牛津譯林版八年級下冊--8B-現(xiàn)在完成時(共6頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成Have/has +過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定式、否定式和疑問式：肯定式否定式疑問式單數(shù)I haveYou have + workedHe/She/It hasI haveYou have + not workedHe/She/It hasHave IHave you + worked?Have he/she/it 復(fù)數(shù)WeYou +have workedTheyWeYou +have not workedTheyHave weHave you + worked?Have they【提示】現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定式和否定式有其縮寫形式：haveve, hass.例

2、如：Shes worked. =She has worked. Ive not worked. = I havent worked.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定疑問句形式為：Have you not worked? Have they not worked? Has he not worked?其縮寫形式為：Havent you worked? Havent they worked? Hasnt he worked?現(xiàn)在完成時的簡略回答形式為：Yes, I have. No, I have not/havent.用法過去動作產(chǎn)生的影響等表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。在沒有具體時間狀語

3、的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示某一行為動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，而其結(jié)果或影響至今仍然存在。因此，現(xiàn)在完車時這一時態(tài)強調(diào)的是過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，也就是強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。例如：Someone has broken the window.（“打破”這一動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但影響延續(xù)至今，其結(jié)果是窗子仍然是破的，The window is now broken.）I have lost my pen.（結(jié)果是：我現(xiàn)在無鋼筆可用，I have no pen to use.）Hes locked the door.(結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在門鎖上了，我們進(jìn)不去，Now the door is locked an

4、d we cant go in.)The party has started. (The party started and now it is going on.)Ive forgotten her name= I forgot her name.他今天還沒吃任何東西.(現(xiàn)在一定很餓了)_我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了（現(xiàn)在不餓了）_過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在和未來表示一個開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)，常同for, since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，或用于How long（多久）句型中，表示持續(xù)的時間。例如：He has studied English for ten years.（可能繼續(xù)學(xué)

5、下去）She has lived here since then.He has been in Nanjing since 2003.Miss Lin has worked in the factory since she came to the city.你已經(jīng)住在這個房子里多久了？_這個女孩已經(jīng)病了一個星期了。_【提示】for是介詞，后面只能跟單詞或詞組；since是介詞或連詞，后面可以跟單詞、詞組或句子。同recently等狀語連用現(xiàn)在完成時常同表示從過去某時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時間狀語連用，如recently, today, this morning, this week,

6、 lately, up to now, so far, in the past/last few months, since three years ago等。例如：I havent seen him this week.I have been busy this morning.He has bought a new bike recently.同often等狀語連用現(xiàn)在完成時常同不明確指出具體時間的狀語連用，如often, already, yet, never, ever, always, once, twice, sometimes, just, for a long time, on

7、ly twice等。例如：Have you done your homework yet?我們已經(jīng)完成了工作。_我從沒去過英國。_將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作現(xiàn)在完成時可以用在條件或時間狀語從句中，表示將來某個時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：He will come as soon as he has finished the homework.If you have read the book before I leave, please lend it to me.We shall wait here until the rain has stopped.have gone和have beenha

8、ve gone和have been意義上不同，前者表示“到某地去了，尚沒回來，現(xiàn)在不在這里”，后者表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地，現(xiàn)在已返回”。比較：She has gone to Beijing.(她現(xiàn)在不在這里，去北京了，可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)，也可能仍在途中)She has been to Beijing.(她以前到過北京，現(xiàn)在已不在北京了)Where has he been?(他已回來)Where has he gone?(他現(xiàn)在不在這里)比較：have been to do sth做過了某事have gone to do sth去做某事了have come to do sth來做某事了for 2004還是

9、since 2004英語中有些動詞表示的動作是一時性的、短暫的、不能延續(xù)的，所以，不能同for和since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，也不可用于“How long/How many+時間名詞”句中。因此，這類動詞可以單獨使用于完成時中，但不可同表示一段時間的狀語一起用于完成時中，包括現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時。這類動詞有：go, come, leave, arrive, join, receive, get, die, buy, borrow, choose, close, fall, finish, kill, lend, marry, open, reach, return, start,

10、 stop, sit down, stand up等。比較：How long may I keep the book?Her grandmother has been dead for five months.It is five months since her grandfather died.He has arrived.He arrived there three hours ago.Its three hours since he arrived.It has been three hours since he arrived.He has been away from Shangh

11、ai for two weeks.It is two weeks since he left Shanghai.He has left Shanghai.She has joined the army.She has been in the army since 20004.It is three years since she joined the army.【提示】非延續(xù)性動詞的完成時有時可以同for引導(dǎo)的短語連用，但表示的是某一動作的目的或結(jié)果，而不是表示動作本身延續(xù)的時間。例如：She has come for two weeks.她已經(jīng)來了，準(zhǔn)備住兩個星期。He has gone f

12、or three days.他走了，要在三天后回來。非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式表示動作的持續(xù)過程，具有延續(xù)性，因此可以同for或since引導(dǎo)的一段時間狀語連用。例如：I havent received her letter for a whole year.He hasnt bought any book since last month.for/since的特殊注意：在帶有for或since短語或since從句的句子中以及How long提問的句子中,謂語動詞只用延續(xù)性動詞（可持續(xù)一段時間的動作)，而不能用短暫性動詞（在瞬間發(fā)生完畢的動作）常見的短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換n borrow/le

13、nd have(has) keptn buy have(has) had/ownedn die have(has) been deadn begin/start have(has) been onn finish have(has) been overn open have(has) been openn close have(has) been closedn catch a coldhave(has) had a coldn fall illhave(has) been illn fall asleephave(has) been illn becomehave(has) beenn le

14、ave have(has) been away fromn get married have(has) been marriedn join have(has) been a member of have(has) been inn move/come/go to have(has) been in/at現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較 現(xiàn)在完成時不可與表示特定過去時間的副詞連用，如ago, then, yesterday等，但一般過去時可以。例如：He worked here last year. 現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，而一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身，與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)

15、果無關(guān)。例如：He has been ill for a week.（現(xiàn)在仍然病著）He was ill for a week.（過去病過一個星期，現(xiàn)在好了）He has bought a house（現(xiàn)在完成時，到說話時仍然擁有那所房子）He bought a house five years ago(一般過去時只說明他五年前買過一所房子，現(xiàn)在不一定還擁有那所房子)I havent written him for ages.(現(xiàn)在仍沒有寫)I didnt write him for ages(僅指過去)現(xiàn)在完成時可以同現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用；而一般過去時則不可。例如：It has been

16、hot this summer.（說話時仍然是夏天）It was hot this summer.（說話時夏天已經(jīng)過去） 現(xiàn)在完成時不可與疑問副詞when連用；而一般過去時則可以。例如：When did he come?already和yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問句；already有時也可用于疑問句，表示“驚訝，意外”的意思。例如：Hurry up, we are already twenty minutes late.I havent heard from him yet.Has class begun yet?Has class begun already?

17、(想不到)Have you sold the car yet?Have you sold the car already?（驚訝）【補充】ago和before的用法ago是副詞，表示從現(xiàn)在算起的若干時間以前，用于“名詞詞組+ago”結(jié)構(gòu)；ago所在句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；ago不可單獨使用，也不可用作連詞。before作副詞用時，表示從過去某一時刻或某一事件算起的若干時間以前，所在句中的謂語動詞用過去去完成時；before還可以單獨使用，意為“以前”，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，ago則沒有這種用法；before還可以用作連詞，后接單詞、詞組或句子，ago則沒有這種用法。比較：She saw t

18、he film three days ago.（從現(xiàn)在說起三天前）She told me that she had seen the film three days before.（從過去說起三天前）I have seen her before.She had left before he arrived.課堂訓(xùn)練：一、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come

19、) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on

20、 foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree.14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it

21、 anywhere? 二、單項選擇（）1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been （）2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. （）3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been （）4. It is ten years _ I las

22、t saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that （）5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet （）6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had （）7.-Do you know Lyd

23、ia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned （）8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live （）9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Par

24、k.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to （）10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換I have been to Macau before. (改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to schoo

25、l? I bough a new bike just now. (用just改寫) I _ just _ a new bike.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _three years 5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑問句）6. They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) _ _have they been here? The old man _ last year.He has _ _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. 課后作業(yè)一、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的