高中生物 第7章 第2節(jié) 現(xiàn)代生物進(jìn)化理論的主要內(nèi)容課件 新人教版必修2 (52)

1、必修必修 4 Unit 4 Body language 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞1._ n. 陳述；說明_v. 陳述2. _vi.& vt. 迎接；問候3. _vt. 代表；象征4. _n. 社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想_vt. 把聯(lián)系起來5. _ n. 宿舍6. _n. 食堂7. _n. 飛行；航班8. _adj. 好奇的_adv. 好奇地9. _vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走進(jìn)n.接近；方法；途徑statementstategreetrepresentassociationassociatedormitorycanteenflightcuriouscuriouslyapproach學(xué)生用書見

2、P96 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞10. _vt. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi) _n. 防御；保衛(wèi)11. _ adj. 主要的 _ n. 大多數(shù)12. _ vt. 誤解；誤會 _n. 誤解；誤會13. _vi. 猛沖；突進(jìn)14. _ n. 成年人；成人adj.成人的；成熟的15. _ adj. 口語的 _adj. 未說出口的；非口語的16. _ n. 西班牙17. _ n. 意大利18._ adj. 可能的defenddefencemajormajoritymisunderstandmisunderstandingdashadultspokenunspokenSpainItalylikely 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞19._n

3、. 十字路口20. _ adj. 面部的21. _ n. 作用；功能；職能vi.起作用；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)22. _n. 安逸；舒適；vt.減輕（痛苦、憂慮）23. _adv. 真實(shí)地；真誠地；真正地24. _adj. 錯誤的；假的25. _n. 怒氣；怒火26. _n. 拳頭27. _ vi. 打呵欠28. _ adj. 主觀的_ adj. 客觀的29. _ vi.& vt. 擁抱30. _ n. 等級；軍銜crossroadsfacialfunctioneasetrulyfalseangerfistyawnsubjectiveobjectivehugrank 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)短語1._ 保衛(wèi)以免受2

4、. _ 很可能；有希望3. _ 總的來說；通常4. _ 舒適；快活；自由自在5. _ 丟臉6. _ 背對；背棄defend against be likely toin generalat easelose faceturn ones back to1.nor 引起的部分倒裝Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. (教材P26)2.be likely to do sth.可能

5、做某事However， people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. (教材P26)3.it 作形式主語，代指不定式的用法 With so many culture differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. (教材P30) 重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)句型動詞的-ing形式作狀語I st

6、ood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. (教材P26)語法要點(diǎn)語法要點(diǎn)represent vt. 代表；象征Yesterday， another student and I， representing our universitys student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students. （教材P26）昨天，我和另一個(gè)學(xué)生代表我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生會，到首都國際機(jī)場迎接今

7、年的國際學(xué)生。1學(xué)生用書見P97 represent sth./sb. 代表.; 作為.的代言人 represent sth.to sb正式提出（意見、抗議等） (2)representation n 代表；代理 representative adj. 代表性的,典型的 n代表，代理人 be representative of 是的代表/典型(1) (3) She represented our class to attend this meeting.她代表我們?nèi)鄥⒓恿诉@次會議。 In the western countries， “V” often represents victory.

8、在西方國家，“V”常常象征著勝利。 He represents himself as/to be an expert. 他稱自己是專家。 You should represent your complaints to the management.你們應(yīng)向管理階層說明你們的不滿。 The green movement lacks effective representation in Parliament.環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動在議會中缺乏有力的代表人物。 My demand is representative of that of the other members.我是代表其成員提出要求的。asso

9、ciation n. 協(xié)會、聯(lián)盟；關(guān)聯(lián)，聯(lián)系2 in association with 和有關(guān)聯(lián) associate.with. 聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系(1) （2） They have maintained a close association with a college in the US. 他們和美國一所大學(xué)保持了密切聯(lián)系。 The book was published in association with(= together with)British Heritage.這本書是與英國傳統(tǒng)出版社聯(lián)合出版的。 I always associate the smell of baking wit

10、h my childhood.一聞到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近 n.接近；方法；途徑；步驟；通道Tony approached Julia， touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! （教材P26）托尼走近朱莉婭，摸了摸她的肩，親了親她的臉！3(1) approach sth./sb.靠近，接近 approach a problem處理問題 adopt a different approach采取一種不同的方法 an approach to the grammar一本語法入門書 t

11、he approach of spring春天的來臨（2）approach除了意為“方法”之外，還有“接近”的意思。an approach to(介詞)“的方法”。例：He put up a new approach to the difficulty. 他提出了解決這個(gè)困難的新方法。way構(gòu)成in the way“用這種方法”;the way to do/the way of (doing)sth.(to為不定式)“做某事的方法”。例：Can you tell me the way to work out the maths problem? 你能告訴我做那道數(shù)學(xué)題的方法嗎？method構(gòu)成

12、with a method “用一種方法”; the method of (doing)sth.“做某事的方法”。例：We should improve our teaching method, with which we can make ourselves understood better. 我們應(yīng)該改善我們的教學(xué)方法，用這些方法，可以使學(xué)生更好地理解我們所教的內(nèi)容。means意為“方式，方法”。單復(fù)數(shù)同形，構(gòu)成by means of “通過方法”; the means of (doing)sth.“做某事的方法”。例：He succeeded by means of persevera

13、nce.憑著堅(jiān)韌不拔的毅力，他成功了。 With the approach of winter, the weather grows colder.隨著冬天的臨近，天氣變得越來越冷。 She took the wrong approach in her dealing with them.她用錯誤的手段和他們打交道。 All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.通往宮殿的所有道路都有軍隊(duì)把守。 As a poet he hardly approaches John Milton.他的詩才很難與約翰彌爾頓媲美。defend vt

14、. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands， as if in defence. (教材P26)她后退了幾步，看上去有些吃驚，并舉起了手，好像是在自衛(wèi)。4 defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth. 保護(hù)某人/某物免受傷害 defend oneself against sth.為自己辯護(hù) defence/defense n 保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)；辯護(hù)；答辯 in defence (of.) 為了保衛(wèi) in sb.s/sth.s defence 為辯護(hù)；在的防備下（3）defender n.

15、 后衛(wèi)；防御者（1）（2）defend指“保衛(wèi)；防御；辯護(hù)”，使用范圍廣泛，對象可以是具體的，也可以是抽象的。guard指“守衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi)”，指注意觀察、戒備，以免受可能的攻擊或傷害。例：The PLA Navy guard the coastline of our motherland. 中國人民解放軍海軍守衛(wèi)著我們祖國的海岸線。protect指“保護(hù)”，利用各種手段，使用某些器具，盡力照顧或保護(hù)某人某物使其免受危險(xiǎn)或傷害等，常與against或from連用。例：Dark glasses are sometimes worn to protect the eyes from strong sun

16、light. 有時(shí)人們戴墨鏡是為了保護(hù)眼睛以免使其受到強(qiáng)光的傷害。 With the end of the Cold War, we neednt spend so much on defending ourselves (against/from attack)隨著冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束，我們再不必花那么多錢來保護(hù)自己(不受侵犯)。 She defended herself successfully in court. 她在法庭上成功地為自己作了辯護(hù)。 In the meeting, few people spoke in my defence.在會議上，很少有人為我辯護(hù)。in general=gene

17、rally speaking 總的來說；通常In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads?。ń滩腜26）但總的來說，在當(dāng)今文化交融的世界，學(xué)習(xí)不同國家的習(xí)俗肯定能夠幫助我們避免交往中的困難！1學(xué)生用書見P98on the whole 總的來說as a whole 就整體上來看generally speaking 一般說來in a word 總之，簡言之in short 簡言之 In gene

18、ral， the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.一般說來，北方人喜歡吃餃子，而南方人喜歡吃米飯。 Generally speaking， parents care more about their childrens health than about their own.一般說來，父母關(guān)心孩子的健康勝過關(guān)心自己的健康。 On the whole， I am quite satisfied with the result.總的說來，我對這個(gè)結(jié)果很滿意。 Is this true

19、just in this country, or in the world as a whole? 只是在這個(gè)國家如此呢,還是就整個(gè)世界來看都這樣?at ease 舒服；快活；自由自在The most universal facial expression is， of course， the smileits function is to show happiness and put people at ease. (教材P30 )微笑當(dāng)屬最普遍使用的面部表情其作用是表示快樂和安人心境。2feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松put/set sb.at ease 使某人放松

20、、松弛take ones ease 休息，輕松一下ease off 減輕；緩和 A smile is intended to make people at ease.微笑旨在使人們輕松自在。 The girl answered all the questions with great ease.那女孩非常輕松地回答了所有問題。 Dont overwork yourself and take your ease.不要過度勞累，休息一會兒。 Now that my boy is back at school, I can ease off.現(xiàn)在我兒子回學(xué)校去了，我可以輕松輕松了。lose face

21、 丟臉，丟人There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “l(fā)oses face” and smiles to hide it. （教材P30）還有不愉快的微笑，如當(dāng)某人“丟了面子”就會用微笑來掩飾。3lose courage 喪失勇氣lose heart 泄氣；灰心lose no time 刻不容緩lose ones heart to 愛上；鐘情于lose ones life 喪生lose ones way 迷路lose sight of 看不見；忽略lose weight 減肥 When Tom failed to beat his oppo

22、nent, he felt he had lost face with his friends. 湯姆沒能打敗對手，這讓他在朋友面前很丟臉。nor 引起的部分倒裝Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. (教材P26)各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。1學(xué)生用書見P99nor置于句首時(shí)，其后的句子要用倒裝語序，常將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連

23、系動詞提到主語之前，表示“前者不，后者也不”，此時(shí)的nor也可用neither代替。(1)如果表示 肯定“前者，后者也”，則須用so放在句首的倒裝，即 “sobe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”。(2)如果前句既有肯定又有否定; 或者主語不一致；或者時(shí)態(tài)不一致時(shí)，要用So it is with.或Its the same with.句型。(3)如果表示對前面的內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步肯定，附和，則要用“so主語be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞”即“so+正常語序”，意為“的確是這樣”。(4)“主語do/did/doesso”表示 “某人這樣做了”，本結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞不能改為be動詞或情態(tài)動詞。 Mary never does

24、 any reading in the evening， nor/neither does Jane.瑪麗晚上從不看書，簡也不看。 He isnt a doctor， and nor/neither is his brother.他不是醫(yī)生，他哥哥也不是。 If Dick can finish the work on time， so can I.如果狄克能按時(shí)完成工作，那我也能。 Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well， so it is with Ann.邁克是加拿大人并且漢語說得很流利，安也是如此。 The doctor a

25、sked him to eat more vegetables， and he did so.醫(yī)生讓他多吃些蔬菜，他就這么做了。be likely to do sth. 可能做某事However， people from places like Spain， Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. (教材P26)但是，來自像西班牙、意大利或南美等國家的人會站在離別人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身體)接觸對方。2這是sb./sth.be likely t

26、o do 句型，意為“做某事是可能的”。該句中l(wèi)ikely為形容詞。該句型還可以表示為：It is likely that.可能。該句式的同義句型：Its possible (for sb.) to do./that.There is a possibility that.該句式的否定句型：sb./sth.is unlikely to do.=It is unlikely that.不太可能There is no chance that./of (doing) sth. There is no chance/possibility that沒有做的可能 Its very likely that

27、 hell succeed.=He is very likely to succeed. 他極有可能成功。 It is possible for us to get from Beijing to Tianjin in less than an hour.我們可能用不到一個(gè)小時(shí)就能從北京到天津。 It is possible that the first people crossed into Australia from Asia on a great land bridge.第一批從亞洲進(jìn)入澳大利亞的人可能是從一座巨大的陸地橋上過去的。 There is a possibility tha

28、t the robot might uncover valuable artifacts untouched for thousands of years.機(jī)器人有可能發(fā)掘出數(shù)千年來原封未動的貴重工藝品。 Its unlikely to rain today.=There is no chance that it will rain today. =There is no chance of rain today. 今天不可能下雨。.品句填詞品句填詞（用所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式或根據(jù)語境寫一個(gè)合適的詞）1.It really makes me excited, because in the past

29、10 years, my exhibitions （greet） with praise.【答案】【答案】havent been greeted2.The competition attracted over 500 contestants （represent） 8 different countries.【答案】【答案】representing3. When it approaches 12 oclock, and when we pass the dining-hall, we cant help (greet) by the smell of cooking.【答案】【答案】being

30、 greeted學(xué)生用書見P1004. All the new and creative things drive all the children into a world of _(curious), and they raise one question after another. 【答案】【答案】curiosity5. Such an occasional burst-out comment set off the anger of his boss, which made the clerk further (misunderstand).【答案】【答案】misunderstood

31、6.We can predict how likely someone will be to get ill from colds and flu from their （face） features.【答案】【答案】facial7.Japan now has 54 nuclear reactors, （rank） third in terms of energy output behind the United States and France.【答案】【答案】ranking8. Though these facilities have been used for so many year

32、s, they (function) well, never affecting the production. 【答案】【答案】have been funtioning9. Suddenly, with no idea anymore which way was out, Katherine found herself (dash), dead blind, across an endless black abyss(深淵).【答案【答案】dashing10.There is a robot capable of understanding （speak） commands.【答案】【答案】

33、spoken.單句改錯單句改錯（含詞匯和本單元的語法）1.With summer approach, all kinds of beautiful T-shirts and skirts are displayed in many shops, which attract most of the young people.【答案】【答案】approachapproaching2.The promise represents the essence of the American spirit is that anyone can succeed in this country if you h

34、ave a good idea and the determination to see it through.【答案】【答案】representsrepresenting 3.Those who are of great determination are more like to make great achievements.【答案】【答案】likelikely 4. Faced with the crossroad of life, one must think first and make a right decision to take a right way, which lea

35、ds you straight to the destination.【答案】【答案】 crossroadcrossroads5.Dont worry about meeting my parents; Im sure they will put you on ease by being friendly and informal.【答案】【答案】onat 6. In lots of situations, when I confronted difficulties, and subjective thought that would not be overcome, I dropped o

36、ut and gave up easily. 【答案【答案】 6.subjectivesubjectively 7.He is a reliable and respected man. Never has he turned his back to his friends, whenever he is well off or badly off.【答案】【答案】toon8.The museum built beside the park now is said to be designed by a group of young men.【答案】【答案】在built前加上being 9.I

37、n the present society, no matter how confident a woman is, she will lose her face if her boyfriend or husband doesnt have a house.【答案】【答案】去掉第一個(gè)her 10. In the present society, no matter how confident a woman is, she will lose her face if her boyfriend or husband doesnt have a house. 【答案】【答案】cheek cheeks .課文語法填空課文語法填空 Studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cult