各種課例教案

1、課例1   讀寫結(jié)合、系統(tǒng)提升高三英語(yǔ)話題作文教案-山東省沂南第一中學(xué)   李振永 郵箱：ynlizy 內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)析話題作文是近幾年來(lái)高考經(jīng)常采用的一種命題形式。近些年來(lái)，各地的高考試題命題牽涉了眾多的與中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和生活相關(guān)的話題，有時(shí)甚至還不乏社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利與弊；中學(xué)生使用手機(jī)的利與弊；環(huán)境保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的矛盾及關(guān)系；中小學(xué)生素質(zhì)教育；07年山東卷的免費(fèi)師范生的話題等等都是社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題。因此，教會(huì)高三學(xué)生如何進(jìn)行話題作文的寫作，探究話題作文的某些可以掌控的規(guī)律等都是必須的。目標(biāo)定位本節(jié)課為寫作課的教學(xué)，但盡管是寫作課的教學(xué)，由于寫作的主

2、題是話題作文，鑒于話題作文的某些特殊性，如要求學(xué)生提煉針對(duì)某個(gè)話題的不同觀點(diǎn)，要求學(xué)生能對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行理性并且客觀的分析，進(jìn)而發(fā)表自己的見解 諸如此類特點(diǎn)都要求老師不能對(duì)寫作的內(nèi)容和素材直接呈現(xiàn)，而是采用和閱讀相結(jié)合的方法，讓學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀篩選信息，提煉觀點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而就某一相關(guān)話題提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。然后逐步突進(jìn)，系統(tǒng)提升學(xué)生的寫作能力。（一）知識(shí)目標(biāo)1、初步掌握某些用于表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)句型，并能恰當(dāng)使用。2、了解英語(yǔ)話題作文的寫法，學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)某一相關(guān)話題進(jìn)行審題。（二）技能目標(biāo)  1、能通過(guò)對(duì)某一相關(guān)話題的描述的閱讀，提煉有用的信息和相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)。2、能在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上理清話題作文所需要展示的話題、

3、觀點(diǎn)、及對(duì)各種觀點(diǎn)的分析并進(jìn)而提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。3、能最終掌握話題作文的審題要點(diǎn)及寫作步驟。（三）策略目標(biāo)1、讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用原有的閱讀策略把握相關(guān)話題并進(jìn)行閱讀技能的遷移，即由閱讀技能遷移到寫作技能。2、能讓學(xué)生通過(guò)討論探究學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)話題作文的審題。3、通過(guò)相互的交流，相互學(xué)習(xí)，最終深化對(duì)話題作文的寫作過(guò)程的理解及相關(guān)句型的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備。（四）情感態(tài)度目標(biāo) 通過(guò)學(xué)生的合作與探究寫作培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的探究精神和合作意識(shí)。方法選擇閱讀與寫作結(jié)合性教學(xué)的方法即先對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行與寫作話題相關(guān)的閱讀理解的訓(xùn)練, 讓學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀獲得與該話題或?qū)懽魅蝿?wù)相關(guān)的信息，并將其作為寫作的基礎(chǔ),在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上,馬上進(jìn)行同步的寫

4、作教學(xué)。這既體現(xiàn)了寫作教學(xué)中的漸進(jìn)性原則也達(dá)到了閱讀教學(xué)與寫作教學(xué)的聯(lián)動(dòng),促進(jìn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合能力的提高。教學(xué)流程Before-writing環(huán)節(jié)一：Useful sentence patternsActivity: Practise the relative useful sentence drillsThe teacher asks the students to discuss in groups and fimd out “which sentences drills can we use to express our opinions” , then summarize the stud

5、ents ansers and get the students to make sentences following them.The useful drills:1) People have a discussion about2) People who are in favor of it think For one thing For another3) However, others put forward a totally different view about They consider it4) In my opinion, it is better than5) I p

6、refer traveling by train rather than by plane.6) The advantage of is that and the disadvantage of is that【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】話題作文肯定要就某一話題表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此，在寫作前，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行相關(guān)句型的探討、學(xué)習(xí)和積累實(shí)際上是在為寫作做準(zhǔn)備。這個(gè)活動(dòng)調(diào)動(dòng)個(gè)體學(xué)生已有的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備，同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生利用資源策略進(jìn)行信息搜尋，活動(dòng)全組參與，也培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的合作意識(shí)。環(huán)節(jié)二：Sample learningActivity: The students learn from a writing sample and c

7、onclude some writing methodsThe teacher first presents a writing sample then let the students study the sample cooperatively, encouraging them to find out some regular patterns of a topic-related composition.一、典例學(xué)習(xí)（07山東）閱讀下面的文字，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇120-150詞的短文。    今年，教育部直屬師范大學(xué)將招收一批免費(fèi)師范生，學(xué)生畢業(yè)后須回生源所在省

8、份的中小學(xué)任教十年以上。你愿意成為一名免費(fèi)師范生嗎？請(qǐng)陳述理由。    Suggested answers:    The Education Department of China has announced that some normal universities will accept a group of free teacher majors this year. The free teacher majors must return to their hometown to work in the primary and

9、 middle schools for over 10 years after graduation from the universities.    In our class, nearly all the top students from families now wish to become teacher majors. I myself wish to go to a normal university, not just because of the education free of charge, but also due to my inte

10、rest in teaching. Ive decided to work harder at my lessons in order to make greater contributions to the education cause of our country in the future.    In my opinion, the education free of charge will attract more talented students to normal universities. That, undoubtedly will resu

11、lt in a better future of Chinas education. I think its the best choice to have a free teacher education.Please read the sample above, discuss in groups and answer this question:What does a topic-related composition contain? (You may answer in Chinese.)1.2.3.  【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)應(yīng)該是一種漸進(jìn)性的教學(xué)。一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的

12、老師不能夠直接把寫作任務(wù)布置給學(xué)生然后就讓學(xué)生動(dòng)筆，應(yīng)該在布置寫作任務(wù)前，讓學(xué)生弄明白該怎么寫，對(duì)話題作文先要有個(gè)初步的認(rèn)識(shí)，然后學(xué)生才會(huì)去寫。而典例學(xué)習(xí)顯然就是這樣的一個(gè)步驟。While-writing環(huán)節(jié)三：Reading taskActivity: Reading the following topic passage and obtain useful informationThe students read the topic passage taken from 21st century, discuss in groups and then find out the useful

13、 information.The government of Dongguan city, Guangdong Province announced last week that the city will ban pig farming within the city starting in 2009.    Pig farms have become a major source of pollution in the city, according to Dongguan officials. They claim that the pig farming

14、industry is relatively small and the ban wouldnt impact too many people.    News of this decision quickly gave rise to criticism and debate in the national media. Many argued that the governments reason is not valid. After all, in heavily industrialized Guangdong, farming pollution is

15、 far smaller an environmental problem than industrial pollution. The real reason behind the governments decision, some critics claim, is to use the land for more profitable industrial projects which produce more pollution.    Others agree with the government that pig farms are not the

16、 most efficient use of land in Dongguan. They say that small, badly managed pig farms do produce lots of pollution.    Read the passage above, and answer the following questions.(to save time, you may just underline the answers in the passage above)1.     

17、0; Why will the government of Dongguan ban pig farming?  2.       Some people criticize the governments decision, why (or what are their reasons)?a.b.3.       Some people agree with the governments decision, why (or what are their

18、 reasons)?a.b. 【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)與寫作水平的提高具有相輔相承的關(guān)系。閱讀是信息輸入的主要途徑之一,是寫作的基礎(chǔ)和源泉。然而,在高中中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)程中,閱讀與寫作未能有效地結(jié)合起來(lái),有些教師忽視了閱讀對(duì)寫作的促進(jìn)作用,常常將寫作教學(xué)變成為鞏固和掌握語(yǔ)言形式而進(jìn)行的語(yǔ)言操練,而很少涉及語(yǔ)言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用;或者由教師布置命題作文任由學(xué)生"盡情發(fā)揮"。這種孤立的寫作教學(xué),使學(xué)生寫作時(shí)感到要么無(wú)從下筆,要么力不從心,難以用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行思維和準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。寫作訓(xùn)練是需要合理安排、循序漸進(jìn)的,而閱讀是寫作的前提和基礎(chǔ)。如果沒(méi)有大量的有效閱讀活動(dòng),沒(méi)有一定的閱讀能力,不

19、把英語(yǔ)閱讀材料中的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、篇章知識(shí)、文化知識(shí)等等信息輸入自己的"資料庫(kù)"里并不斷對(duì)其內(nèi)化的話,寫作者是不可能寫出內(nèi)容詳實(shí)感人、意義連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、既符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、又符合英、美文化習(xí)俗的地道的英語(yǔ)作文的。在寫作的第一階段,也就是所謂的采集階段,寫作者的主要采集手段就是閱讀。另外,即便是寫作者在寫作中所使用的各種表達(dá)技巧,也受到了閱讀活動(dòng)的極大影響?？梢哉f(shuō),寫作的過(guò)程是一個(gè)從感性到理性飛躍的過(guò)程,在這個(gè)飛躍過(guò)程中,閱讀是它最有力的支撐點(diǎn)。缺少了閱讀活動(dòng),寫作活動(dòng)便無(wú)法展開。環(huán)節(jié)四：Presenting writng task and analysing (引出寫作任務(wù)并審

20、題)Activity: presenting the writing task and analyse how to write with the studentsThe teacher presents the writing task and then get the students to analyse how to write the composition. Encourage them to discuss in groups and voice their opinions bravely.寫作任務(wù)    What is your opinion?

21、 Do you think the Dongguan government is right to ban pig farming?Please write a composition within 120-150 words according to the passage above.    審題，三定一列：    體裁：議論文（話題作文）    人稱：_ 時(shí)態(tài): _內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：a.       What is the topic？_b.

22、60;      What is my opinion?_c.       The reasons I will give to support my opinion._ 【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】因?yàn)樵搶懽魅蝿?wù)的提出是緊接在閱讀任務(wù)完成之后做出的，所以在讓學(xué)生明確寫作任務(wù)之后應(yīng)該滲透以下活動(dòng)：1）在閱讀材料中尋找與寫作任務(wù)相關(guān)的信息；2）以小組討論的形式交流有關(guān)信息及各自的觀點(diǎn)和看法，進(jìn)一步明確寫作的任務(wù)要求。而審題構(gòu)思是寫作的準(zhǔn)備階段。在構(gòu)思過(guò)程中我們要要做到：1）.明確寫作任務(wù)的主旨

23、及要求；2）.依據(jù)任務(wù)要求理出寫作要點(diǎn)；3）.列提綱使所要寫的內(nèi)容條理化；4）.根據(jù)要點(diǎn)及提綱醞釀、選取書面素材；5）.打腹稿展開構(gòu)思。而為了培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的審題意識(shí)，我們將一般寫作的審題概括為三定一列，即定體裁、定人稱、定時(shí)態(tài)、列內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。這個(gè)階段的各種活動(dòng)要用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行思維，學(xué)生應(yīng)分析寫作任務(wù)，理出要點(diǎn)、提綱，并圍繞主題和要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫出關(guān)鍵詞及短語(yǔ)，為下一步起草作好準(zhǔn)備環(huán)節(jié)五：WritingActivity:The students write the composition   The students begin to write the composition accor

24、ding the information they got from the reading passage and what the teacher analyses with the students. During this process, the students can walk around in the classroom and give some necessary help or guidance to some students.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】在經(jīng)過(guò)典例學(xué)習(xí)、閱讀相關(guān)話題和審題之后，學(xué)生對(duì)如何寫一篇話題作文已經(jīng)胸有成竹，并且通過(guò)閱讀和討論對(duì)于如何拓展該話題和發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)

25、也已經(jīng)非常透徹明白。所以該步驟學(xué)生要做的就是把他們心中的想法、觀點(diǎn)及對(duì)文章的組織、結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言材料等寫出來(lái)。Post-writing環(huán)節(jié)六：Students self-assessmentActivity: The teacher first check their compositions personally and in pairsThe teacher presents some standard for correcting. The students first check by themselves then check in pairs.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】在學(xué)生完成自己的習(xí)作之后，我們

26、肯定要讓學(xué)生首先自我評(píng)判一下自己的習(xí)作。因此，自查修改是一個(gè)再加工的過(guò)程。由于文章是學(xué)生自己的作品，如果教師不進(jìn)行思路引導(dǎo)，很難保證學(xué)生自查的質(zhì)量。因此，一定要讓學(xué)生掌握一份自查的思路清單，熟悉查錯(cuò)的路徑。一般情況下，可從以下六個(gè)方面去進(jìn)行查錯(cuò)修改工作：1.所寫文章的主旨大意是什么，是否切題；2.要點(diǎn)是否寫全，有無(wú)遺漏；3.有無(wú)開頭、結(jié)尾，條理是否清晰，布局是否合理，內(nèi)容是否連貫；4.有無(wú)主謂一致、人稱一致、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、冠詞、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等方面的錯(cuò)誤；5.有無(wú)句型、習(xí)語(yǔ)、固定搭配等方面的錯(cuò)誤；6.有無(wú)單詞拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)方面的錯(cuò)誤。但需要注意的是，我們這里所提的Studentself-as

27、sessment并不是指單個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)行的自我修改評(píng)價(jià)，而是與teacher-assessment相對(duì)應(yīng)的。因此，它還包含了學(xué)生之間的互評(píng)。這是平時(shí)寫作訓(xùn)練中不可缺少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，就是學(xué)生將自己修改后的初稿交給同伴或在同學(xué)中傳閱，由他們提出各自的修改意見，然后再由作者作進(jìn)一步的修改和完善。這一環(huán)節(jié)充分體現(xiàn)了新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所倡導(dǎo)的“合作與交流”的新理念,也是合作學(xué)習(xí)模式在寫作教學(xué)中的實(shí)際運(yùn)用。一方面，學(xué)生在小組中相互傾聽、互幫互助，提高了學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，另一方面，學(xué)生之間的啟發(fā)和交流通常會(huì)采用同齡人比較容易接受的方式，效果往往比教師講解更好。更為重要的是，只有通過(guò)學(xué)生自身的體驗(yàn)和感知，所學(xué)到的知識(shí)才能最終內(nèi)

28、化并提升為能力。教師在這一階段的作用則是組織并安排好雙人活動(dòng)或小組活動(dòng)。環(huán)節(jié)七：Teachers assessment in class and after classActivity: Teacher assesses one or two compositions in classAfter presenting the sample composition, the teacher collects one or two typical compositions, and then enjoy them with all the class on the screen. During t

29、his process, the teacher encourages the students to vocice their opinions to make some alteration to improve the writing. And the teacher collets all the compositons to prepare for assessment next class.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】在學(xué)生自評(píng)和互評(píng)之后，教師應(yīng)該給學(xué)生展示范文。再讓學(xué)生欣賞和學(xué)習(xí)了范文之后。教師應(yīng)該找一或兩篇學(xué)生習(xí)作與全體學(xué)生共同修改潤(rùn)色。在這一過(guò)程中除了繼續(xù)依據(jù)上述的“查改六路徑”審閱之外，還

30、應(yīng)考慮以下體現(xiàn)較高寫作能力的五個(gè)方面：1.主題是否鮮明、突出；2.詞語(yǔ)使用是否得當(dāng)，能否使用更貼切、更高級(jí)的詞匯；3.句子的長(zhǎng)度或結(jié)構(gòu)是否需要增減或改動(dòng)，能否使用更復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)；4.是否有效使用了語(yǔ)言間的連接成分，過(guò)渡是否自然，結(jié)構(gòu)是否清晰；5.語(yǔ)言是否地道、得體。當(dāng)然做完這些還不夠，教師應(yīng)該在課下繼續(xù)批閱學(xué)生的習(xí)作，以便于在下一節(jié)課進(jìn)行作文講評(píng)。環(huán)節(jié)八：AssignmentsRecite the sample compositon.【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過(guò)學(xué)生的具體實(shí)踐后，絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)應(yīng)該都掌握了話題作文的寫法。在此基礎(chǔ)上讓學(xué)生背誦范文?？梢约由顚W(xué)生對(duì)于話題作文的結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言等的深入把握。并適時(shí)將范

31、文與自己的習(xí)作相對(duì)比，在對(duì)比中反思自己的不足之處，借鑒范文中的優(yōu)秀之處，可以對(duì)自己的習(xí)作作進(jìn)一步的改進(jìn)和完善。高三英語(yǔ)試卷講評(píng)導(dǎo)案                                     高三英語(yǔ)組  

32、李振永I. 書面表達(dá)1. Please read and enjoy these beautiful sentences written by ourselves.a. The more we learn, the more we have in store for our future.                          

33、;                   - by Liu Tongchun.b. But once seeing the computer machine, he will be crazy about it all at once.               

34、60;                             - by Liu Shengchuanc. When I invited him to attend a lecture, he refused me saying that he had no mood.     

35、                                        - by Sun Jianjund. We should hold fast to our dreams while y

36、oung rather than lose our goals.                                             

37、60;- by Sun Jianjune. But as soon as he approaches the computer games, he will lose himself in it in no time.                                

38、;              - by Gongxuef. Only study can really bring us interest and happiness as students.                       &

39、#160;                      - by Cui Yixiug. Whats surprising is that he should tell us it isnt interesting at all when we ask him to play football after class.      

40、                                       - by Yang Yekaih. Not only does it do harm to our health, but also it t

41、akes up too much time for our homework.                                           

42、60; - by the teacheri. Theyre wasting the money their parents earned hard. They are ruining their life. They are working up a hopeless future.                          &#

43、160;                   - by the teacher2Please read the directions again. Discuss in pairs and answer: (請(qǐng)?jiān)僮x一遍寫作要求，相互討論并回答)體裁：_      人稱：_時(shí)態(tài)：_      內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：1) _ 

44、;                                      2) _3. 典型錯(cuò)句:1). When we asked he to listen to a lecture, he said he had no m

45、ood.2). Study hard is our duty.3). We must can control ourselves.4). I suggested him to play football.II. 閱讀表達(dá)考情統(tǒng)計(jì) 題號(hào)23正答率較低極低 A. 整體性理解1. What is happiness according to the passage？a. _b. _請(qǐng)據(jù)此解釋第2題。B. 連貫性理解2. What does the underlined “it” in these sentences refer to?It is most decidedly(ce

46、rtainly) not. Pleasure is an end in itself; it is something that is hunted for. _; it is not obvious, but mysterious.請(qǐng)據(jù)此解釋第3題。III. 完形填空考情統(tǒng)計(jì) 題號(hào)及答案2B6B7B10C11A13C14B16B19A正答率%44.229.529.544.24139.347.539.331.1誤選項(xiàng)DCADDAAAD B A整體性理解貫穿本文的兩條主線1. How did the writers attitude toward Michael change

47、?a. When I was told his name, _.b. At last, I told Michael _.2. How did Michael change?a. Before practising football, he had never _ sports and was the _ jokes.b. While practicing, he fell repeatedly, but each time _.c. After hard practice for weeks, Michael could run the mile _, and the team _ than

48、 the victory they had.B. 連貫性理解請(qǐng)解釋說(shuō)明第14題如何應(yīng)用連貫性理解來(lái)選擇答案。（14）“Michael,” I said, “Why dont you just _ the mile?” he said in tears that he wanted to run with the others.C. 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)查詞典，掌握以下短語(yǔ)的意義和用法。(6) talk sb. out of sth./doing sth.   _(7) set ones heart on       

49、     _(10) make it                   _(11) let alone; let down          _(13) keep an eye on; fix ones eyes on   _(16) pick oneself up&

50、#160;            _D. 偶爾語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象1說(shuō)一說(shuō)，以下兩個(gè)句子錯(cuò)在哪里，如何改正，并據(jù)此解釋第2題。a. Im worried about that he could return safely.b. We cant depend on that he could help us.2. 讀下面兩個(gè)句子，體會(huì)while和yet的區(qū)別，并據(jù)此解釋第19題。a. That region has plenty of natural resources while this one

51、 has none.b. The car was old, yet it was in excellent condition.While表_  yet 表_IV 閱讀理解考情統(tǒng)計(jì) 題號(hào)及答案5 D10 A正答率59.01%55.73%誤選項(xiàng)BB Passage AFurther Understanding1. Translate Para4 into Chinese. (把第四段話翻譯成漢語(yǔ))    Anyone who thinks we have outgrown (to change sth. or desert sth. a

52、s we grow) our old fears and fascination for the unknown need only visit a bookstore or tune in to cable television (看看有線電視). Many of these popular books and programs deal with angels, ghosts, lost civilizations, UFOs, doomsday comets and other mysteries._2. Analyze the following sentence and tell us what role it plays in the whole text. （分析第五段這一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，并指出該段在全