初中形容詞副詞

1、觀察下面的單詞：short tall beautiful thin kind big bright earnest gentle long small sunny hard-working honest generous careful careless efficient 一）形容詞的用法1. 形容詞可以作定語。一般詞序為“冠詞（或其他限定詞）+ 形容詞+名詞” This is a difficult question.這是一個困難的問題。（difficult 是形容詞，做定語，修飾名詞question） There are some beautiful flowers in the gar

2、den.花園里有一些美麗的花。（beautiful 是形容詞，做定語，修飾名詞flowers）2. 形容詞可以作表語。通常用在be , keep, get, become, turn, stay, seem, look, taste, sound, feel, smell, appear等連系動詞之后作表語。例如： I think this story is very interesting.我認為這個故事很有趣。（interesting做表語） He looks sad.他看上去很悲傷。（sad 做表語） We should keep healthy. 我們應該保持健康。(healthy 做

3、表語) This piece of music sounds very beautiful.這首音樂聽起來很優(yōu)美。（beautiful做表語）3. 形容詞可以作賓語補足語 Rainy days make me sad.下雨的日子使我憂愁。 （sad 做賓語me 的補足語） The boy kept the door closed.那個男孩一直把門關(guān)著。 （closed 做賓語the door 的補足語）4. 大多數(shù)形容詞既可做表語又可做定語，但少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語，不能作定語。如：ill(病的)，alone (孤獨的)，asleep(睡著的)，afraid(害怕的)，awake(醒著的)，al

4、ive(活著的)，well(健康的)等，它們也沒有比較級的變化。例如：只能說a lonely man (一個孤獨的人)，不能說an alone man; 只能說a sick man (一個病人)，不能說an ill man; 只能說a sleeping boy (一個睡著的男孩)，不能說an asleep boy.5. 有些形容詞前加定冠詞the 變成名詞表示一類人，常用作復數(shù)。這樣的詞有：young/old ; poor/rich; healthy/sick; good/bad; black/white; living/dead; blind/deaf.例如： We should speak

5、 to the old politely. The poor should be taken good care of.三、精講釋疑 1.形容詞通常放在它所修飾的名詞的前面。如：a big room; some tall trees等。 2.與不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything等連用時，形容詞后置，放在這些詞之后。例如：1) I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告訴你們。2) Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper? 今天

6、的報紙上有什么有趣的內(nèi)容嗎？3) There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.世上無難事，只怕有心人。4) Please tell me everything new about your hometown.請告訴我有關(guān)你們家鄉(xiāng)的一切新事情。 3.與表示度量、空間的詞語連用時，形容詞要放在它所修飾的詞語后面。如：1) He is sixty years old.他六十多歲了。2) This classroom is about 12 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3

7、meters high. 這間教室大約12米長，6米寬，3米高。4. 當名詞前有多個形容詞修飾時，一般按下列詞序排列： 限定詞（定冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞）->描述性的形容詞（如：interesting, fine, beautiful, happy等）-> 表示大小、長短、高低及形狀的形容詞（如：big/small, long/short/tall, high/low等）-> 表示年齡、新舊的形容詞（如：young, old, new等）-> 表示顏色的形容詞（如：white, black, yellow等）-> 表示國籍、地區(qū)、出處的

8、形容詞（如：American, French等）-> 表示物質(zhì)、材料的詞（如：stone, plastic, silk, wooden等）注意：不論在書面語，還是口語中，作定語的形容詞超過三個以上時，就會使句子顯得很不自然。因此，上面所列的排列順序，不可能同時出現(xiàn)在同一個名詞短語中。例如： a white cotton shirt 一件白棉布襯衫 a new wooden bridge一座新木橋 that tall fat young man 那個高大粗壯的年輕人1. 形容詞變比較級的規(guī)則變化：類別構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般直接加-er, -estnew, tal

9、lnewer tallernewest tallest不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時加r，stlate, finelater, finerlatest, finest輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時把y變i，再加-er，-esteasy, happyeasier, happiereasiest, happiest重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加-er, -estthin, hotthinner, hotterthinnest, hottest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級前加more，mostpopular,importantmorepopular,moreimportantmostpopul

10、ar,mostimportant2. 形容詞變比較級的不規(guī)則變化：有少數(shù)形容詞的比較級和最高級變化形式是不規(guī)則的，因詞而異，同學們需要單獨記憶。例如：但有少數(shù)幾個形容詞無比較級和最高級。如excellent , wonderful, favorite等需要同學們特別留心。 原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(較遠)further(進一步)farthest(最遠)furthest(最大程度)oldolderelder(較年長的)oldesteldest(最年長

11、的)三、精講釋疑1.形容詞原級的用法： 表示雙方程度相同或不同時用形容詞原級。用主語A+謂語（系動詞）+as+形容詞原形+as+對比成分B來表示“A和B一樣”所比程度相同；用主語A+謂語（系動詞）+not+as/so+形容詞原形+as+對比成分B來表示“A不如B”所比程度不同。原級前通常用too, very, so, quite等詞修飾。例如：1）Your bike is as new as mine. 你的自行車和我的一樣新。 2）This story is not as/so interesting as that one. 這個故事沒有那個有趣。3）It is very warm tod

12、ay. 今天很暖和。4）His English is quite good. 他的英語相當好。2. 形容詞的比較級用法：兩者比較，用比較級表示，其中than 是比較級的標志。其基本句式為：主語+謂語（系動詞）+形容詞比較級+than +對比成分。比較級前有時有一個表示程度的詞或短語。常見有：a little, much, a lot, still, even, some, any, far等。例如：1） My shirt is much cheaper than yours. 我的襯衫比你的便宜。2） Lesson 3 is very difficult, but Lesson 5 is ev

13、en more difficult.第三課很難，但是第五課更難。注意：在含有形容詞的比較級句子中，對兩個相比較的內(nèi)容為了避免重復，我們常常用that, those來代替前面的詞。例如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs. 形容詞的比較級還可用在某些句型中，如：比較級+and +比較級，（表示越來越）；the +比較級， the +比較級（表示越,越）。例如：1）He is growing tall

14、er and taller.他個子越來越高。 2）China is becoming more and more beautiful now.中國現(xiàn)在正變得越來越美麗。3）The busier he is ,the happier he feels.他越忙，他越感到快樂。 3. 形容詞的最高級用法： 三者或三者以上的比較，用最高級表示，其前面要加定冠詞the 。它的標志一般是后跟一個of (in , among)構(gòu)成的介詞短語來說明比較的范圍。其基本句式為：主語+謂語（系動詞）+the +最高級+（名詞）+表示范圍的短語（in/of/among）例如：He is the tallest(stu

15、dent)in his class.注意：最高級前可以有序數(shù)詞來修飾。例如：Which is the first most useful invention? 哪一個是第一個最有用途的發(fā)明？ 句型one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數(shù)，表示“是最之一”。例如：Yao Ming is one of the most popular basketball stars in China.姚明是中國最受歡迎的球星之一。如果形容詞最高級前有物主代詞，指示代詞，名詞所有格時，則不必加定冠詞the 。例如：Yesterday was my busiest day.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。4.使用形容詞

16、時須注意的幾個問題1）某些動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞被用作形容詞時，其現(xiàn)在分詞所變化而生的形容詞表示“令人”，而由過去分詞變化而來的形容詞表示“人的感受”。其比較級、最高級分別加more和 most。例如：She was very excited when she heard the exciting news.當她聽到那個令人興奮的消息時，她非常的激動。I am interested in the story, because it is very interesting.我對這個故事感興趣，因為它非常有趣。 They were all very surprised at the surpri

17、sing result.他們所有的人對那個令人吃驚的結(jié)果感到非常的驚奇。3） 比較的對象要一致。若在同一范圍比較時，必須把主體排除在被比較的對象之外，其表達句式為：比較級+than + any other +名詞單數(shù)+同一范圍。但在表達形容詞最高級的比較句中，則一定要把主體包括在內(nèi)。例如： He is taller than any other student in his class.他在他的班級中比任何其它一個學生都高。（同一范圍內(nèi)）China is larger than any other country in Asia.中國在亞洲比任何其它一個國家都大。（同一范圍內(nèi)）China is

18、 larger than any country in Africa.中國比非洲任何一個國家都大。（不在同一范圍內(nèi)） The girl is the tallest of all the sisters in her family. 這個女孩在她家所有的姐妹當中最高的。The Chang Jiang River is the longest of all the rivers in China.長江在中國所有的河流當中是最長的。1.副詞在句子中修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子。用來表示時間、地點、方式及程度。副詞根據(jù)所表達的不同意義可將其分為以下幾種：方式副詞：well，fast，care

19、fully，quickly，politely, extremely等 程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite等 地點副詞：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home等 時間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still等 頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never等 否定副詞：no，not，neither，nor等 疑問副詞：where，how，why，when(放在特殊疑問句前)關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why(通常

20、引導賓主從句)連接副詞：how, when, where, why, whether(通常引導定語從句)2.副詞的用法：1) 用作狀語。通常修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子。例如： he studies very hard.他學習非常用功。This pen is too expensive.這支鋼筆非常昂貴。2) 用作表語。例如：Is she in? 她在家嗎？ He was here a moment ago.他剛才在這兒。3) 用作定語。有時少數(shù)地點副詞可以作定語放在所修飾詞之后。例如：The two students there are from Australia.那兒的兩個學生來

21、自于澳大利亞。 Read the article below, and then answer the questions above.閱讀下面的文章，然后回答上面的問題。4) 用作賓語補足語。例如：Let them in, please.請讓他們進去。三、精講釋疑 副詞的位置：1. 多數(shù)方式副詞都可以放在動詞的后面，如果動詞后面有賓語，副詞就放在賓語之后。例如：The train goes fast. 火車跑得飛快。2. 時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中，地點副詞通常在前，時間副詞在后。例如：We went shopping in the supermarket at 10 a.m. last

22、Sunday.3. Always , usually, often, never, ever, sometimes等，放在行為動詞之前，情態(tài)動詞、助動詞之后。例如：1) I always remember the day when I came to this school.我始終記得我來這所學校時的那一天。2） They can often go swimming in the lake nearby. 他們能經(jīng)常去附近的河里游泳。4. 修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，一般放在被修飾的詞之前。例如：he did it quite well.他做得相當好。Its so important that

23、 I must tell it to all my friends. 這個是如此地重要以致于我必須將它告訴我所有的朋友。5. 及物動詞和副詞（down, up, off, on, out, in, over等）組成的動詞詞組有名詞作賓語時，名詞可放在副詞之前或之后，如有代詞作賓語時，代詞（賓格）一定要放在副詞之前。例如：1）Would you please turn your radio down? Its too noisy.請你將收音機的聲音調(diào)小好嗎？聲音太吵了。2）if you dont know the meaning of this word, please look it up i

24、n the dictionary .如果你不知道這個單詞的意思，請你在字典里查閱一下。注意：1.副詞very可以修飾形容詞、副詞，但不能修飾動詞。例如：1）this flower is very beautiful. 2） I like English very much. (但不能說：I very like English .)2. enough 作副詞時，用在形容詞、副詞之后面；enough用作形容詞時，放在名詞前或后都可以。例如：1）he is strong enough to lift the heavy box. 他非常的強壯，能夠把那個重盒子提起來。2) the man has g

25、ot enough money(or: money enough ) to buy a car.這個人有足夠的錢買一輛小汽車。3. 頻度副詞的比例表：Always-100%,usually-80%,often-70%60%,sometimes,at times-30%40%，seldom, hardly ever-5%,never-0%1、 副詞的比較等級構(gòu)成。分別為原級、比較級和最高級。觀察下表，注意總結(jié)規(guī)律。1）規(guī)則變化2）以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞（early除外），在詞的前面加more 或most。3）不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlitt

26、lelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest三、精講釋疑 1.副詞原級的用法： 表示比方程度相同或不同時用副詞原級。用主語A+謂語（行為動詞）+as+副詞原形+as+對比成分B來表示“A和B一樣”所比程度相同；用主語A+ do not (does not ) +謂語動詞（行為動詞）+ as/so+副詞原形+as+對比成分B來表示“A不如B”所比程度不同。原級前通常用too, very, so, quite等詞來修飾。例如：1）I study as hard as he 2) he doesnt work so hard as

27、you.2. 副詞的比較級的用法： 兩者比較，用比較級表示，其中than是比較級的標志。其基本句式為：主語+謂語（行為動詞）+副詞比較級 + than +對比成分，比較級前有時有一個表示程度的詞或短語。常見有：a little, much, a lot, still, even, far等。例如：1） She dances far more beautifully than you (do). 她跳舞比你跳得優(yōu)美得多。2） Kate runs even faster than Bill. 凱特跑得比爾還要快。3） Which do you like better, tea or coffee?

28、 茶和咖啡你更喜歡哪一個？注意：副詞的比較級還可用在某些句型中，如：比較級+and + 比較級（表示越來越）; the +比較級，the +比較級，（表示越,越）。例如：1）He is running faster and faster.他跑得越來越快。2）It began to snow more and more heavily.雪開始下的越來越大。3）The harder you study, the better you will learn English.你學習越努力，英語你就學得越好。3. 副詞的最高級的用法：三者或三者以上的比較，用最高級表示，其前面可以省去定冠詞the 。它的

29、標志一般是跟一個of (in ,among)構(gòu)成的介詞短語來說明比較的范圍。其基本句式為：主語+謂語（行為動詞）+ （the） +副詞最高級+表示范圍的短語（in/of/among）例如：Tom jumped （the）farthest of all the boys.湯姆在所有的男孩中跳的最遠。二、討論交流1.already與yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句句中，表示“已經(jīng)”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“還”，用于疑問句句末，表示“已經(jīng)”例如，He had already left when I called.當我給他打電話時，他已經(jīng)離開了。Have you found your rul

30、er yet？你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎？I havent finished my homework yet.我還沒有完成作業(yè)。注意：already還可以表示驚奇，驚訝等語氣，常用于疑問句句末例如：Has your son gone to school already？你的兒子已經(jīng)上學了嗎？(表示很驚訝)2 very，much和very much.的區(qū)別very用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級；much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級；修飾動詞要用very much.例如，John is very honest.約翰非常誠實。This garden is much bigger than that one.

31、這個花園比那個大的多。Thank you very much.非常感謝你4.also，too，as well與either的區(qū)別also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞之后，行為動詞之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is

32、a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老師，我媽媽也是。I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French，either.我不會說法語，詹妮也不會。一、 精講釋疑 so與such的區(qū)別so修飾形容詞或副詞;such修飾名詞，例如，My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一個這樣的孩子。so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.such可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，名詞前可以

33、有形容詞作定語，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，“such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”，.例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一個如此聰明的孩子。It is such cold weather.這么冷的天氣。(正)It is so cold weather.(誤)They are such good students.他們是那么好的學生。(正)They are so good students. (誤)如果可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前有many，few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little修飾，用so不用suc

34、h.例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可數(shù)名詞5.sometime，sometimes，some time與some times的區(qū)別sometime：某一時間，某一時刻，可指將來時，也可指過去時sometimes：有時，不時的some time：一段時間some times：幾次，幾倍.例如，Well have a test sometime next month.下個月的某一時間，我們要進行一次測試。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are

35、 not.有時我們很忙，有時不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段時間。I have been to Beijing some times.我去過北京好幾次。6.ago與before的區(qū)別ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”，常與一般過去時連用，不可以單獨使用。before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成時連用，可以單獨使用。例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分鐘之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告訴我他

36、以前看過這場電影。7.now，just與just now的區(qū)別now：與一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時連用，意為“現(xiàn)在”just：與現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時連用，表示“剛”just now：和過去時連用，表示“剛才”.例如，Where does he live now？他現(xiàn)在住哪里？We have just seen the film.我們剛看過這場電影。He was here just now.他剛才在這里。（一）考查形容詞的用法. 單項選擇( ) 1. ¬¬ What news it was! Yes, all of the children were very .A

37、. surprising; surprised B. surprising; surprising C. surprised; surprised D. surprised; surprising( ) 2. This kind of fruit looks . Yes, and it tastes even .A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best( ) 3. He became when he heard the exciting news.A. angry B. angrily C. happy D. ha

38、ppily( ) 4. The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on.A. long B. high C. thick D. wide. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。1. (年輕人) should be polite to (老人).2. Dont leave the door (開著的). Its too cold.3. The baby is (睡著的). Turn down the TV, please.4. Basketball is a kind of (受歡迎的) sport. Mos

39、t people like it.5. He lives alone, but he doesnt feel (孤獨的).6. China is a (發(fā)展中的) country.（二）、考查形容詞的位置. 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。1. 你還有別的事情要說嗎？ Do you have to say?2. 老師有一些重要的事情要告訴我們。 The teacher has to tell us.3. 人口問題將會是一個大問題。 The population will be .4. 媽媽帶著一個裝滿雞蛋的籃子從超市回來了。 Mom came back from the supermarket with

40、 。. 單項選擇( ) 1. Toms father thinks he is already . A. high enough B. tall enough C. enough high D. enough tall( ) 2. What things can you see in the picture, my friend? Nothing, I think.A. other B. else C. another D. others( ) 3. There is _ in today's newspaper. A. interesting something B. nothing

41、 interesting C. interesting anything D. anything interesting( ) 4. -Is Mrs. Brown badly ill? -No, _. Only a little cold. A. quite well B. nothing serious C. not worry D. anything serious( ) 5. Come here, I have_ to tell you. A. interesting something B. anything interesting C. nothing interesting D.

42、something interesting( ) 6. I'm not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough( ) 7. The girl works hard _ to pass the exam. A. enough B. too C. still D. yet( ) 8. Do you want_A. else anything B. anything else C. other anything D. else something( )

43、9. Have you seen _ in the room?A. anyone else B. else anyone C. anyone other D. everyone else( ) 10. _ would like to go to the park with me?A. Whom else B. What else C. Who else D. Else who四、達標檢測 . 單項選擇( ) 1. She is careful as me, but Im than you.A. as; much careful B. as; much more carefulC. so; mo

44、re careful D. so, very careful( ) 2. Tom has made progress this term than before.A. little B. less C. fewer D. much( ) 3. Which is , the sun, the moon or the earth?A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. the bigger( ) 4. My sister sings English songs of us all.A. badly B. worse C. more badly D. worst ( )

45、 5. Of the two girls, Lucy is one. I think you can find her easily.A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。1. This apple is (是的兩倍大) that one.2. My hometown is getting (越來越漂亮).3. Shanghai is (最美麗的城市之一) in China.4. (越忙) he is, (越高興) he feels.5. Now the air in our hometown is

46、(好得多) than it was ten years ago.6. Tom is _ (tall) than Jim.7. Li Lei is _(young) boy in his class.8.I think English is _ (interesting)than any other subject.9.David has _ (many)story books of all the students.10.Li Lei speaks English _ (well) in his group.11.Lucy runs _ (slow) than Lily.III.寫出下列形容詞

47、副詞的比較級最高級。1.young _ _ 2.nice _ _ 3.far _ _ 4.early _ _5.much _ _ 6.delicious _ _7.short_ _ 8. late _ _9. little _ _ 10.beautiful _ _ 11.fat _ _ 12. red _ _四、達標檢測 . 用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1. “We must keep in the library,” the librarian said to me . (quiet)2. Please read the sentences . The you read, the few

48、er mistakes youll make. (careful)3. I didnt sleep last night, so now I feel very tired. (well)4. Mr. Smith was moved at the news. (deep)5. It snowed last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy). 單項選擇( ) 1. What a cough! You seem ill.A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. ter

49、rible; terrible D. terribly; terribly( ) 2. If you want to know the word , youd better look it up in the dictionary.A. hardly B. carefully C. mostly D. exactly( ) 3. Will you please speak to an old person?A. kind B. kindly C. bad D. badly ( ) 4. She always finishes her homework on time. She leaves i

50、t for tomorrow.A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes( ) 5. Can you catch what I said? Sorry, I can understand it.A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. hard( ) 6. is your sister now? She is much better.A. How B. What C. Where D. Who( )7. is Mike? I think he is at school.A. Who B. What C. Where D. How

51、 ( ) 8. have you been in China? For three months.A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often ( ) 9. Please dont eat ice cream. Its bad for your health.A. much too B. too much C. too many D. many too( )10. The computer is expensive that I cant afford it.A. so B. such C. very D. quite四、 達標檢測 I. 單項選擇( ) 1. I felt tired last night, so I went to bed than usual.A. early B. earlier C. late D. later( ) 2. The horse is getting old and cannot run it did.A. as faster as B. so fast than C. faster D. so fast as( ) 3. I believe that you work, result youll get.A. the