初二英語時間狀語從句講解與練習

1、.初二英語時間狀語從句講解與練習撰稿：胡欲曉 審稿：牛新閣 責編：白雪雁when, while 和 as 引導時間狀語從句的用法這三個詞的意思很簡單，都有“當時候”的意思。但學生經常會問三個詞的區(qū)別在哪兒，特別是在做選擇題的時候。別說是學生，就我個人而言，做這樣的選擇題要保證百分之百的正確也是不可能的?，F根據大量的實例和個人的思考，做一點小結，供大家參考。一、when 的用法如果只從現象來看，when 從句用的最多的是一般過去時，而主句的時態(tài)沒有限制,根據具體情況而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小時候

2、就常常試驗一些新的設想。 2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走進我房間時，我正在看書。3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老師進來的時候，你在寫信嗎？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 對不起，你打電話來的時候我出去了。5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走，這時有人敲門。 6. I thought of i

3、t just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要說話的時候，我也想到了。7. I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我剛一閉上眼，就有人在敲門了。 根據以上的例句，我們可以總結出一點：when 從句的A事件，相當于另一個事件B發(fā)生的時間點。也就是說，when 從句的重點不在動作本身發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，而只是把它作為一個時間點，所以when 多數情況下用的是一般過去時，則不用正在進行時。因為如果用正在進行時，它表示的就是一段時間而不是一個時間點了。根據這一點，有的文章補充說

4、：when 從句的動詞大多是瞬時動詞。這種說法也可以參照。實際上，when 從句也可以有其它的時態(tài)，但幾乎也不用進行時，因為它也只是作為一個時間參照點。例如：1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 當我趕到飛機場時，客人們已經離開了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. 當他完成作業(yè)后，他休息了一會兒。 3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already? 你已經

5、找到如此好的工作，為何還想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 在我讀完這本書后，你可以借閱。 5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this. 下周，經理來這參觀時，我會和他談談此事。 二、while 的用法相比于when 來說，while 從句的側重點就不一樣了。while 從句的側重點在于描述動作正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，它的意思是：當while 事件正在發(fā)生的時候，另一件事如何如何。所

6、以，while 從句一般用的是正在進行時。而另一件事的狀態(tài)沒有硬性的要求，根據具體情況而定。例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 當妻子正在看報紙的時候，我正在看電視。2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正當吉姆修自行車時，林濤來看他。3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他們談話的時候，上課鈴響了。4. You cant do your homework while

7、 youre watching TV. 你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。 5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 約翰坐在那里咬指甲時，我正在制定一個回家的計劃。 從時間的角度來看，while 表示的是一段時間，是一個過程。這是while 的側重點。因此，如果含有“一段時間”的含義的時候，就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。這句話中，是說趁著鐵是熱的這段時間，趕緊打鐵。如果換成 when 意思就變了，相當于

8、說鐵只熱了一下，打一下，然后鐵就冷了。這顯然不符合文意。再例：I'm going to the post office. While you're there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 的用法as 從句表示的也是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件事也正在進行當中。但與 while 從句不同的是，as 從句用的一般不用正在進行時，而只是一般過去時。as 從句一般可以翻譯成“邊邊”。例如：1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 當我媽媽唱起那些老歌時，眼淚順著她

9、的臉頰流了下來。 2. The students took notes as they listened. 學生們邊聽課邊做筆記。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我們繼續(xù)往下談的時候，他越來越興奮。 4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 當他抓住球的時候，有一種撕裂的聲音。 as 表達的事件，往往只是主句動作發(fā)生的背景或條件時，as 只是一個次要的時

10、間說明，不像while 從句有強調 while 動作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻譯成“隨著”之意。例如：1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 隨著時間的推移，氣候更加糟糕。2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 隨著高度的增加，大氣越來越稀薄。 3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer. 隨著時間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強了。 少數情況下，如果強調動作正在發(fā)生，as 從句

11、也可以用正在進行時。這只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊叫喊。 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正當我們出門時，雪開始下起來。3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡覺，他進來了。四、when, while, as 的互換如果從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生，并且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時，when，while，as 可以互換使用。這種情況下，它們的細微區(qū)別恐怕連英

12、、美人自己也說不清了。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 當我們跳舞時，一位陌生人走了進來。 dance 為延續(xù)性動詞2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. 當她在打電話時，我正在寫信。 make為延續(xù)性動詞3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我順著馬路往前走時，發(fā)現

13、銀行門前停著一輛警車。五、比較while, when, as1）as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。 例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我剎車后，有一個人向我走來。 2）當從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導這個從句，不可用as 或 while。 例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后，你可以休息一下。 3）從句表示“隨時間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。 例如： As t

14、he day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。 2）比較until和till 此兩個連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r”，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達的意思是“直至某時才做某事”。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň洌篒 slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let's get in the wheat befor

15、e the sun sets.）否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6點才到。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會做。 區(qū)別：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前

16、，出了什么事我一點也不知道。 3）until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。例如： -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時候？ - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。 4）Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。 例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀初，人類才知道熱為何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much tim

17、e I had wasted. 直到工作，才認識到我已蹉跎了許多歲月。 5）It is not until that. 例如：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. 6）表示“一就”的結構 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示“一就”的 意思。 例如： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 剛回家，就下起雨來了。 I had no

18、sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結構。 例如： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.六、練習：在下列各句的空格中填入適當的連詞1_ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he h

19、as been. 2_ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully. 3I saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 4Have a good look at that man _ you pass him. 5It was already eight o'clock _ we got there. 6. I was about to go out _ a visitor came. 7We'll go to the country at the beginning of June

20、, _ the summer harvest will start.8. He learned to speak German _ he was in Berlin.9. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr. Smith is away. 10. I listen to the recorder _ I have time. 11. He had learned Chinese _ he came to China. 12. _ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience. 13. I have

21、n't seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town. 14. I waited _ he came back. 15. It was not _ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him. 16. She likes everything to be in place _ she starts to work. 17. The thieves ran away _ they caught sight of the police. 18. They decided to go

22、back home _ their money ran out. 19. We played outside till sunset, _ it began to rain。20. _ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up. 21. They were about to leave _ it began to rain. 22. He always stay in bed _ lunch time. 23. I like playing tennis _ my younger sister prefers watching b

23、all games. 24. _ I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you. 25. _ she grew older, she became more responsible. Key: 1. When 2. While / When 3. as 4. when/as5. when 6. when 7. when 8. while9. while10. whenever11. before 12. After 13. since 14. till/until15. until 16. before17. as soon as 18.

24、 before 19. when20. As soon as21.when 22. until 23. while24. While 25. As初二英語下Module 8 開始學習時間狀語從句，很多學生感到有困難，為了讓學生輕松地學好枯燥的英語語法知識，我想了很多辦法，其中最重要的是向學生解釋清楚有關時間狀語從句的一些基礎知識。一、用簡潔的語言向學生解釋清楚什么是時間狀語從句：當我們用一個句子表達一件事情發(fā)生的時間時，這個句子叫做時間狀語從句。二、幫助學生理解并掌握初二學生必須掌握的幾個連詞。1）區(qū)分 when 與 while when引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞

25、。Eg: When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我停止吃飯。(came為瞬時動詞)While引導的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，此延續(xù)性動詞常用進行時態(tài)。Eg: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 我妻子讀報時，我在看電視。(was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時進行) While we were having a meeting, Mr. Black came in. 正當我們開會時，布萊克先生進來了。（were h

26、aving a meeting 是延續(xù)性動詞， 該動作正在進行時，另一個動作發(fā)生）2）學會使用before 與 afterbefore 表示 “在之前”;after 表示 “在之后”Eg: My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。Eg: After we finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后，我們回家了。3）掌握 as soon as 一就這個詞組常出現在完成句子中，考試的幾率比較多。Eg: I will go there as soon

27、as I finish my breakfast. 吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。（注意：此句型?？紩r態(tài)：主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時。）4）理解并掌握until 直到Eg: I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式。Eg: I didnt fall asleep until mother came back last night. 昨晚直到媽媽回家我才入睡。（要注意翻譯：notuntil 直到才）如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。 I didn't work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作。I didn't go to bed u