初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

1、1aloud adv出聲地(使別人能聽(tīng)得到)Reading aloud is a good way in leaning English朗讀是學(xué)英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)好方法。 loud adj. 大聲的，聲音洪亮的，loudlouderloudest He talked in a loud voice so that everyone could hear him 他說(shuō)話聲音很大以便于每個(gè)人都能聽(tīng)得到他。 adv. loudlouderloudestDont talk so loudThe kids are reading說(shuō)話小聲些，孩子們正在看書(shū)。(Speak)louder，please!請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)高一些!

2、 loudly adv吵吵鬧鬧地，噪聲地I heard someone knocked loudly at the door我聽(tīng)到有人在使勁敲門(mén)。They are talking loudly in the next room他們?cè)诟舯谡f(shuō)話聲很大。 2voice n噪音，鳥(niǎo)鳴聲She has a sweet voice她聲音很甜美。She raised her voice so that she could be heard 她提高了嗓音隊(duì)便于別人能聽(tīng)清楚。 He lost his voiceHe had no voice because of the cough 因?yàn)榭人裕暳恕?noi

3、se n噪音，吵鬧Dont make so much noise別弄出那么大的噪音。I heard a strange noise outside我聽(tīng)到外邊奇怪的聲音。 sound n(自然界中的)聲音，響聲Sound travels slower than light聲音的傳播比光慢。 3memory n(計(jì)算機(jī)的)儲(chǔ)存器 A lot of information is stored in the memory 計(jì)算機(jī)的儲(chǔ)存器能儲(chǔ)存很多信息。 n記憶力 He has a poor memory after the car accident 車禍后他的記憶力很差了。 n. 回憶，懷念 I ha

4、ve a pleasant memory of my childhood 我對(duì)童年有美好的回憶。 memorizememorise vt. 記住，背過(guò) He can memorize new words very quickly他能很快記住很多單詞。 4. frustrate vt使失望，使沮喪The serious illness frustrated his dream for college他上大學(xué)的夢(mèng)想遭受挫折。frustrating adj. 令人失望的What he said is frustrating. 他所說(shuō)的話很令人失望。She finds it frustrating t

5、o watch English movies她覺(jué)得看英語(yǔ)電影很令人失望(因?yàn)榭床欢?。frustrated adj. 失望的，沮喪的He was frustrated when he failed again in the test 當(dāng)他再次考試沒(méi)及格后，他很失望。 5add vt. 增加，加She tasted the soup and added more salt她嘗了嘗湯，又加了些鹽。add to 增添His coming added to our trouble他的到來(lái)給我們添了很多麻煩。add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)，加起來(lái) The number of the students in

6、our class adds up to 55 我們班上學(xué)生的數(shù)目加起來(lái)是55人。 vt. 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，又說(shuō) He said goodbye to us and added that he would visit us again 他和我們說(shuō)了再見(jiàn)，又說(shuō)他會(huì)再來(lái)看我們的。 6. excite vt使興奮 The news that our team had won excited everybody 我們隊(duì)贏了的消息令所有的人很激動(dòng)。 exciting adj令人興奮的The soccer game is exciting那場(chǎng)足球賽很令人激動(dòng)。 excited adv. 興奮的，激動(dòng)的 We we

7、re very excited at the news當(dāng)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息，我們很激動(dòng)。 7speak(speakspokespoken)說(shuō)(語(yǔ)言)，講話Can you speak French?你會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)嗎?Do you know who will speak at the meeting?你知道誰(shuí)要在會(huì)上發(fā)言? talk towith sb 與某人談話，talk aboutof sthsb談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?He was talking towith his friend whom I called him 當(dāng)我給他打電話時(shí)，他正在和他的朋友談話。What are you talking about

8、?你們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么? say 說(shuō)(后接說(shuō)的內(nèi)容)What did he say at the meeting?他在會(huì)上說(shuō)了什么?She said she would be back the next week她說(shuō)下周回來(lái)。 tell 告訴 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事(接雙賓語(yǔ))Who told you the news?是誰(shuí)告訴你的那個(gè)消息? 講，說(shuō) tell stories講故事，tell a lie撒謊，tell the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話 Grandma used to tell stories to me when 1 was young 我小的時(shí)候，奶奶經(jīng)常給我講故事。 Dont

9、 believe him! He is telling a tie 別信他!他在撒謊。 To tell you the truth，I dont quite agree with you 老實(shí)說(shuō)，我不太同意你的意見(jiàn)。 8complete vt使完全，使完整，(圓滿完成) Shes trying to complete collection of the CDs 他試圖收齊那套CD。 adj. 巧完整的，完全的 Can you make complete sentences? 你會(huì)造完整的句子嗎? He is a complete stranger to me 他對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)完全是陌生的。 9sec

10、ret n秘密 Its a secret between you and me，so dont tell it to others 那時(shí)我們之間的秘密，所以不要告訴別人。 adj. 秘密的Lets keep it secret from others咱們不讓別人知道此事。Let the cat out of the bag= Let out the secret泄露秘密。 10impress vt使感動(dòng)，給深刻印象 What he did impressed everybody present 他的事跡給在場(chǎng)的人留下了深刻的印象。 The beautiful sights of the cou

11、ntry impressed all of us 那個(gè)國(guó)家的美景打動(dòng)了我們所有的人。 、 impressed adj. (被)感動(dòng)的We were impressed by what he did我們被他的話所感動(dòng)。 11. native n. 當(dāng)?shù)厝耍緡?guó)人 When we were on vacation in Brazil，we lived like the natives 我們?cè)诎臀鞫燃贂r(shí)，就像當(dāng)?shù)厝四菢由?。The kangaroo is a native of Australia袋鼠是產(chǎn)于澳洲的動(dòng)物。 native speaker 生來(lái)就說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言的人 He speaks Engl

12、ish so well that we all think he is a native speaker· 他的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得太好了，我們都認(rèn)為他是個(gè)本地人。 native language 母語(yǔ) Marx was born in Germany，and German was his native language 馬克思出生在德國(guó)，法語(yǔ)是他的母語(yǔ)。 Important phrases(重點(diǎn)詞組) 1listen to cassettes 聽(tīng)磁帶 2first of all 首先 3workstudy with a group 和小組一起學(xué)習(xí) 4watch English language

13、 TV 看英語(yǔ)電視 5spoken English 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ) 6writing practice 寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練 7join an English club 加入英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部 8later on 以后；隨后 9look up words(in a dictionary) 查字典 10native speakers 生來(lái)就說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言的人 11not at aIl 根本不；一點(diǎn)也不 12end up 結(jié)束 13. ask the teacher for help 求助于老師 14make up 組成；編造 15enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事 16take notes 做筆記 17make mi

14、stakes 犯錯(cuò)誤 1 8make flashcards 制作認(rèn)讀卡片 19read aloud 朗讀 20. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困難 Important sentences(重點(diǎn)句子) 1. How do you study for a test?你怎樣準(zhǔn)備考試? study for a test prepare for a test 準(zhǔn)備考試 What were you doing when I called last night? 一I was studying for the math test 一 昨天晚上我打電話時(shí)你在干什么?一 我在

15、準(zhǔn)備數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)驗(yàn)。 2. I study for an English test by listening to cassettes. 我聽(tīng)錄音準(zhǔn)備英語(yǔ)測(cè)驗(yàn)。 by 靠，用(方法，手段等)，后接動(dòng)名詞(doing)He makes a living by repairing bikes他靠修車為生。 listen vi后加to再接名詞。 My sister was listening to music when I got home 當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，姐姐正在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 Listen! Someone is knocking at the door聽(tīng)!有人在敲門(mén)。 3He studies by askin

16、g the teacher for help他靠求助于老師來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。 ask sb for help求助于某人 You can ask me for help if you have trouble Thank you1 will 如果你有麻煩，你可以求助于我。一 謝謝。我會(huì)的。 4Do you ever practice conversations with friends? 你曾經(jīng)和朋友練習(xí)過(guò)會(huì)話嗎? ever adv. 用于疑問(wèn)句和否定旬中，“曾經(jīng)”Do you ever worry that you11 fail a test?你擔(dān)心考試會(huì)不及格嗎? practice vt(Am.E)

17、practice (Br.E) 練習(xí)在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中practice既可作名詞又作動(dòng)詞；但在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中practice為名詞；practise為動(dòng)詞。 5. What about listening to cassettes?聽(tīng)錄音怎么樣? what about + ndoing? how about + nprondoing。例如： WhatHow about going to the movies tonight?今晚去看電影怎么樣? 6. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 靠朗讀來(lái)練習(xí)發(fā)音怎么樣? read al

18、oud 朗讀 Reading aloud is very helpful in leaning English朗讀在學(xué)英語(yǔ)中很有幫助。 7Ive learned a lot that way 我那樣學(xué)到了很多。 a lot 代表一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Though he is young，he knows a lot他雖然很小，但他知道很多。 that way相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞，way用于which，this，that之后，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，“那樣”。如： Dont talk to your parents that way別那樣和父母說(shuō)話。 8It improves my speaking skills它

19、能提高我的口語(yǔ)技巧。 Improve vt. 改進(jìn)，改善，提高 His work is improving slowly他的工作在慢慢改進(jìn)。 Her pronunciation has greatly improved他的發(fā)音大大提高了。 speaking skill 口語(yǔ)技巧 listening skill 聽(tīng)力技巧writing skill 寫(xiě)作技巧 reading skill 閱讀技巧 9. Its too hard to understand to voices聽(tīng)懂不同的聲音很困難。 too + adj.adv. + to do “太而不能”。又如： He is too young t

20、o go to school他太小，不能上學(xué)。 She runs too slow to catch up with me她跑得太慢追不上我。 10This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more English本周我們問(wèn)新星中學(xué)學(xué)生關(guān)于多學(xué)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)的最好方法。 ask sb about sth 詢問(wèn)某人關(guān)于的情況 Ask her about the pen that you lostShe may have found it 問(wèn)問(wèn)她你丟的鋼筆，也許她撿到了。 the bes

21、t ways to do sth = the best ways of doing sth 做的好辦法 Who can tell me the best way of memorizingto memorize new words? 誰(shuí)能告訴我記單詞的最好辦法是什么? 11. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little 她說(shuō)記流行歌曲的歌詞也有點(diǎn)幫助。 that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中memorizing the words of pop songs為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。例如：Teaching E

22、nglish is my job教英語(yǔ)是我的工作。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health做早操對(duì)你的身體有好處。 a little有點(diǎn)，代表不可數(shù)名詞，其反義詞為a lot。一Would you like some sugar in your coffee?你的咖啡里想加糖嗎?一Yesjust a little好，要一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。 12Hes been learning English for six years and really loves it 他學(xué)英語(yǔ)有六年了，并且很喜歡它。 “hashave been doing sth”現(xiàn)在完成

23、進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還要進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。又如：She has been learning English for 5 years她學(xué)英語(yǔ)有五年了。 He has been reading for 2 hours and hasnt finished it yet他看書(shū)有兩個(gè)小時(shí)了，但還沒(méi)有完成。 13. He finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly他發(fā)現(xiàn)看英語(yǔ)電影很令人失望，因?yàn)槿藗冋f(shuō)話太快。 動(dòng)名詞watching movies在此句中作賓語(yǔ)，又如： I like pl

24、aying basketball我喜歡打籃球。 frustrating為現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)形容詞作用，在句中作賓語(yǔ)watching movies的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 find sbsth + n.adj.doing “發(fā)現(xiàn)某人”，后面的“n.adj.doing”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。又如：I find him a hard-working student我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個(gè)勤奮的學(xué)生。I find physics difficult to learn我發(fā)現(xiàn)物理很難學(xué)。 When she got home，she found him lying in the bed，i11當(dāng)她到家時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在床上病了。 14She a

25、dded that having conversations with friends wasnt helpful at a11 她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)和朋友練習(xí)會(huì)話一點(diǎn)幫助都沒(méi)有。 having conversations with friends為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，要特別注意，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，不要與friends一致。例如： Taking care of the little kids is her job照看孩子們是她的工作。 notat all 一點(diǎn)也不，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，又如： I dont agree with him at a11我一點(diǎn)也不同意他的意見(jiàn)。 15.

26、 We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese 我們會(huì)因?yàn)槟臣伦兊煤芗?dòng)，最后用漢語(yǔ)來(lái)描述。 end up達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)或采取某種行動(dòng)，又如： At first he said nothing but he ended up apologizing 一開(kāi)始，他什么也不說(shuō)，到頭來(lái)還是道了歉。 161m doing a survey about learning EnglishCan l ask you some questions?我正在就關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)作調(diào)查。我能問(wèn)你幾個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎? do a survey ab

27、out sthdoing sth 關(guān)于作調(diào)查 Last week，we did a survey about surfing the Internet 上周，我們就網(wǎng)上沖浪作了個(gè)調(diào)查。 some用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，表示希望得到肯定回答，如果只是詢問(wèn)信息，可以用any代替some用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。又如： Could you please lend me some money? 你能借給我些錢(qián)嗎? (希望得到肯定回答) Did you buy her any gifts? 你給她買禮物了嗎?(詢問(wèn)信息) 171 often keep an English notebook我經(jīng)常記英語(yǔ)筆記。 keep

28、 vt. 記錄(某事)，在某物上做書(shū)面記載 She kept a diary for over twenty years她寫(xiě)日記有20多年了。 I have the habit of keeping notes我有記筆記的習(xí)慣。 18I cant pronounce some of the words有一些單詞我不會(huì)發(fā)音。 somemanyallmostnonefewof the + 名詞 Most of the students love reading多數(shù)學(xué)生喜歡看書(shū)。 191 make mistakes in grammar我在語(yǔ)法方面老犯錯(cuò)誤。 make a mistakemake m

29、istakes 犯錯(cuò)誤 Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English 當(dāng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)不要怕犯錯(cuò)誤。 by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake? 你知道炸薯片是被錯(cuò)誤發(fā)明的嗎? 20I dont know how to use commas我不知道怎樣使用逗號(hào)。 此句的賓語(yǔ)是由疑問(wèn)詞how加不定式to use commas構(gòu)成的，這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，它可以改為一個(gè)復(fù)合句。例如： I dont know how I should use comm

30、as I dont know what to do I donL know what I should do 我不知道該做什么。 Can you tell mc when to start? = Can you tell me when I should start? 你能告訴我何時(shí)出發(fā)嗎? 21Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English?你為什么不加入一個(gè)英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)郝來(lái)練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)昵? Why dont you do? = Why not do? 表示建議，意為“為什么不?”，又如： Why do

31、nt youWhy not go to school by bike when theres heavy traffic? 當(dāng)交通很擁堵時(shí)，你為什么不騎白行車上學(xué)呢? join加入某組織成為其中的成員，take part in參加某種活動(dòng)，attend參加會(huì)議，報(bào)告，演講等。例如： His father joined the Party in 1976 他爸爸是1976年入的黨。 People often take part in sports after work 工作之余人們經(jīng)常參加體育活動(dòng)。 I attended an important meeting yesterday昨天我參加了一

32、個(gè)會(huì)。 22. l dont have a partner to practice English with 我沒(méi)有同伴一起練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 此處的不定式to practice English with作定語(yǔ)，修飾a partner。又如：The teacher has something to say老師有話要說(shuō)。He has no room to live in他沒(méi)有房子住。 23First of all，it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class 起初，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)聽(tīng)懂老師在班里講話都不是件

33、容易的事。 first of all 最初，首先 First of all she just smiled，then she started to laugh 最初她只是笑，后來(lái)才放聲大笑。 It iswas + adj. + for sb to do (句式)對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事 例如： It is difficult for me to learn physics well對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好物理很難。 It is important to learn English.學(xué)英語(yǔ)很重要。 24To begin with，she spoke too quickly，and l could not under

34、stand every word.一開(kāi)始，她說(shuō)得太快了，我不能聽(tīng)懂所有的話。 to begin with = to start with 首先，一開(kāi)始，第一 To begin with he had no money，but later he became quite rich 他起初沒(méi)錢(qián)，可是后來(lái)相當(dāng)富有了。 notevery + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) = not all + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示部分否定“并非所有的”又如： You dont have to remember every word 你沒(méi)必要記住所有的字。 Not all the students live far away from sch

35、ool 不是所有的學(xué)生都住得離學(xué)校遠(yuǎn)。 25Later on，I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word后來(lái)，我意識(shí)到如果有些詞聽(tīng)不懂沒(méi)關(guān)系。 later on 后來(lái)，以后 At first things went well，but later on they ran into trouble 起初事情進(jìn)展地很順利，但后來(lái)他們遇到了麻煩。 realize vt. 意識(shí)到，認(rèn)識(shí)到(有一個(gè)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)的過(guò)程)，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： One day youll realize that you are w

36、rong 總有一天你會(huì)意識(shí)到你錯(cuò)了。 that引導(dǎo)的是realize的賓語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中又出現(xiàn)了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從旬。例如： It doesnt matter ff you cant drive a car 如果你不會(huì)開(kāi)車沒(méi)關(guān)系。 26Also l was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me。 我還害怕在班里發(fā)言，因?yàn)槲遗峦瑢W(xué)會(huì)嘲笑我。 be afraid of sthto doof doing sth 害怕不敢恐怕做某事 I used to be afraid of th

37、e dark我過(guò)去常常怕黑。 Shes afraid to goof going out alone at night 她害怕夜晚獨(dú)自出去。 might 表示可能性 He might know her telephone number，but Im not sure 他可能知道她的電話號(hào)碼，但我不確定。 laugh at sb 嘲笑 Its bad manners to laugh at people in trouble嘲笑陷入困境的人不禮貌。 27. 1 think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner 我認(rèn)為做大量的聽(tīng)力練習(xí)是成為一名好的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者的秘訣之一。 doing lots of listening practice 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。 one of the secrets of doing sth