave, or understood from what they are saying 不直言的，不言明的，暗示的，含蓄的PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯This is seen as an implicit warning not to continue with military action.這被視為一個停止軍事行動的含蓄警告。 implicit 第48頁/共119頁釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯為了彌補過去受到的歧視，更多的婦

50、女將被提升。 More women will be promoted in order to compensate for discrimination in the past. vi. to change or remove the bad result of something 補償，彌補PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯To ease financial difficulties, farmers could be compensated for their loss of subsidies. 為了緩解經(jīng)濟困難，農(nóng)場主們損失的補貼會得到補償。compensate 第49頁/共

51、119頁釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯我們看到勞動條件正在逐步改善。 Were seeing gradual improvement in labor conditions. a. gradual processes and changes happen slowly and by small amounts 逐漸的，漸漸的，逐步的PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯Over the past year, her friends have noticed gradual changes in her behavior. 過去一年來，朋友們注意到她的舉止逐漸發(fā)生了變化。gradual 第50頁

52、/共119頁釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯a. as much as is needed 足夠的，充足的PhrasesPhrases例句例句翻譯翻譯sufficient 絕大部分臥室只用床頭照明是不夠的。 Bedside lighting alone is not sufficient for most bedrooms. There was not sufficient evidence to secure a conviction. 沒有足夠的證據(jù)來定罪。第51頁/共119頁釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯to try to find a particular thing or person 找到，追尋

53、PhrasesPhraseshunt downThose criminals who do not come forward should be hunted down.對于那些不肯自首的罪犯應予緝拿歸案。例句例句翻譯翻譯Last December they hunted down and killed one of the gangsters.去年12月他們追捕到其中一名匪徒并將其擊斃。第52頁/共119頁釋義釋義例句例句翻譯翻譯to invent an explanation for something, especially to avoid being punished or emba

54、rrassed （尤指為了逃避懲罰或避免尷尬）編造（借口）PhrasesPhrasesNot having a good excuse for being late, she made up one.遲到?jīng)]借口，她就信口胡編了一個。 make up例句例句翻譯翻譯He made up a story for not turning up on time.他因為沒準時出現(xiàn)而編造了一個理由。第53頁/共119頁1 1 因為工作原因，我已經(jīng)在北京學習漢語好幾年了。有最新消息說要進行一項在美國學校推廣漢語的活動，而且，最近的一份報告稱在英國有500多所學校有漢語教學。這促使我想給你講講可能你不希望聽到

55、的事：學習中文真的很難，很難。TranslationTranslation原文原文應該學習的一課應該學習的一課第54頁/共119頁2 中國是繼加拿大和墨西哥之后的美國的第三大貿(mào)易伙伴。英國對中國的出口額預計十年后將增長四倍，所以英國政府希望英國的每所學校、學院和大學都要和中國相應的院校建立合作關系。未來40年，隨著英語作為國際語言的重要性逐漸減弱，人們學習漢語的興趣不斷高漲也就不足為奇了。TranslationTranslation原文原文第55頁/共119頁3 中國文化是世界上的一個偉大奇跡。中國的哲學、藝術、飲食和文學既引人入勝，又頗具人文精神。TranslationTranslation

56、原文原文第56頁/共119頁4 但我不得不說，如果說學習是一次旅行的話，你有時很難做到緊緊盯住目的地，因為沿途有如此多的其他景色可以欣賞，這會使你在通往嫻熟的道路上放慢腳步。沒有人說過這是對耐力的一次考驗。TranslationTranslation原文原文第57頁/共119頁5 你聽說過長征嗎？長征和學漢語比起來，簡直就像是在公園里散步。TranslationTranslation原文原文第58頁/共119頁6 那么，如果13億中國人學習他們自己的語言沒有問題，為什么像我這樣傻乎乎的外國人會覺得漢語這么難學呢？TranslationTranslation原文原文第59頁/共119頁7 7 首

57、先，學習幾千個漢字是件苦差事，只能用心去記，沒有其他方法。甚至查字典時也會碰到一堆問題。比如，你如何查找一個漢字的意思？首先，我得確定這個字的偏旁部首，然后在漢英字典中間的部首表中找到匹配的偏旁，然后按其漢語拼音（羅馬字母）查找對應的漢字，再進入詞典的條目去查找那個漢字，通過排除所有意思不相符的漢字，我才能最終找到正確的那個字，而這已經(jīng)花了我?guī)讉€小時的時間。查字典需要極大的耐心，可能會令人非常沮喪。說起來很丟人，我每小時只能勉強查20個漢字。TranslationTranslation原文原文第60頁/共119頁8 語言專家估計你“只要”掌握大約五千個漢字，就足以應付工作需要了。（我太喜歡“只

58、要”這個詞了?。┧麄冞€說，在不同的語境中看到和復習一個漢字七次，你就可以記住、并靈活運用這個字了。9 要花多少時間，你自己算吧。TranslationTranslation原文原文第61頁/共119頁10 學習中文本身已經(jīng)很難了，跟一個不稱職的老師學就更加困難了。第一節(jié)課上，我們學的第一個漢字是“家”。老師告訴我們，中國人能夠看出一個漢字所代表的最原始的象形意義。她把“家”這個字寫在白板上。它的意思是家。好。然后她解釋說，這個字表示的是一頭豬在屋頂下。這也還好。接下來，她問道： “你們看到豬了嗎？”11 看不到？TranslationTranslation原文原文第62頁/共119頁12 “就

59、在那兒，看不到嗎？”她問道。13 我根本看不到豬。14 “那你們看到屋頂了嗎？”15 好吧，我想只有當我丟了眼鏡或是喝醉了時才能看到。但為了讓老師滿意，我說，是的，我能看到屋頂，只是有點兒模糊罷了。16“屋頂下有頭豬。意思就是家！”老師的聲音中滿含對漢語言文字的自豪感。TranslationTranslation原文原文第63頁/共119頁17 學習漢語的麻煩事兒就這些嗎？18 還不止這些。根據(jù)漢語的聲調(diào)體系，一個漢字根據(jù)其聲調(diào)的不同可以有不同的意思。那么，我把“媽”稱為“馬”的概率有多大？而且，這也很容易誤解別人和被別人誤解。如果你在中國各地旅行的話，情況會更糟糕，因為同一個漢字每個省的聲調(diào)

60、都各不相同。TranslationTranslation第64頁/共119頁19 那么，學習漢語有什么讓人高興的事兒嗎？20 好吧，我承認漢語語法比大多數(shù)歐洲語言的語法更容易攻克。學習漢語不用掌握動詞時態(tài)，沒有單數(shù)和復數(shù)的區(qū)別，也沒有關系從句。（令人困惑的是，“他”和“她”這兩個字的發(fā)音也沒有區(qū)別。對我來說，這是一個基本的區(qū)別，但也許是我太挑剔了。）TranslationTranslation第65頁/共119頁21 再回到課堂上，我注意到詞匯表里的詞旁都有詞性標注，如名詞、形容詞、動詞。當我查看我的詞匯筆記時，我看到有些詞既可以用作名詞，又可以用作動詞，而另一些詞如“過”、“吧”或“了”等被