非開挖技術(shù)的介紹(鉆機)中英文

1、INTRODUCTION TO TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY 非開挖技術(shù)的介紹By Samuel T. Ariaratnam, Ph.D., P.E.Arizona State University, USATraditional Methods 傳統(tǒng)的方法 First suited for “gre enfield” 適用于未發(fā)展區(qū)域 Low tech little change over past 50 yrs. 技術(shù)含量低，近50年沒有多大改進 Level of planning & implementation basic 對計劃與實施手段的要求低 “Non-gr

2、eenfield” surface disruptions, underground utilities 在市區(qū)施工， 對地面上的物景產(chǎn)生損壞，對地下的管網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生威脅Trenchless Technologies 無開挖技術(shù) Thrust Boring & Pipe Jacking (pre-1900s) 頂管法 Auger Boring (1940) 螺旋鉆進法 Impact Moling (1962) 沖擊矛法 Directional Drilling (1971) 水平定向鉆進法 Impact Ramming (1980) 夯管法 Pipe Bursting (1980s) 爆(裂

3、)管法Definition ofTrenchless Technologies 無開挖技術(shù)的定義無開挖技術(shù)就是采用各種方法， 材料，設(shè)備來鋪設(shè)，更換或修復(fù)地下公用設(shè)施而能做到最小限度地擾民礙市- North American Society for Trenchless Technology 北美無開挖技術(shù)協(xié)會Costs of Open Cut Pipe Replacement 開溝更換管道的成本開溝更換管道的成本 Pavement saw-cutting 開鑿路面 Excavation 挖溝 Trucking spoil and dump fees 運土費和倒土費用 Backfill and

4、 transport 回填和運輸費用 Compaction 壓實 Concrete or asphalt 重鋪水泥和瀝青 Traffic control交通管制Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向鉆進法 Lengths of 15 - 1800 m 施工長度：151800米 Diameters of 25 - 1200 mm 管徑251200毫米 Applications: 應(yīng)用 utility conduits 市政工程 Pipelines 管道設(shè)施 gravity sewers 下水管道 force mains 壓力管道 horizontal remed

5、iation wells 治理污染的水平管群 geotechnical investigations地質(zhì)調(diào)查HDD Process 水平定向鉆進過程HDD Process 水平鉆進定進過程Pipe Bursting 爆(裂)管法Pipe Bursting Process(Static) 爆管法的過程 （ 固定裂管工藝)Pipe Bursting Process(Static Cont.) 爆管法的過程 （固定裂管工藝) 續(xù)Pipe Bursting Process(Pneumatic) 爆管法的過程 （氣動工法) 下水管道的安裝Pipe Jacking 頂管法 Lengths of up to

6、 490 m have been achieved 施工長度可達490米 Diameters of 1060 - 3050 mm 管徑介于10603050毫米 Applications: 應(yīng)用 large diameter gravity sewers and force mains 大型下水管道和壓力管道Pipe Jacking Process 頂管法施工過程Lengths of 12 - 150 m 施工長度：12150米Diameters of 200 - 1500 mm 管徑：2001500毫米Applications: 應(yīng)用relatively short crossings of

7、pipes and conduits 短距離的管道施工CIPP Lining of Pipe 軟襯法Robotic Spot Repair 機器人現(xiàn)場修復(fù)(Internal/External Grouting) 內(nèi)部/外部注漿Pipe Scanning & Evaluation 管道掃描和評估Sewer Scanning & Evaluation Technology (SSET) 下水管道掃描和評估技術(shù)TWO CASE HISTORIES 兩個例子Pipe Bursting 爆管法Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向鉆進法Pipe Burs

8、ting of the Millstone Sanitary Trunk Sewer 爆管法的里程碑 Parallel the existing gravity trunk sewer with a new gravity trunk sewer 將新下水管與舊下水管平行安放 Construct a series of 5 new pumping stations and pump to adjacent sewerage area 需要設(shè)置5個新泵站，把污水泵送到鄰近排污系統(tǒng) Advantages 優(yōu)點 Maintains gravity flow 維持重力流動 Disadvantages

9、缺點 Construction in silty sand to clayey material 3 to 6 metres deep with high groundwater in close proximity to Millstone River, a highly sensitive Coho salmon habitat stream. 在3-6米的粘沙土層施工難度大；地下水位高；會影響三文魚棲息地的生態(tài) Additional right-of-way would be required 需要額外的管位 Cost Estimated at $5.1 million 成本估算約5.1

10、百萬美元 Advantages 優(yōu)點 Minimizes environmental impacts as pump stations and forcemains for the most part would be constructed in existing right-of-ways. 對環(huán)境擾動小 Disadvantages 缺點 Added undesirable long term operational costs to the City of Nanaimo 給這個城市增加了一些額外的長期營運成本 Cost Estimated at $5.2 million 成本估算約5.

11、2百萬美元 Advantages 優(yōu)點 Less environmental impact as excavation is minimized 由于極少動土， 對環(huán)境影響小 Gravity flow maintained 保持重力流動 No additional right-of-ways required無需額外的管位 No long term operational and maintenance costs associated with pump stations 無需象泵站方案那樣需要長期的營運和維護成本 More cost effective than alternatives

12、最經(jīng)濟的工法 Upsize required at the upper limit of PB technology in North America; however, there had been limited success 擴徑要求已達北美的爆管的上限；但也有一些成功的實例 Lengths 100m to 175m 長度為100米 至175米 Limited availability of contractors in North America with capability to perform upsize of this nature 能做這樣的擴徑工程的承包商有限Pre-q

13、ualification of contractors throughout North America 對北美的工程商進行資格審核Contract Undertaken In Two Stages 合同分兩步 Demonstration section consisting of 570m length 570米的演示工程 Remaining 3350m would be awarded upon successful completion of demonstration section 剩余的3350米將授與演示成功者Contract awarded to Terraco Excavat

14、ing Ltd. for $3.9 million 合同授與T.E.公司。工價3.9百萬美元Research undertaken with NRC-IRAP and the University of Alberta 研究工作由 NRC-IRAP and the University of Alberta 承擔 Ability to burst project lengths (100m to 175m) 能施工100 至175 米的長度 Ability to burst pipe couplings 能裂管接頭 Ability to burst concrete encasement 能裂混凝土包封 Although some difficulties encountered, remaining project was subsequently awarded 盡管遇到一些困難，項目最后獲得通過。AWARDED FORTHE MOST NOTABLETECHNICAL ADVANCEOR ACHIEVEMENT INTRENCHLESSTECHNOLOGYTHE CITY OF NANAIMO“PIPE BURSTING OF THE MILLSTONESANITARY SE