考研英語一模擬測評三試卷(關(guān)勝男)

1、 文都考研高端輔導中心2016年考研高端輔導中心英語（一）模擬測評(三)Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 1 the turn of the centur

2、y when jazz（爵士樂）was born, America had no prominent 2 of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 3, or by whom. But it began to be 4 in the early 1900s. Jazz is America's contribution to 5 music. In contrast to classical music, which 6 formal Europ

3、ean traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, 7 moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz 8 like America, 9 it does today.The 10 of this music are as interesting as the music11, American Negroes, or blacks, as

4、 they are called today, were the Jazz 12. They were brought to the Southern states13 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 14. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives 15 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band

5、 often accompanied the 16. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 17 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 18, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 19 music, impro

6、vising（即興表演）on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 20 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of Jazz.1. ABy BAt CIn DOn2. Amusic Bsong Cmelody Dstyle3. Adiscovered Bacted Cinvented Ddesigned4. A noticed B found Clistened Dheard5. Aclassical Bs

7、acred Cpopular Dlight 6. Aforms Bfollows Capproaches D introduces 7. Aexpressing B explaining Cexposing Dillustrating 8. Aappeared Bfelt Cseemed Dsounded 9. Aas Bso Ceither Dneither 10.Aorigins Boriginals Cdiscoveries Dresources 11.Aconcerned Bitself Cavailable Doneself 12.Aplayers Bfollowers Cfans

8、Dpioneers 13.Afor Bas Cwith Dby 14.Amonths Bweeks Chours D times 15.Ademonstrated Bcomposed Chosted Dformed 16.Ademonstration Bprocession Cbody Dmarch 17.A Even BTherefore CFurthermore D But 18.Anumber Bmembers Cbody D relations 19.Asad Bsolemn Chappy Dfuneral 20.Awhistled Bsung C presented DshowedS

9、ection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1 In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a

10、means of solving differences that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respe

11、cts appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violenceas if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all

12、. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but

13、 makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harde

14、r to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and

15、 ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the

16、ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate pea

17、ceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,”the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” I

18、t's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better 

19、;informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.21.  Recorded history has taught us_.Aviolence never solves anythingBnothingCthe bloodshed means nothingDeverything22.  It can be inferred that truly reasonable

20、 men_.Acannot get a hearingBare looked down uponCare persecutedDhave difficulty in advocating law enforcement23.  “He was none the wiser”（Line 6, Para. 4）means_.Ahe was not at all wise in listeningBhe was not at all wiser than nothing beforeChe gains nothing after listeningDhe makes no sense of

21、 the argument24.  According to the author the best way to solve race prejudice is_.Alaw enforcementBknowledgeCnonviolenceDmopping up the violent mess 25.  What is the best title for this passage?AAdvocating ViolenceBViolence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race PrejudiceCImportant People on Bot

22、h Sides See Violence As a Legitimate SolutionDThe Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for ViolenceText 2The modern cult of beauty is a success in so far as more women retain their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. “Old ladies” are already becoming rare. In a few years, we may we

23、ll believe, they will be extinct. White hair and wrinkles, a bent back and hollow cheeks will come to be regarded as medievally old fashioned. The crone of the future will be golden, curly and cherry lipped, and slender. This desirable consummation will be due in part to skin foods and inj

24、ections of paraffin wax, facial surgery, mud baths, and paint, in part to improved health, due in its turn to a more rational mode of life. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease, beauty of health. In so far as the campaign for beauty is also a campaign for more health, it is admirable

25、 and, up to a point, genuinely successful.Beauty that is merely the artificial shadow of these symptoms of health is intrinsically of poorer quality than the genuine article. Still, it is a sufficiently good imitation to be sometimes mistakable for the real thing. The appara

26、tus for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within the reach of every moderately prosperous person; the knowledge of the way in which real health can be achieved is growing, and will in time, no doubt, be universally acted upon. When that happy moment comes, will every woman be be

27、autiful, as beautiful, at any rate, as the natural shape of her features, with or without surgical and chemical aid, permits? The answer is emphatically: no. For real beauty is as much an affair of the inner as of the outer self. The beauty of a porcelain jar is a matter of shape, of colou

28、r, of surface texture. The jar may be empty or tenanted by spiders, full of honey or stinking slimeit makes no difference to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is alive, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of

29、its spiritual contents. I have seen women who, by the standards of a connoisseur of porcelain, were ravishingly lovely. Their shape, their colour, their surface texture were perfect. And yet they were not beautiful. For the lovely vase was either empty or filled with some corruption. Spiritual empti

30、ness or ugliness shows through. And conversely, there is an interior light that can transfigure forms that the pure aesthetician would regard as imperfect or downright ugly.There are numerous forms of psychological ugliness. There is an ugliness of stupidity, for example, of unawarene

31、ss （distressingly common among pretty women）. An ugliness also of greed, of lasciviousness, of avarice. All the deadly sins, indeed, have their own peculiar negation of beauty. On the pretty faces of those especially who are trying to have a continuous “good time”, one sees very often a kind of bore

32、d sullenness that ruins all their charm. I remember in particular two young American girls I once met in North Africa. From the porcelain specialist's point of view, they were extremely beautiful. But a sullen boredom was so deeply stamped into their fresh faces, their gait and gestures expresse

33、d so weary a listlessness that it was unbearable to look at them. These exquisite creatures were positively repulsive.26.  Because of skin foods, paraffin wax, facial surgery, mud baths and paint,_.Awrinkles and hollow cheeks will not be foundBthe desirable consummation will be a

34、chievedCcurly hair will look medievally old-fashionedDthe elderly women will no longer be able to exist27.  In the second paragraph, beauty is talked about as_.Aan artificial shadow of a genuine articleBan apparatus for achieving good healthCthe poor imitation of true inner healthDthe good know

35、ledge of health and disease28.  The example of the porcelain jar illustrates the_.Aimportance of shape, colour and textureBugliness of spiders and stinking slimeCconnection between inner and outer selfDgap between appearance and contents29.  The two American girls offer an example of what

36、the author calls_.AunawarenessBgreedCdeadly sinsDstupidity30. The author probably writes this article to_.Apraise beauty campaign's successBdemonstrate the improved living standardsCsuggest the importance of inner qualitiesDpredict the future of beauty industryText 3 In promising to fuse

37、60;media as diverse as television, telephone communication, video games, music and data-transmission, the era of digital convergence goes better than yesterday's celebrated “information superhighway”. Yet achieving this single technology is far from straightforward. There are curr

38、ently three major television broadcast standards, and they are all incompatible with each another. But this is nothing compared to the many technologies supporting the Internet, each with a different bandwidth and physical media.The problems faced in designing platforms and communication systems tha

39、t will be accepted across the world can appear insuperable. Even once global standards are assured, however, a further obstacle lies in wait. The Internet is plagued by long, erratic response times because it is a pull technology, driven by patterns of user demands. Push technology, on the other han

40、d, reverses the relationship: servers simply send information to passive users, as in television and radio. But if some form of combination between one way television flow and interactive Internet is to be the basis of our future media, it is hard to see how it could be operated. Moreover, the probl

41、em of fusing Internet with television is also one of defining the services offered. Information, entertainment and relaxation appear at first to be quite different needs. Serious doubts remain over whether consumers will be interested in having to make the sort of mental effort associated with compu

42、ting while also settling down in front of a sitcom. Besides the issue of consumer habits, infrastructure costs are set to be immense, and will have to be met by national states or the private sector before being passed on to users.Platforms do not necessarily have to be expensive. The mobile phone i

43、s a good example of how something that is technologically sophisticated can almost be given away, with its cost recovered through service charges. Users are then coerced through clever marketing to upgrade to newer phones with more features to reinforce their dependence. Whatever the outcome, it is

44、obvious that technology will play an increasing part in our everyday lives. Beyond technology, digital convergence embraces the services, industrial practices and social behavior that form modern society. We have in our hands the technology to construct the most sophisticated machines ever built, bu

45、t if they are unusable, simply because of their operating instructions, then recent lessons have taught us they will not survive. Whatever we design must be simple, reliable and useful. Perhaps this is where artificial intelligence will come in.31. By digital convergence, the author means_.Adiversif

46、ication of the communication systemsBseparating entertainment and communicationCintegrating the various means of mediaDstraightforward transmission of data32. According to the text, what is pull technology?AIt is the Internet system affected by long, uncertain response times.BIt is the way of b

47、usiness operation driven by user demands.CIt is the technology to send information to passive users.DIt is a way to blend one-way television with interactive Internet.33.  Why is it difficult to combine television and the Internet?ABecause there are no global standards for the combination.BBeca

48、use the two are operated on different principles of services.CBecause television is uninteractive, while the Internet is interactive.DBecause the combination overlooks the consumers' different needs.34.  As far as the cost for digital convergence is concerned,_.Athe expenses for building th

49、e basic facilities are too immense to be metBthe infrastructures cost should be paid by national statesCthe cost for building a platform can be recovered by collecting service chargesDthe high cost can be covered by effective marketing to attracts more customers35.  What may finally help to ach

50、ieve digital convergence?ADesigning platforms and communication systems with global standards.BWinning recognition from users who have different expectations for different media.CDeveloping a network advanced enough to support the integration of media.DUsing artificial intelligence to design simple,

51、 reliable and useful products.Text 4 About a century ago, the Swedish physical scientist Arrhenius proposed a law of classical chemistry that relates chemical reaction rate to temperature. According to his equation, chemical reactions are increasingly unlikely to occur as temperature approaches abso

52、lute zero, and at absolute zero, reactions stop. However, recent experiment evidence reveals that although the Arrhenius equation is generally accurate in describing the kind of chemical reaction that occurs at relatively high temperature, at temperatures closer to zero a quantum-mechanical

53、0;effect known as tunneling comes into play; this effect accounts for chemical reactions that are forbidden by the principles of classical chemistry. Specifically, entire molecules can tunnel through the barriers of repulsive forces from other molecules and chemically react

54、even though these molecules do not have sufficient energy, according to classical chemistry, to overcome the repulsive barrier.The rate of any chemical reaction, regardless of the temperature at which it takes place, usually depends on a very important characteristic known as its activation energy.

55、Any molecule can be imagined to reside at the bottom of a so-called potential well of energy. A chemical reaction corresponds to the transition of a molecule from the bottom of one potential well to the bottom of another. In classical chemistry, such a transition can be accomplished only by going ov

56、er the potential barrier between the wells, the height of which remains constant and is called the activation energy of the reaction. In tunneling, the reacting molecules tunnel from the bottom of one to the bottom of another well without having to rise over the barrier between the two wells. Recent

57、ly researchers have developed the concept of tunneling temperature: the temperature below which tunneling transitions greatly outnumber Arrhenius transitions, and classical mechanics gives way to its quantum counterpart.This tunneling phenomenon at very low temperatures suggested my hypothesis about a cold prehistory of life: formation of rather complex organic molecules in the deep cold of outer space, where temperatures usually reach only a