定語從句詳解例句(精品)

1、。定語從句詳解 +例句一、定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1. 定語從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句， 一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；關(guān)系副詞有 where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有 3 個(gè)作用： 1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。 2，代替先行詞。 3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。二 . 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.who 指人，在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class

2、One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語

3、，做賓語時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who 或者 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which 。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw th

4、is morning? 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you lik

5、e the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三 . 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞 +關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (tha

6、t/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) wehave often talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.。1。注意：1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用， 如：look for, look after, take

7、 care of 等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前， 關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用 whom，不可用 who或者 that ；指物時(shí)用 which ，不能用 that ；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用 whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

8、(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞” 前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there

9、are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)

10、狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why 指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for

11、which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the cityin which/where I was born.五限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person t

12、hat I could dependon.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2)China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同(1) His brotherwho is now a doctoralways encourages him to go to college.他

13、那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）。2。(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。 （他只有一個(gè)哥哥）難點(diǎn)分析（一）限制性定語從句只能用 that 的幾種情況1當(dāng)先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除外 ), few, all,none, little,some 等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every,any, all,some, no, little,few, much等修飾時(shí)

14、(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2)There seems to be nothingthatseems impossibleforhim in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用 who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2. 當(dāng)先行

15、詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4.當(dāng)形容詞被 the very, the only修飾時(shí)(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可

16、以用 who(3) WangHua is the only person in our school who willattendthe meeting/5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有 who, which 等疑問代詞時(shí)(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）關(guān)系代詞 as 和 which

17、引導(dǎo)的定語從句as 和 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1As 和 which 都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句； which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外， as 有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing c

18、ountry.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.當(dāng)先行次受 such, the same修飾時(shí)，

19、常用 as。3。(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由 the same 修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由 as 所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她穿著她在 Mary 婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore th

20、e same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。（三）以 the way 為先行詞的定語從句通常由 in which, that 引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. ( 四) but 有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't ) ( 五) 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.定語從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位于從句2