2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練專題03-代詞

1、1 專題三代詞重難點分析代詞是代替名詞或代替起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞、指示代詞、相互代詞和關(guān)系代詞八種。代詞類別例詞功能人稱代詞主格i, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 作主語賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 作賓語物主代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their 作定語名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ou

2、rs, yours, theirs 作主語、賓語、表語反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 作賓語、表語、同位語不定代詞some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, somebody, no one, everybody, much, many, other(s), another等視情況而定，一般可作定語、主語、賓語等疑問代詞what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, which

3、ever ,whoever, whomever等可作主語、賓語、定語等指示代詞this, that, these, those 作主語、 賓語、 定語、 表語相互代詞each other, one another 作賓語關(guān)系代詞that, who, whom, whose, which等連接定語從句下面舉例說明其用法，其中疑問代詞見“專題12 句子種類”，關(guān)系代詞見“專題13 定語從句”。一、人稱代詞的用法1. 作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格。如：she teaches us english. 她教我們英語。2. 在句中作表語，常用賓格，但有時用主格。如：who is it? 誰呀？it s me

4、. 是我。it was i who told him about it. 是我告訴他這件事的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 ) 3. it 的用法用法說明例句2 1 作人稱代詞，指代前面提到的事物this is not my book. it is mary s. 這不是我的書，是瑪莉的。2 替代指示代詞this 或 that whats this? 這是什么？its a dictionary. 這是一本字典。whose jacket is that? 那是誰的夾克？it is hers. 是她的。3 指人who is knocking at the door? 誰在敲門？it s me. 是我。the bab

5、y no more cried as soon as it saw its mother. 那個嬰兒一看到他 (她)的媽媽就不哭了。4 指時間、距離、天氣、環(huán)境等whats the time now? 現(xiàn)在幾點鐘？it s ten past eight. 8:10。it s getting colder and colder now. 現(xiàn)在變得越來越冷了。it s about ten minutes walk from my home to the school. 從我家到學(xué)校步行大約要十分鐘。it is very quiet at the moment. 目前很安靜。5 指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)

6、容our team won the football match. have you heard about it? 我們隊贏得了足球賽。你聽說了嗎？6 表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞，后面跟it 后再跟從句，其從句作 it 的同位語i will appreciate it if you can give me a hand. 如果你能幫我一個忙，我將十分感激。i hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜歡人們滿嘴是食物的時候說話。i like it in autumn when the weather is clear and

7、 bright. 我喜歡秋天，那時候的天氣晴朗。7 (未指明但談話雙方心里都明白的)那件事、那種情況how is it (=your life/your work) going? 情況怎樣？do you like it here? 你喜歡這里嗎？oh, yes. the air, the weather, the way of life. everything is so nice. 哦，當(dāng)然。這里的空氣、天氣、生活方式一切都是這么的美好。8 it 還可用作形式主語、形式賓語以代替主語從句、賓語從句、不定式短語、動名詞短語等it s impossible to get there in tim

8、e. 及時到達(dá)那兒是不可能的。i find it strange that she doesn t want to go. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)她不想去， 真奇怪。二、物主代詞的用法3 1. 形容詞性物主代詞作定語this is our classroom. 這是我們的教室。his father is an engineer. 他父親是位工程師。2. 名詞性物主代詞所作成分例句主語this is her coat. mine is over there. 這是她的上衣，我的在那邊。賓語something has gone wrong with my bike. may i use yours? 我的自行車出

9、了點毛病，我能用你的嗎？表語this book isn t mine; its tom s. 這本書不是我的，是湯姆的。注意： (1) 英語中必須有形容詞性物主代詞，而漢語中往往省略不譯。如：jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脫掉外套就上床睡覺了。(2) “ of+名詞性物主代詞”可用作定語。如：some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友將出席我的生日聚會。三、反身代詞的用法所作成分例句1 賓語動賓tom taught himself chinese. 湯姆自學(xué)漢語。介賓

10、she loves me for myself, not for my money. 她喜歡的是我，不是我的錢。2 表語she is not quite herself today. 她今天有些不舒服。3 同位語i myself can repair the bike. 我自己會修自行車。the table itself has only three legs. 這張桌子本身只有三條腿。四、指示代詞的用法1. 時空的差別。如：there is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. which will

11、you have, this or that? 靠近我的這個座位，還是第四排的那個座位，你選哪一個，這個還是那個？2. this 和 that 在行文敘述上的差別。如：i shall say this to you: he is a poor man. 我要跟你說的是，他是一個可憐的人。he was ill. thats why he didn t come. 他生病了，那就是沒來的原因。4 3. that 和 those 用于表比較的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：the weather of zhangjiang is better than that of my hometown. 湛江的天氣比我家鄉(xiāng)的好。t

12、v sets made in nanjing are better than those made here. 南京生產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)比在這里生產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)好。4. 打電話時this 表示我， that 表示你。五、不定代詞的用法可數(shù)one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few 不可數(shù)much, (a) little 可數(shù) /不可數(shù)none, any, other, all, some 復(fù)合不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, ev

13、erybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing 1. none, no one 與 nothing 的用法區(qū)別(1) none 既可指人， 也可指物，且一定是特定概念，常用來回答how many/much 引導(dǎo)的疑問句；no one只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用來回答who 引導(dǎo)的疑問句；nothing“什么也沒有” ，否定一切，常用來回答 what 引導(dǎo)的疑問句。如：how many people are there in the room now? 現(xiàn)在房間里有多少人？none. 一個人都沒有。who is in the room? 誰在房間里？

14、no one / nobody. 沒有人。what s in your schoolbag? 你書包有啥呢？nothing. 啥都沒有。(2) none 后面可加of 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，而something / anything / everything / nothing / someone / anyone / everyone / no one卻不能。如：it is none of my business! 這不關(guān)我事。2. each 與 every 的用法區(qū)別(1) each 強(qiáng)調(diào)“個體”，具有代詞和形容詞的作用；every 強(qiáng)調(diào)“全體”，只能作定語。each 作同位語時，不影響謂語動詞

15、的數(shù)。不可用not each 來表示部分否定，而用not every 表示部分否定。如：the tickets each cost ten dollars. 這些票每張要10 美元。 (each 作同位語 ) (2) every 還可表示“每的、每中的”，下列說法中只能用every：every year or two 每一兩年every now and then 時常every other day 每隔一天one car to every 20 people 每 20 人乘一輛車5 choose one out of every ten boys. 每 10 個男孩中選一個。3. anothe

16、r, other, the other, others與 the others 的用法區(qū)別不定代詞意義用法說明another 再一個，另一個指同類事物中的另一個，用作代詞或形容詞。如：i don t like this coat. show me another, please. other 另外的只作定語，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one 以及 my, your, his 等時，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。如： any other plant, every other day the other

17、 兩者中的另一個常與 one 連用，構(gòu)成one the other 一個另一個；作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，表示“全部其余的”others 泛指別的人或物是 other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物(但不是全部 )，不能作定語，構(gòu)成some others 一些另一些the others 特指其余的人或物是 the other 的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指其余的人或物4. both, all, either, any, neither 與 none 的用法區(qū)別都任何都不兩者both either neither 兩者 (以上 ) all any none 如：i had to buy all these books

18、because i didn t know which one was the best. 我不得不把這些書都買下來，因為我不知道哪一本最好。it is easy to do the repair. all you need is a hammer and some nails. 做這個修理工作很容易你所需要的是一把錘子和一些釘子。i invited joe and linda to dinner, but neither of them came. 我邀請喬和琳達(dá)吃晚飯，但是他們兩個一個都沒來。which of the three ways shall take to the village

19、? 三條路中哪一條通往那個村子？any way as you please. 任何一條都可以。we had three sets of the garden tools but we seemed to have no use for any. 我們有三套園藝工具，但是我們沒有怎么使用它們。5. one, ones, the one, the ones, that 與 those 的用法區(qū)別6 one 用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”；ones 用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可用that 代替 (尤其在有后置定語的情況下)；the ones 用來替代前面特

20、指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時可用 those 代替 (尤其在有后置定語的情況下)；that 用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the+單數(shù) /不可數(shù)名詞” 。如：mr. zhang gave me a very valuable present, one (=a present) that i have never seen. 張先生給了我一件十分珍貴的禮物，這件禮物是我從未見過的。mr. zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=many presents) that i have never seen. 張先生給了我許多珍

21、貴的禮物，它們是我從未見過的。the book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk. 桌子上的那本書比桌子下的那本好。the books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk. 桌子上的那些書比桌子下的那些好?？键c練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，使其意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。1. we couldn t eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us. 2. i hope there are

22、enough glasses for each guest to have _. 3. although he is wealthy, he spends _ on clothes. 4. can you come on monday or tuesday? i am afraid _ day is possible. 5. if you want to change for a double room, you will have to pay _ 15 dollars. 6. shall i sit at this end of the boat or the other end? if

23、you keep still, you can sit at _ end. 7. these plants are watered _ (每兩天 ). 8. if we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. 9. there are a lot of trees on _ side of the square. 10. you will not see _ the animals in winter. 二、完成句子用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或副詞填空，使其意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。1.

24、 the weather was very sunny the following day, _ was what we had expected. 2. i have finished reading all the books _ are borrowed from the school library. 3. is this the second time _ you have been to guangzhou? 7 4. _ is reported in the newspaper, the war between the two countries has come to a st

25、op. 5. can you think of another example _ this phrase can be used? 6. the train on _ he is traveling is late. 7. do you still remember the happy days _ we spent together in beijing? 8. i have bought the same skirt _ she is wearing. 9. is this the reason _ he is late again? 10. her parents wouldn t l

26、et her marry anyone _ family was very poor. 11. i, _ am your best friend, will help you out. 12. the day will come _ the people all over the world will win liberation. 13. the students are talking about the strange people and stories _ they met in the adventure. 14. he is the very man in _ pocket i

27、found my lost money. 15. i have a picture by a famous painter _ was sent to me for my birthday. 三、語篇填空用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。one day, as carl s wife was going out, her child began to cry, begging to go with _1_. “ stay home,” the mother said to him. “ when _2_ return, we will kill a pig for _3_ dinner!”when she c

28、ame back, _4_ found carl preparing to slaughter (宰殺 ) a pig for the childs meal. she hurried over to stop _5_. “ what are you doing? you are not really going to kill a pig, are you?” i was just kidding him! “ how can _6_ lie to children?” carl replied. “ _7_ learn each and _8_ movement from _9_ pare

29、nts. if _10_ deceive your child with lies, you are teaching the child to lie. one cannot educate children this way. ”in the end, carl killed the pig. 四、語法填空閱讀下面短文 , 在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。as a young adult, noah webster was a teacher. at that time, the colonies 1 (fight) for independence from brita

30、in. yet the books that american children used in school all came from britain. the books were all about british people and british places. webster wanted books 2 would mean more to american children s a grammar book, a spelling book, and a reader. these books were very popular, and millions of them

31、3 (sell). webster was interested in changing the spellings of words. 4 wanted words to be spelled the way they were pronounced. for example, he thought 5 word “ head” should be spelled “ hed” , and the word “ laugh ” should be spelled “ laf ” . people liked webster s suggestions. unfortunately, thou

32、gh, few words changed were 8 words in 6 an unpronounced “ u” followed an “ o” . that is 7 americans write color and labor, and the british write colour and labour. with the money he made 8 his books, webster was able to start on his great work. this work took more than 20 years to write. it was the

33、first american english dictionary, 9 (publish) in 1828. webster s dictionary had over 70,000 words and 10 (give) the meaning and origin of each. to this day, webster s work is the example that most dictionaries of american english follow. 助讀詞匯colony n. 殖民地unpronounced adj. 不發(fā)音的labor n. 勞動dictionary n. 字典；詞典origin n. 起源to this day 至今參考答案考點練透一、單句填空1. none; any 2. one 3. little 4. neither 5. another 6. either