（整理版高中英語）科普類

1、科普類考題1)(nmet 典型例題 in 1901,h.g.wells, an english writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. when the explorers (探險者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of un- derground cities. they expressed their surprise to the "moon people" they met. in turn, the "mo

2、on people" expressed their surprise. "why," they asked, "are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?"h.g.wells could only imagine travel to the moon. in 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. people today know that there are no und

3、erground cities on the moon. however, the question that the "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. a growing number of scien- tists are seriously thinking about it.underground systems are already in place. many cities have underground car parks. in some cities, such as tokyo, seo

4、ul and montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. the "channel", a tunnel (隧道) connecting england and france, is now complete.but what about underground cities? japan's taisei corporation is designing a network of un- derground systems, called "alice cities". the d

5、esigners imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. a solar dome (太陽能穹頂) would cover the whole city. supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space.

6、 the surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gar- dens, and wilderness. h.g. wells' "moon people" would agree. would you? 1. the explorers in h.g.wells' story were surprised to find that the "moon people" . a. knew so much about the earth b. understood their lang

7、uage c. lived in so many underground cities d. were ahead of them in space technology 2. what does the underlined word "it" (paragraph 2) refer to? a. discovering the moon's inner space. b. using the earth's inner space. c. meeting the "moon people" again. d. traveling to

8、 outer space. 3. what sort of underground systems are already here with us? a. offices, shopping areas, power stations. b. tunnels, car parks, shopping areas. c. gardens, car parks, power stations. d. tunnels, gardens, offices. 4. what would be the best title for the text? a. alice cities-cities of

9、the future. b. space travel with h.g.wells. c. enjoy living underground. d. building down, not up.解析1c此題考查考生對事實細(xì)節(jié)的判斷能力。文中第一段when the explorer landcd on the moon， theythey expressedto the moon peoplc they met， 2b此題測試考生根據(jù)上下文信息推斷代詞含義的能力。解這道題首先要搞清楚it指代文章第一段中“moon people問explorers的問題：why are you travelin

10、g to outer space whenyoudon't even use your inner space?然后根據(jù)問題的內(nèi)容判斷出正確答案為b項。 3b這是一個細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章的第三段中是這樣描述的：many cities have undergroundcarparks直至段尾，提供了相關(guān)信息，由此推斷出正確答案為b項。 4d此題考查考生在理解全文的根底上對文章主旨的概括能力。本文描寫的是“moon people遇到explorers所問的問題引發(fā)人們的思考：why not use our inner space?以及人們已開始這方面的探索、實踐，故d項building dow

11、n，not up最為貼切地概括了人們一開始的想法(up)以及現(xiàn)在的觀點(down)。考題2(nmet 典型例題 london (reuters)organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. that is what gabriel gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. if this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to bu

12、y organic food. "organic produce is always better," gold said. "the food is free of pesticides (農(nóng)藥), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. and more often than not it is lo cally (本地) grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty." gold is one of a growin

13、g number of shop- pers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. but how many shoppers really know what they are get- ting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? market research

14、 shows that gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. for example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. and about three quarters of organic food in britain is not local

15、 but imported (進(jìn)口) to meet growing demand. "the demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market," said sue flock, a specialist in this line of business.1. more and more people in britain are buying organic food because . a. they are

16、getting richer b. they can get the food anywhere c. they consider the food free of pollution d. they like home-grown fruit 2. which of the following statements is true to the facts about most organic products sold in britain? a. it grows indoors all year round. b. it is produced outside britain. c.

17、it is grown on family farms. d. it is produced on large farms. 3. what is the meaning of "the organic trend" as the words are used in the text? a. growing interest in organic food. b. better quality of organic food. c. rising market for organic food. d. higher prices of organic food. 4. wh

18、at is the best title for this news story? a. organic food-healthy, or just for the wealthy? b. the making of organic food in britain. c. organic food-to import or not? d. good qualities of organic food.解析 1c此題考查考生根據(jù)文中信息進(jìn)行分析推理的能力。文中第二段中g(shù)old said，“thefood is free of pesticides，由此可以看出c項是正確的。a項they are

19、getting richer中richer的說法是不正確的。文中第一段提到的delivered right to the door step是一種方式，atthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood是另一種方式，但并非隨處可以買到，故b項中anywhere的說法沒有依據(jù)。d項中的fruit不夠全面，因為文中屢次出現(xiàn)food，而不僅僅是 fruit。2b此題考查考生綜合信息推理判斷的能力。文中沒有信息支持a項中indoors的說法。文中提到四分之三的“綠色食品是imported(進(jìn)口的)，由此得出結(jié)論：b項是正確的。c項的說法是一些人的不正確的看法，因為文章的第二段中but t

20、heir knowledge of organic food is far from complete說明了局部人的觀點是片面的、不全面的。文章中也沒有提供信息說明organic food are produced on large farms。3a此題主要檢測考生是否能夠根據(jù)特定語境猜想詞語的能力。四個選項分別涉及：a項的growing interest是指人們對“綠色食品越來越感興趣，形成一種潮流。b項的better quality of organic food與buy into前后搭配在一起是不妥的，如換用buying for thebetter qualityoforganicfoo

21、d較好；c項的risingmarket“不斷擴(kuò)大的市場是“消費人群增長的 結(jié)果，而非原因；d項的higherprice，“綠色食品的消費群不斷增長不可能是因為“越來越高的價格。4a此題考查考生在理解全文的根底上對文章主旨的概括能力。本段新聞報道主要介紹人們對綠色食品的越來越大的興趣。一方面它是free of pesticides，即healthy；一方面價格比擬高，故a項中兩種信息都涉及了，為最正確選項。b項中“在英國的綠色食品生產(chǎn)，在文中沒有作詳細(xì)介紹，不是重點。c項的import(進(jìn)口)與否也不是人們關(guān)注的焦點。文章也沒有對綠色食品的優(yōu)點作具體的介紹，故也不恰當(dāng)?？碱}3(典型例題，c) l

22、aptop (便攜式) computers are popular all over the world. people use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. these laptops connect people to their workplace. in the united states today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms. westlake college in virginia will start a laptop comp

23、uter program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. the laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at westlake, a ll0- year-old college. the students with laptops will also have access to t

24、he internet. in addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. however, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. they can work with it at hom

25、e, in a fast-food restaurant or under the treesanywhere at all!because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. as laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. in addition, the portable

26、 computers can connect students to not only the intemet, but also libraries and other resources. state higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. state officials also are testing laptop programs at other universities, too.at westlake college, more than 60 percent of the s

27、taff use computers. the laptops will al- low all teachers to use computers in their lessons. as one westlake teacher said, "here we are in the middle of virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. they can see everything and do everything."1. the main purpose of the lapto

28、p program is to give each student a laptop to . a. use for their school work b. access the internet c. work at home d. connect them to libraries 2. why is the word "speak" in the second paragraph in quotation marks? a. they don't really talk. b. they use the computer language. c. lapto

29、ps have speakers. d. none of the above reasons is correct. 3. which of the following is true about west lake college? a. all teachers use computers. b. l, 500 students have laptops. c. it is an old college in america. d. students there can do everything. 4. a window on the world in the last paragrap

30、h means that students can . a. attend lectures on information technology b. travel around the world c. get information from around the world d. have free laptops5. what can we infer (推斷) from the passage? a. the program is successful. b. the program is not workable. c. ri'he program is too expen

31、sive. d. we don't know the result yet.解析 1a.文章第二段講述了這一工程的主要目的。 2a在網(wǎng)上一般不用口頭交流。 3c在第二段第四行。 4c 51)第二段講述這一工程時用了將來時。 考題4(nmet 典型例題，d) you are what you eat. this saying has provided scientists with clues (線索) about the diet of hominids-our early relatives of 3 million years ago. studying carbon atoms

32、(碳原子) locked up in tooth enamel (琺瑯質(zhì)), two researchers ar- gue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves. sponheimer and, julia lee-thorp of the university of cape town, south africa, report their findings in friday's science. there aren't many clues

33、 for us to know the life of early hominids. the shape of hominids' teeth offered the first clues. large and flat-edged with thick enamel, they looked perfect for eat- ing nuts and fruits, different from the sharp teeth one would want to tear into meat with. the first stone tools, which would hel

34、p in eating meat, didn't appear until about half a million years later. scientists have also found marks on hominids' teeth with patterns very similar to those on the teeth of modern day fruit eaters. sponheimer and lee-thorp tried a new method, looking at the chemical composition of the too

35、th enamel. they studied the enamel for the carbon-13. animals that eat grasses have higher carbon-13 levels than those eating fruits and other plants. what they found was that the teeth of the hominids had an in-between amount of carbon-13, which meant not only they were eating fruits, they were eat

36、ing a lot of grass, or animals eating grasses. the lower carbon-13 levels could also come from eating certain types of insects (昆蟲).but there are people who understand differently. prof. ungar of the university of arkansas agrees the study offers new suggestions of hominid diet, but disagrees about

37、the suggestion that meat could explain the lower carbon-13 levels. one suggestion might be true thoughtake good care of your teeth. in 3 million years, a scientist might be using them to figure out what you ate for dinner.1. which of the following can be the best title for the text? a. protect your

38、teeth. b. what the hominid ate. c. where the hominid lived. d. the formation of tooth enamel. 2. before the two scientists' findings, most people thought that hominids . a. lived half a million years ago b. ate mainly fruits and leaves c. used tools to dig grass d. had sharp teeth 3. the two sci

39、entists' findings were mainly based on the study about . a. the shape of hominids' teeth b. the teeth marks of early fruit eaters c. the grasses of 3 million years ago d. the makeup of the tooth enamel 4. what is it that prof. ungar finds doubtful? a. hominids possibly ate grass-eating anima

40、ls. b. hominids probably had different diets. c. hominids were basically fruit-and grass-eaters.d. hominids had lower level of carbon-13 in their teeth.解析 1b通過研究他們的牙齒推斷他們的飲食。 2b第二段“two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves"。 3d第四段和

41、第五段論述他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)基于牙齒琺瑯質(zhì)的組成。 4a第六段“disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower carbon-13 level'和第五段“animals that eat grasses have higher carbon-13 levels。 考題5(典型例題，d)louis pasteur, the famous french chemist and bacteriologist, invented "pasteurization". in 1854 pasteur wa

42、s made head of the department of science at the university of lille and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. lille was a major center for wine and beer making and some of the local wine-makers asked pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. at that ti

43、me, it was believed that food drinks go "bad" due to a purely chemical process (變化過程). but during a series of experiments pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad.in the case of wine and beer the organ- isms are already present in the form of the var

44、ious yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (發(fā)酵) process. pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fer- mented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would re- main fresh for much longer. he also proved that food and

45、drinks could be turned bad by other or- ganisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.the heating process was so successful that it made pasteur famous. it was named "pasteurization'' in his honour, and by a

46、bout 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows' milk. the result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diar- rhea (嬰兒腹瀉) and from that time on it had been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. this simple process has saved

47、thousands, possibly millions, of lives world wide.1. pasteur became in 1854. a. the chairperson of the science department at the university of lille b. the director of a chemical laboratory at the university of lille c. the general manager of a large beer-making company d. the president of the unive

48、rsity of lille 2. according to the passage, lille was a major center for he mid-19th centu- ry. a. growing grain crops b. making beer and winec. doing chemical research d. producing various kinds of yeasts3. in the last sentence of paragraph 1, the underlined word "they" refers to . a. win

49、e and beer b. food and drinks c. the various yeasts d. other organisms 4. we can infer from the passage that pasteur's discovery . a. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products b. did not bring much profit to the wine makers in lille c. has done a lot of good to childcare

50、 in the world d. had greatly reduced the number of wars in the world 解析 1. a. 第一段第二行 "pasteur was made head of the department of science at the univer- sity of lille"o 2. b. 第一段第三行 "lille was a major center for wine and beer-making" 3. b. 4. c.第二段 "the result was a huge drop

51、 in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea" o 考題 6 (典型例題微春, d) after a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. sleep is necessary for good health. during this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. the rest that you get while sleeping makes it pos

52、sible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. there are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. as you sleep, your body relaxes (放松) little by little. your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. after you reach the fourth level, your body shifts (

53、變換) back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.though your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. scientists who study sleep point out that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). this stage of sleep is called rem, which

54、 stands for rapid eye movement.if you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend (建議) breathing very slowly and very deeply. other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you drowsy. there is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep.1. the text suggests that

55、not getting enough sleep might make you . a. suffer from ix)or health b. feel tired and nervous c. dream more often d. breathe quickly 2. during rem, . a. you move restlessly b. you start dreaming c. your mind stops working d. your eyeballs move quickly 3. the underlined word "drowsy" in the last paragraph probably means . a. lazy b. sleepy c. relaxed d. pleased 4. a good title for this text might be . a. dreams b. sleep c. good health d. work and rest解析 1a文章第二句話談到睡眠是健康的身體所必需的，暗示出睡眠缺乏會有害健康。 2d請參