定語從句(完整版限制性定語從句)

1、整理課件1Grammar整理課件2說明說明本章內(nèi)容可用兩種學習方法。本章內(nèi)容可用兩種學習方法。1.學習時鼠標點擊空白處學習。學習時鼠標點擊空白處學習。2.可用點擊圖標學習，例如，可點擊可用點擊圖標學習，例如，可點擊 來進行學習。來進行學習。3.圖標圖標 是供奧班學生或有能力的學生學習。是供奧班學生或有能力的學生學習。整理課件3Attributive clause (限制性定語從句限制性定語從句) 先行詞和關系詞先行詞和關系詞定語從句定語從句 關系代詞如何引導定語從句關系代詞如何引導定語從句 關系代詞的使用方法關系代詞的使用方法 定語從句中需注意事項定語從句中需注意事項 附加部分附加部分習題習題

2、整理課件4 定語定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞分詞、不定式不定式、介詞短語介詞短語等來擔任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定語從句定語從句 在英語中，修飾名詞名詞或代詞代詞的句子句子叫定語從句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.整理課件5先行詞和關系詞先行詞和關系詞q先行詞：被定語從句修

3、飾的詞叫先行詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。q關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。q先行詞、關系詞先行詞、關系詞/引導詞引導詞對等對等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行詞先行詞關系詞關系詞 bikeq關系詞的作用：既引導定語從句，又在定關系詞的作用：既引導定語從句，又在定 語從句中充當某種成分。語從句中充當某種成分。整理課件6關系代詞如何引導定語從句關系代詞如何引導定語從句q普通代詞與關系代詞的區(qū)別普通代詞與關系代詞的區(qū)別I have a sister.She works in S

4、hanghai. 代替 sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q普通代詞普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例只起代替的作用（如上例she)q關系代詞關系代詞： （如上例（如上例who/which） 1. 除了除了代替代替先行詞外，先行詞外，2.它還在定語從句中它還在定語從句中擔任擔任一定的一定的成分成分，3. 同時同時連接連接先行詞與它引導的定語從句。先行詞與它引導的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來）（把主句和從句連起來）整理課件7 說明如下說明如下vThe building is our school.+The building sta

5、nds by the river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞先行詞 關系詞關系詞 從句從句 which、that 是關系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞是關系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the building, 同時擔任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接同時擔任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接 起來。起來。v 關系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關系非常密切，因為關系代詞在關系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關系非常密切，因為關系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般

6、情況下都跟在先行詞之后，定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句主句) The woman is my mother(從句從句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.主語是單數(shù)整理課件8 The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句主句)T

7、he women are famous scientists. (從句從句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主語是復數(shù) 關系詞關系詞判判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 :v 首先，要辨別出先行詞。首先，要辨別出先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人如果先行詞是指人,關系詞可能就用關系詞可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物如果先行詞指物,關系詞可能用關系詞可能用which或或thatv 然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞 主格 賓格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),that whose

8、 物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of whichv 最后，要確定關系代詞的人稱和數(shù)最后，要確定關系代詞的人稱和數(shù)(請看以上例句請看以上例句)整理課件9v注意注意q 定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(敘述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時敘述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時) (從句從句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yester

9、day表示過去時間表示過去時間)v定語從句的辨認（定語從句的辨認（思考步驟）思考步驟） 找出先行詞找出先行詞 a.確定在從句中關系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。確定在從句中關系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。 b.確定定語從句的位置確定定語從句的位置 確定關系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關系代詞的格確定關系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關系代詞的格 確定從句的時態(tài)確定從句的時態(tài) （定語從句的時態(tài)都不受主句的限制）（定語從句的時態(tài)都不受主句的限制）整理課件10關系代詞的使用方法關系代詞的使用方法定語從句常用的關系代詞有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 that多指物，在從句中作主語或作動詞的賓語。（tha

10、t/which作賓語時可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found th

11、e bike 省略 you lost? 整理課件11 2. which 指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略;作賓語可以省略。 ( which 與that 指物時可以互相代替，that 更常見。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was ver

12、y wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful. 3. who 指人(既它的先行詞必須是人),在從句中作主語或賓語。但whom 是賓格,只能作賓語。(that有時也指人.代替who,whom,可作主語或賓語) 1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.整理課件12 2) He knew the

13、 teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.4.whose 是代詞的所有格形式是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。q I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.qIll call a person. His father knows you. Ill call a per

14、son whose father knows you.qPlease show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.整理課件131)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the gir

15、l with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意: 固定動介詞組不可分割固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前介詞不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at v關系代詞與介詞關系代詞與介詞 介詞放在關系代詞的前面時介詞放在關系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用介詞賓語只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人代人。(介詞在末尾時介詞在末尾時,關系詞可以省略關系詞可以省略)整理課件14 3 )The room (that) I l

16、ive in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.

17、Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.整理課件15 定語從句中需注意事項定語從句中需注意事項v 有些情況下只用關系詞有些情況下只用關系詞that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級形容詞最高級或或序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞修飾時修飾時,只能用只

18、能用that引導從句引導從句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行詞是先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything不定代詞不定代詞時時,只能用只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行詞既有先行詞既有

19、人人也有也有物物時時,只能用只能用that引出從句引出從句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.整理課件164.先行詞是先行詞是one of,the one, 或用或用little,few, no, all,any 作修飾，用作修飾，用that Is it the one that you want ?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.當當主句主句已有已有疑問詞疑問詞 who或或which時，關系詞用時，關系詞用that Which is the bike

20、 that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v從例句中看出，從例句中看出，who、that在許多情況下可以在許多情況下可以通用通用，但，但有時宜用有時宜用 用用who,而而不用不用that1.先行詞是先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時，關系詞使用時，關系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the

21、truth. 2.在在there be 句型中，先行詞指人句型中，先行詞指人,關系詞用關系詞用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.整理課件17附加部分附加部分 關系副詞關系副詞 關系副詞關系副詞是用來引導定語從句的，它和關系代詞一樣，具有是用來引導定語從句的，它和關系代詞一樣，具有 數(shù)種作用。數(shù)種作用。o 在從句中代替先行詞。在從句中代替先行詞。o在句中在句中作狀語作狀語。o連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的復合句。連接作用，把兩個句子連接

22、成為一個帶有定語從句的復合句。 關系副詞關系副詞有有三種三種： where:在從句中作在從句中作地點狀語地點狀語,指代地點指代地點. ( on/in/atwhich) when: 在從句中作在從句中作時間狀語時間狀語,指代時間。指代時間。(on/ inwhich) why: 在從句中作在從句中作原因狀語原因狀語,指代原因。指代原因。 整理課件18關系副詞的用法：關系副詞的用法： 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行詞應是地點名詞）先行詞應是地點名詞） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt cle

23、an. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 關系詞略關系詞略we stayed at wasnt clean . at the hotel. We stayedthere.先行詞先行詞關系詞關系詞從句從句從句從句共有五個共有五個不同的句不同的句子來表達。子來表達。整理課件192.when的用法：的用法： （先行詞應是表示時間的名詞）先行詞應是表示時間的名詞） Ill never forget the day. + I joined the Lea

24、gue on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口語口語) Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.從從句句3.why的用法：的用法： ( 表示原因的名詞表示原因的名詞) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im callin

25、g you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party 略 在口語中,關系副詞where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。 整理課件20 Exerc sesI.Rewrite the sentencesII.Choose the best answersIII.TranslateI.把下列單句合并成含有定語從句的復合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.2.

26、The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now.5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yeste

27、rday.7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.Where is the man who talked with you just now?The

28、 watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice. The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interesting. The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher整理課件228. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. 9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My

29、Cheese” 10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.13.The children are very healthy. She is looking after them.14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.The letter(that/which

30、) I received yesterday is from my friend. Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese” He works in a school near which there is a big store .This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year.This is the room in which /where we lived last year.The children (who/that)she is looking after the

31、m are very healthy.I know the boy who/that can speak English wellHe used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees整理課件2315.The season is summer.It comes after spring.16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.Yo

32、u are looking for him.19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?The season which comes after spring is summer.The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American.The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.I cant find the house (which /that) m

33、y friend lives in.I cant find the house in which /where my friend lives.I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for.This is the town (which/that) he was born in.This is the town in which/where he was born.Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on?Do you remember the day on which

34、 we arrived here?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?整理課件24II.單項選擇。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.

35、we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.which6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. T

36、he robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D/10.The man_is smoking is a tailor.

37、 A.whom B.who C.which D.what _ACBDBCCAAB整理課件2511Which animal is your favourite? The one _has a long neck. A.which B.that C.it D.who12.Is this the factory _produces colour TV sets? A.what B./C.which D.where13.The high building _is a big hotel. A.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looki

38、ng at D.at that we are looking14Is there anyone _ can answer this question? A.which B.whom C.who D.he15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here. A.which B.where C.it D./16.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot. A.that B.which C.for that D.by which17.The computer _can s

39、tore a lot of information is widely used today. A.in which B.that C.with which D.where18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one19.Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _ran after each other on the road. A.who B.which C.that D.as20.Shanghai is the place in _

40、he was born. A.which B.what C.whose D.thatBCCCADBACA整理課件2621.Do you know the man _is painting the house? Of course.Hes my uncle. A. whom B.who C.which D.whose22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon. A.where B.which C.who D./23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot. A.who B.that C.its D

41、.whose24.The hospital _his father works in is a new one. A.that B.in that C.in which D.where26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police. A.his B.who C.whos D.whose27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found. A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cove

42、r is broken ？ A.which B.that C.who D.whose 29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked ？ A.who B.whom C.that D.whose30.This is the book_Im looking for. A./ B.which C.that D.all the aboveBBDADBDBD整理課件2731This is the only book _I bought last year. A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B32.All_Im going to

43、do is good. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital. A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which34.This is the best book_I have read. A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B35.This is the school_ I worked seven years ago. A.in which B.in that C.which D. that36.All the

44、 books_I put on the desk are yours. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth. A.which B.the one C that D. the one what38.Is this the river_I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which D.the one39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street. A. which B. tha

45、t C .who D.they40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day? A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it BAAAAABCBA整理課件2841.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago. A.where B.which C.what D.in which42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A.whose B.which C which of D.its43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson. A.when B.that C.what D.as45.I dont think the number of people_ this happens