語言學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)大綱

1、語言學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)大綱General LinguisticsChapter One1. Design features of language (pp3-8)2. Functions of language (pp9-14)3. What is linguistics? (pp14-15)4. Important distinctions in linguistics (pp 20-23)Chapter Two5. Articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and perceptual(or auditory) phonetics (p24)6. What

2、is phonology? What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?Tip: Phonetics (= the study of sound) vs. Phonology (= thestudy of sound patterns)7. What is a phone? What is a phoneme? What is an allophone? (p 38-40)8. What are minimal pairs? (pp 38-39)Tip: When two different phonetic forms are

3、 identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the string, the two forms (i.e., words) are supposed to form a “minimal pair ”, e.g., “pill ”and “bill ”, “pill ”and “till ”, “till ”and “dill ”, “till ”and “kill ”, etc.9. What is free variation? (p41)Tip: If two

4、 sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast; namely, if the substitution of one for the other does not generate a new word form but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, the two sounds then are said to be in “free variation ”. P41.10. What is complementary distribution? (p

5、 40)11. What is the assimilation? (pp 41-42)Chapter Three12. What is morpheme? What is morphology? What is allomorph? What is free morpheme? What is a bound morpheme? (pp 52-55)13. What is a root? What is stem? What is an affix? (pp 53-54)14. Word and lexical items (p57)15. Classification of words (

6、pp59-61)16. Inflection and derivation (pp61-62)Chapter Four17. Positional relation, relation of substitutability, and relation of Co-occurrence (pp73-75)18. Endocentric and Exocentric constructions (pp 78-79)19. Coordination and subordination (pp79-81)20. Subject, Predicate, and Object (p81, p83, p8

7、4)21. Recursiveness (pp90-91)Tip: Repetition or embedding of the same structural elements in language.22. Cohesion (p92)Chapter Five23. The referential Theory (pp95-96)24. Sense relations (Synonymy, Antonymy and Hyponymy) (pp97-102)25. Semantic features or semantic components (p103)Chapter Six26. Wh

8、at is cognition? (pp 115-116)27. Psycholinguistics (p117)28. Language acquisition (pp118-119)29. Cognitive linguistics (p129)30. Attention/Salience, Judgment/Comparison(figure/ground) (pp130-131)31. Image schemas (134-135)32. Ontological metaphor, Structural Metaphor andOrientational metaphor (pp136

9、-137)33. Metonymy (pp138-142)Chapter Seven34. Language and culture (p146-147)35. Sapir-Whorf hypotheses, linguistic determinism, and linguistic relativity (pp149-150)36. Culture in language teaching classroom. (p156)37. Cross-cultural communicationChapter Eight38. Performatives and Constatives (p172)39. Locutionary act, Illocutionary act and Perlocution