托福閱讀句子插入題如何銜接

1、托福閱讀句子插入題如何做到無縫銜接朗閣海外考試研究中心鄭虹句子插入題 (Insert Text Questions)是托福閱讀考試必考題型，出現(xiàn)在每一篇文章倒數(shù)第二題， 大部分考生在做此題時遇到模棱兩可的答案情況較多，容易選錯。 朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將針對這個問題，具體分析句子插入題的考試特點及解題技巧。一、題型特點句子插入題顧名思義就是給一句新的句子，要求考生們把這個句子插入到相應(yīng)的位置，指定位置是文章中四個黑色方塊的地方。這些方塊分布在句首或句末，四個方框有時都出現(xiàn)在一個段落里，有時分布在一段的末尾和下一段的開頭?？碱}形式如下：Look at the four squares tha

2、t indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?同學們要做的是點擊其中的一個方塊并將這個句子插入文章。句子插入題考查的內(nèi)容是句子與句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，即所插入句子必須和前后句子在邏輯關(guān)系上保持一致。 其實和我們寫作一樣，同學們不能把兩句毫無關(guān)系的句子放在一起。那么在英語里為了體現(xiàn)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，會采用各種銜接手段將句子連接起來，所以我們只要熟悉各種句子銜接手段， 我們就能立即判斷出來句子所插入的相應(yīng)位置。 以下，我們將對考試中經(jīng)常出

3、現(xiàn)的幾種銜接手段進行詳細分析。二、解題方法精選文庫1. 詞重復適用這種銜接方法簡單粗暴明了，無需花費大量腦細胞，完全是送分題。 后面一個句子里重復使用前面句子提到的同一個詞（通常是名詞），使用此方法，我們可以清楚知道作者仍然在談?wù)撏恢黝}，因為前后句子在意義上關(guān)系密切，互相連貫。Their competition and collaboration were creating the broadcasting industryin theUnitedStates,beginningwith theintroductionofcommercialradioprogramming in the e

4、arly 1920s. With financial assets considerably greaterthanthose inthe motion pictureindustry,and perhapsawider visionof therelationships among entertainment and communications media, they revitalizedresearch into recording sound for motion pictures. In 1929 the United Statesmotion picture industry r

5、eleased more than 300 sound filmsa rough figure,since a number were silent films with music tracks, or films prepared in dualversions, to take account of the many cinemas not yet wired for sound. At theproduction level, in the United States the conversion was virtually complete by1930. In Europe it

6、took a little longer, mainly because there were more smallproducers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitiveLook at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Whenthisresearchresultedinthedevelopmentofvastlyimprovedsound techniques, film studios beca

7、me convinced of the importance of converting to sound.前面一句話已經(jīng)提及到了research,第二次出現(xiàn)用thisresearch,所以答案選第二個選項。So, in another set of experiments, Kramer put identical food boxes around the-2精選文庫cage, with food in only one of the boxes. The boxes were stationary, and theone containing food was always at the

8、 same point of the compass. However,its position with respect to the surroundings could be changedby revolvingeither the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls, which served as thebackground. AslongasthebirdscouldseetheSun,nomatterhowtheirsurroundings were altered, they went directly to

9、the correct food box. Whetherthe box appearedLook at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.He arranged the feed boxes at various positions on a compass.不定冠詞 a compass在第一句話里再次出現(xiàn)用的是特指the compass,所以答案選第一個黑框。2. 詞指代替換帶有代詞題型也比較簡單明了，為了避免重復，我們通常會在第二個句子使用代詞代

10、替前面（或者后面）提到過的事物（一個詞）或者事件（一句話）。所以同學們只要正確找到代詞所指就能做對此題。形式一般是this +名詞，或者this單獨用于指代前面一句話。Since 1980, the use of wind to produce electricity has been growing rapidly.In1994therewerenearly20,000windturbinesworldwide,mostgroupedinclusterscalledwindfarmsthatcollectivelyproduced3,000megawattsofelectricity.Mos

11、t were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity fromwind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machines produced 1 percent of thestate s electricity, enough to meetthe residential needs of a city as large as SanFrancisco). Inprinciple,allthepowerneedsoftheUnitedStatescouldbeprovidedbyexpl

12、oitingthewindpotentialofjustthreestates NorthDakota,-3精選文庫South Dakota, and Texas.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Somecompaniesinthepowerindustryareawareofthiswiderpossibility and are planning sizable wind-farm projects in states other

13、than California.代詞 this wider possibility這種更加廣泛的可能性指代上一句話中的情態(tài)動詞could be,情態(tài)動詞 could be在這里表示可能性，所以答案選最后一個選項。Under very cold conditions, rocks can be shattered by ice and frost. Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cutout valleys, carrying with them huge qu

14、antities of eroded rock debris. In dryareas the wind is the principal agent of erosion.whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces, It carries fine particles of sand, thereby wearing them into yet moresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes. Treeroots force their way into cracks in rocks and,

15、in so doing, speed their splitting.In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soil fragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Under different

16、climatic conditions, another type of destructive force contributes to erosion.another是不定代詞， 指代后一句提到的另外一種destructive force。通過整個段落分析，第一句話destructiveforce包括 ice 和 frost,第二句話另外一種destructiveforce指-4精選文庫代的是 wind,所以選第一個黑框。閱讀中常出現(xiàn)的代詞：this, this+n, these, another, such and other etc.3. 詞同義替換此類句子銜接的方法是指所插入句子里面

17、的詞（通常是名詞） 與所在位置前后句子的詞同義替換， 這種方法要求會比較高，考生除了要理解插入句子里面詞的意思，還要找到所在段落里面與它同義的詞。Watt's steam engine soon showed what it could do.It liberatedindustryfrom dependence on running water. The engine eliminated water in the minesbydrivingefficientpumps,whichmadepossibledeeperanddeepermining. The ready availa

18、bility of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s todevelopthefirstnewformofnighttimeilluminationtobediscoveredinamillennium and a half.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passageThe factories did not have to go to the streams when power co

19、uld cometo the factories這個句子里面的factories與前一句里的industry同義替換，這里同義替換并不是指兩個詞要完全對等才能同義替換。只要兩個詞之間在某一部分是表同義的就可以。比如說工業(yè)必然會涉及到很多工廠建立，所以我們可以說兩個詞是同義替換。答案選第三個黑框。Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he couldalsoseea patternemerging:Certainfossilsalwaysappearinmoreancientsedimen

20、ts, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent.-5精選文庫By following the fossils Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earthinto relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier madethesamediscoverywhilestudyingtherocksaroundParis. Soonitwasrealized th

21、at this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only inEngland or France but virtually everywhere.It was actually a principle of floralsuccession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following

22、sentence could beadded to the passage.Thefindingsofthesegeologistsinspiredothers toexaminethe rockand fossil records in different parts of the world.The findings意思是 “發(fā)現(xiàn) ”，與段落第二句話the same discovery表同義替換，所以這句話應(yīng)該放在第三塊黑框回指前文提到的發(fā)現(xiàn)，答案選第三塊黑框。4. 連接詞銜接英語里面表達句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系通常會用到連接詞，同學們除了要知道連接詞的意思，還要知道連接的兩個句子是否存在相應(yīng)

23、的邏輯關(guān)系，所以這種方法相對前面幾種是比較難的。?？歼B接詞有表轉(zhuǎn)折，原因，結(jié)果，遞進等。Modernarchitecturalformsgenerallyhavethreeseparatecomponentscomparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, anouter skin enclosing the interior spaces, equipment, similar to the body s vitalorgans and systems. The equipment includ

24、es plumbing, electrical wiring, hotwater , and air-conditioning.Ofcourseinearlyarchitecture suchas igloosand adobe structures there was no such equipment, and the skeleton and skinwere often one.-6精選文庫Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Ho

25、wever,somemodernarchitecturaldesigns,suchasthoseusingfolded plates of concreter or air-inflated structures, are again unifying skeleton and skin.插入句子中的however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，前后意思相反或者對比。最后一句話inearlyarchitecture對應(yīng)插入句子modernarchitecturaldesigns,所以選擇最后一個黑色方框。句子插入題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞有：however, but, yet, whereas and while et

26、c. Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouthsand water is forced in and over their gills. Accordingly, they have lost most ofthe muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. Infact, tunas must swim to breathe. They must also keep swimming t

27、o keepfrom sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, thegas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence can beadded to the passage.Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.Consequently是表示

28、結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系詞。整句話意思是所以金槍魚不需要在水里吮吸。段落第一句意思： 因為金槍魚的游動從不停止，它們必須張著嘴使水流經(jīng)它們的腮。根據(jù)兩句話的邏輯意思， 因為它張著嘴使水流經(jīng)它們的腮，所以不需要在水里吮吸。同學們不僅要理解 consequently的意思，還要理解前后兩句話的意思才能做對此題。答案選第二個黑框。-7精選文庫表示結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系詞有：consequently, therefore, so, hence and thus etc.It has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of

29、 peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the Bering Strait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age.The firstwatercrafttheoryaboutthemigrationwas thataround11,000-12,000 years ago there was an ice-free corridor stretching from easternBeringi

30、a to the areas of North America south of the great northern glaciers. Itwasthe mid continentalcorridorbetweentwo massiveicesheets-theLaurentide to the west-that enabled the southward migration. But belief inthisice-freecorridorbegan tocrumblewhen paleoecologistGlenMacDonalddemonstratedthatsomeofthem

31、ostimportantradiocarbondatesused tosupport the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect. He persuasivelyargued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later, when thecontinental ice began its final retreat.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence co

32、uld be added to the passage.Moreover, other evidence suggests that even if an ice-free corridor didexist,itwouldhavelackedtheresourcesneededforhumancolonization.Moreover表遞進，可譯為“此外 ”，插入句子意思和段落最后一句話表遞進關(guān)系，譯為：他令人信服地主張那樣的不凍地帶直到很久以后才出現(xiàn)，那時大陸冰塊開始最后的消退。此外其它證據(jù)表明即使不凍地帶存在，所以答案選最后一個黑色方框。5. 觀點+ 例子這種連接的方法往往插入的句子是作

33、者表達的觀點，那么我們只要回段落找相關(guān)的例子就可-8精選文庫以選擇正確的方框了。The differences in feeding preferences lead, in turn, to differences in migratoryhabits. The wildebeests follow, in their migration, the pattern of local rainfall. The other species do likewise. But when a new area is fueled by rain, themammalsmigratetowarditi

34、nasetordertoexploitit.Thelarger,lessfastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeestscome later;and the smallest species of all, Thomson s gazelle, arrives last.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.The sequence in which they migrate correlates with their body size.插入的句子表達了一個觀點：它們遷移的順序是與身體大小相關(guān)的。那么我們只要找一個例子和身體大小相關(guān)的句子即可。最后一句話thelarger,lessfastidiousfeeders,thezebras, move in first.通過這兩組詞我們就可以判斷出來這是一個例子，所以答案選最后一個黑框。Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab worl