高考英語復(fù)習(xí)知識點匯總2

1、高考英語復(fù)習(xí)知識點匯總（2）41.as well/ as well asas well 表示“也”，是副詞短語，用作狀語，通常放在句末，也可放在主語之后，相當(dāng)于too,但一般無標(biāo)點符號與句子隔開.as well as 通常看作一個復(fù)合并列連詞,連接兩個成分相同的詞、短語或句子，表示“既又，不但而且”當(dāng)它連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與第一個主語保持一致。如：The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學(xué)習(xí)讀書寫字，他們也做游戲。With television,we can see a picture a

2、s well as hear sound.利用電視,我們既能聽到聲音,又能看到圖像.Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music.湯姆以及他的父母都喜歡流行音樂。42.as;which引導(dǎo)定語從句異同as, which 都能引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性的定語從句。(1)在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時；which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞（詞組），which可與that換用，作賓語時可省去。如：Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box

3、which doesnt.But the studios(which)he started are still busy today, producing more and more interesting films.as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾；as可作主、賓、表語，一律不可省略。如：Many of the sports were the same as they are now.（as作表語）He uses the same map as I (use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。（as作賓語）Such as beautiful park

4、as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個年輕的工程師設(shè)計的。（as作主語）The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected. 印好的報紙并非如主編原來所期望的那樣。（as作賓語）(2)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，as,which都可作主、賓、表語，都不可省去。which從句補充說明先行詞的用途、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。如：At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer

5、 in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cutthe costs of making the newspaper.(用途)One of Charile Chaplins most famous films was“The Gold Rush”,which was made in 1925.(時間)Now, however,the maters of

6、 this great lake,which is also theWorlds deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by wastefrom a chemical factory.(特征)which從句還可表示說話人的看法，也可對主句作意義上的補充；which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分；which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他

7、說她會四門外語，這是不可能的。（說話人看法，which代表賓語從句部分）比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說她會四門外語，這使我們每個人都很驚訝。（補充主句，which 代表主句）Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming. 樹葉正在變黃，這意味著秋天就要來了。as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有“正如”的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如：The Nanjing Chan

8、gjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。（as代表先行詞）To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們許多人（所做的那樣）對事實視而不見是愚蠢的。（as代表主語部分）As we know, the earth is round. 我們知道，地球是圓的。43.ask for 要求，請求ask sb.for sth.向（某人）請求 （要求）She asked for some advice on

9、how to learn English well.44.at表示速度、價格、利率at a high/low price以高價/;低價；at 40 miles an hour 以每小時40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以速度。應(yīng)用完成句子公司決定以較低的價格將這批電視賣掉。The company decided to sell the TV sets _ _ _ _ _ _ 。火車正以每小時150英里的速度前進。The train

10、was running _ _ _ _150 miles an hour .Key:at, a, low, priceat,a, speed,of“at+名詞”表示“在進行，從事”45.at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學(xué);at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態(tài)；at war在交戰(zhàn)，在打仗應(yīng)用完成句子。別人在工作，不要吵鬧。Dont make any noise while others are _ _.孩子們在游戲，而他

11、們的父母正在吃飯。The children were _ _ while their parents were_ _.Key:at, workat,play,at,dinner46.at last, in the end, finally三者均有“最后、終于”的含義。finally常用于動詞之前，表示人們長期以來期待的某事最后實現(xiàn)了，也可指一系列事物或論點的順序。例如：fter putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經(jīng)過三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。hey talked ab

12、out it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談?wù)摿藥讉€小時，最后決定不去。at last 有時可與finally互換，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，語氣更強烈。例如：When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當(dāng)人們最終找到他時，他已經(jīng)奄奄一息了。James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過了考試。in the end指經(jīng)過許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發(fā)生。例如：We made five different plans for our

13、 holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。47.at (the) least 至少；最少。反義詞組為at (the)most至多；最多。Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at (the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很顯老，實際上他最多40歲。Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at (the)least.噢，真的嗎？我以為他至少5

14、0歲了。48.at the beginning of 在初（開頭），可指時間與空間。如：at the beginning of term 在學(xué)期開始at the beginning of the book 在那本書的開頭at the beginning 單獨用時間at first，也可說in the beginning.比較：at the end of 在末（盡頭） at the end 在末尾處49.in the end 最終，同at last in the middle of 在中期from beginning to end 從頭至尾at the doctors該結(jié)構(gòu)為介詞+名詞所有格，意

15、為“在診所”。所有格-s后一般接名詞，如her mothers bike ,但有時這個名詞可省略，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面：指一個企業(yè)，機構(gòu)，教堂，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，家庭，理發(fā)店，店鋪時。如：She is at the hairdressers.為了避免重復(fù)，省略-s后的名詞。如：I have read some of Shaws plays,but none of Shakespeares.50.at the last moment在最后關(guān)頭at the moment 此刻；正在那時 for a moment片刻；一會兒for the moment 目前，暫時in a moment立刻，馬上at t

16、he top of在的頂部，上方at the top of a mountain在山頂She is (at)the top of her class in French.at the top of ones voice高聲地，尖聲地at war該介賓詞組意思是“處于戰(zhàn)爭或交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)”。在句中常作表語。如：The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.51.at, with, through表原因三個介詞都可表示原因，at表示聽到或看到的原因；with表示人體外部的原因；through 強調(diào)自身的原因。如：be sad at the news聽了這個消息而悲傷；be fr

17、ightened at the sight看了那個情景而害怕；jump up with joy高興地跳了起來；turn red with anger氣得臉紅；shake with cold/fear凍得/害怕得發(fā)抖；with pleasure高興地；with pride 驕傲地；with satisfaction滿意地；make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出錯；be put into prison through no fault of his own 沒有任何罪過被關(guān)進監(jiān)獄。應(yīng)用漢譯英聽到這個消息，全國人民處于悲哀之中。孩子們高興地跳了

18、起來。由于大意他犯了這個錯誤。Key:At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.The children jumped up with joy.He made the mistake through his carelessness.52.at work; out of work; after work這三個以work為中心詞的介詞短語，在意思和用法上均不相同。(1)at work表示“在工作、在上班”，作表語或狀語。例如：They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。His father had an a

19、ccident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時出了事故。(2)out of work表示“失業(yè)”，是介詞短語，相當(dāng)于lost ones job或be unemployed。例如：If you dont work hard, youll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會失業(yè)。Youll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會失業(yè)的。(3)after work表示“下班后”，作時間狀語。例如：What do you usually do after work?下班后你經(jīng)常干什么？I visited

20、 Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過劉先生。53.attempt(1)n.嘗試；企圖。He made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學(xué)滑雪。He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。(2)vt.嘗試；企圖。She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學(xué)習(xí)日語。The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。54.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不

21、使入內(nèi)；不牽涉進去。Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。Keep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭吵。55.attention 短語pay attention to sth. 注意某事draw ones attention(to sth.) 引起某人的注意be worth ones attention 值得某人注意bring ones attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事56.average短語歸納average 可用作名詞，表示“平均數(shù)，一般水平”，也可作形容詞，表示“平均的”。如：the ave

22、rage of the pay 平均工資；above/below the average 平均以上/以下；the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡；the average temperature平均氣溫；on(an,the)average平均起來應(yīng)用完成句子這個廠的工人平均每月收入700元。_ _，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuanevery month.他的功課一般以上。He is_ _ in his lessons.Key: On, average above, average 57.awake,wakeawake

23、用作及物或不及物動詞，表示“叫醒，喚醒；醒來”；而wake表示相同意義時，必須與up連用，對比：The noise awoke me./The noise woke me up.嗓音把我鬧醒。She usually awakes at six in the morning./She usually wakes up at six in the morning.她通常早上6點醒。注意：awake 不與up連用；wake up 的賓語是人稱代詞時必須置于兩個詞之間。誤：wake up him正：wake him upawake 還可用作形容詞，只用作表語或后置定語，不能用作前置定語。其反義詞是 a

24、sleep.如：Is he awake or asleep?他睡著了還是醒著？Anyone awake heard the sound.任何醒著的人都聽到了那個聲音。注意：wide/fully awake 完全醒著；sound/fast/deeply asleep熟睡應(yīng)用完成句子他醒來時，他母親在他的旁邊。When he_,his mother was beside him.我徹夜未眠，一直在考慮這個問題。I have lain_all night thinking of the problem.他突然醒了，好象有人叫他的名字。He _ _suddenly,as if someone had

25、called his name.她睡著的時候誰也叫不醒他。No one can_ _ _when she is asleep.Key:awoke awake woke up wake,her,up58.battle, war, fight, strugglewar指戰(zhàn)爭的總體；battle指war中的戰(zhàn)斗或戰(zhàn)役；fight指具體的人與人之間或動物之間的爭斗；struggle指長時間、激烈的爭斗，多指肉體、精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。對比：We have had two world wars in this century.本世紀(jì)已有兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。They were wounded in the battle

26、.他們在戰(zhàn)斗中受了傷。We have started a fight against pollution. 我們已開始了一場消除污染的斗爭。His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艱苦的斗爭。應(yīng)用英譯漢in time of war be at wardeclare war on fight a battlegive/offer battle have a hand-to-hand fightKey:戰(zhàn)時 交戰(zhàn)，在打仗對宣戰(zhàn) 打一仗 挑戰(zhàn)肉搏戰(zhàn)59.伴隨狀語可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過去分詞He put a finger in his mou

27、th, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.本句有三個并列謂語，looking 部分為伴隨狀語。例題 1）He held up his finger ,_ a face and nodded his head.Amaking B. made答案：B.此題有and ，需連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所填詞的形式應(yīng)與前后保持一致。2) He sat there in silence, _sad and doing nothing.A. looking B. looked答案：A.此題and 之后ing形式，其前面也應(yīng)該用ing形式，而不能與前面的sat并列。3

28、)He sat there in silence ,_ nothing.A.doing B.did答案：A.此題才是在逗號之后，需要伴隨狀誤。4)He set out early, _ there on time .A.arriving B. and arrived答案：B.此題兩種選項從形式看都有可能，但根據(jù)意思看，“到達”并不伴隨“出發(fā)”的動作，而是明顯地有先有后。5)He made a smile, _ with the result. A. satisfying B. satisfied答案：B.伴隨狀語可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過去分詞，此處表示“感到滿意”的一種狀態(tài)，而satisfying

29、表示令人滿意的，此時的satisfied是過去分詞，而不是過去式。60.be about to do sth. 正要、即將做某事。是將來時的一種表達方式，表示最近的將來。I was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡覺，這時他打來了電話。When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到湯姆，他正要上汽車。注意：be about to 通常不用于帶有具體時間狀語的句子，但可用be going to 表示。Hurry up! They are about to start.快點！他們就要走了。Hurry

30、 up! They are going to start at 10 oclock.快點！10點鐘他們就要走了。61.be ahead of該詞組有兩層意思，一是“優(yōu)于”，“超過”；二是“比早”，“在的前面”。如：He is well ahead of all the other students in English.62.be angry with sb.生某人的氣。be angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣。Dont be angry with me for my being late?不要因為我遲到而生我的氣。What are you angry about?你生什么氣？

31、He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.讓他等了這么久，他很生氣。63.be certain; be surebe uncertain about意思是“對不確定（沒把握）”uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是“確信的，有把握的”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)be certain(sure) to do sth.“肯定會做”（表示某事將要發(fā)生）。如：He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth.“確信、有把握”（表示某個人的思想狀態(tài)）

32、。如：We are certain/ sure of victory.(3)名詞從句作主語時，一般多用certain.It is certain that he will come.be different from與不同Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。對比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。64.be familiar with,be familiar tobe fa

33、miliar with的主語是有生命的事，意為“某人對人、事熟悉”；be familiar to 的主語是無生命的事物，意為“某人/事為某人所熟悉”，對比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英語名稱。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.蘇州和杭州為許多外國人所熟悉。Im not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我對歐洲歷史不太熟

34、悉。注意：be familiar with/to 還表示“精通、通曉”如：French is as familiar to him as English.他對法語就象對英語一樣精通。應(yīng)用 一句多譯這些事實是每個學(xué)生都熟悉的。她精通4種語言。Key:These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.65.be filled wi

35、th = be full of 充滿，裝滿 如：The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里裝滿了水。注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此處filled 表示“充滿了的”指處于一種狀態(tài)。比較：be crowded with 擠滿的，與be filled with 有所不同。如：The room is crowded with guests.房間里擠滿了客人。此外，fill作為動詞可用其主動形式，亦可構(gòu)成另外短語。如：Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子裝滿沙子。Fill in th

36、e blanks .填空。66.be full ofbe filled with充滿The classroom was full of students.教室里擠滿了學(xué)生。Her eyes were full of tears.她眼淚汪汪的。be likely to 易于；有可能的. 后跟動詞不定式，往往用在一時的情形。I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我會感冒的。Is that magazine likely to interest you? 那本雜志對你有吸引

37、力嗎？67.be of結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)(1)be of + 表示年齡（age）、大?。╯ize）、顏色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、價格（price）、意見（opinion）、形狀（shape）、種類（kind）和方法（way）等名詞，說明主語的特征，of表示“具有”之意，有時可省去。例如：They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個兒。When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當(dāng)我是你這個年齡時，我當(dāng)老師了。These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。

38、Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則a/an=the same.例如：The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個男孩同齡。These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。(2)be of + 物質(zhì)名詞，表示主語是由某材料制成或某成分構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：The necklace is(made)of glass.這項鏈?zhǔn)?/p>

39、玻璃制的。The bridge is (built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構(gòu)筑的。Our class is (made up)of over 50 students. 我班有50多個學(xué)生。(3)be of + 抽象名詞（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示“具有、具備”等意思，of不能省，這一結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于be+該抽象名詞相應(yīng)的形容詞。例如：They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對英語學(xué)習(xí)者來說是很有幫助的。In fact, sports and games can be

40、 of great value/very valuable.事實上體育運動是很有價值的。The book is of no use/useless to us.這書對我們無用。It is of great importance/very important to study English.學(xué)習(xí)英語很重要。因此，根據(jù)上述(1),(2)點可以看出，課文句中第一個be of 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“具有”，第二個be of(承前省去be)表示“由制成的”。全句漢語意思為：“硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同，并由不同的金屬制成?！?8.be onon 表明所處的狀態(tài)，意為“為工作，在服務(wù)”可用be a memb

41、er of, work for, belong to 替換。Im on the school team.我屬于校隊。She is on Times newspaper.她在時代報社工作。應(yīng)用完成句子，上下句同意Which team do you belong to ?Which team_you_?She is a member of the city team.She_ _ the city team.Key: are,on is, on69.be out; put outbe out 指“（燈、火）熄滅”，強調(diào)狀態(tài)。 put out 意為“熄滅、撲滅” ，強調(diào)動作。如：Is the fir

42、e out ?Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.be remembered as作為而被人們懷念He will always be remembered as a national hero.70.be seated意為“坐下”（=sit down）,是正式用語，而sit down是非正式用語。如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.71.be up toto是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。這一短語有以下幾個常用意思：（1）從事于、

43、忙于，有時含有“密謀干壞事”之意。如：What is he up to now?他現(xiàn)在在干什么？He is up to no good.他沒干好事。（2）由負(fù)責(zé)，常用It作主語。如：Its up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去還是不去由你決定。Its up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應(yīng)盡力幫助他們。（3）勝任、適于。如：He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。（4）直到、以至。如：72.up to now 直到現(xiàn)在Between the hours of mi

44、dnight and 6 a.m.，the hurricane crossed the southeast corner of England with winds of up to 160km/h.從午夜時分到清晨6點之間，颶風(fēng)橫掃英格蘭的東南角，風(fēng)速高達每小時160公里。73.because;because of二者均表示“因為”，區(qū)別是：because是從屬連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；而because of是一個合成介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句組成介詞短語。如:I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired

45、.我回去不是因為下雨，而是因為我累了。Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。74.become experienced at對有經(jīng)驗experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗的，老練的be experienced inHes very experienced in money matters.experience n.經(jīng)驗，體驗（in(of)/doing）My father has ten years experience in teaching.beeline n.兩地之間的直線；捷徑（指蜜蜂采蜜后徑直飛向蜂房，這條路叫beel

46、ine）（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向直行As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.會議一結(jié)束，他就直接上了酒吧。If you want to catch up with them, youd better make a beeline for them.如果你想趕上他們，你最好抄近路去。（2）in a beeline 成直線地，筆直地The pupils went to the museum in a beeline. 孩子們直接走向博物館。74.believe in（=trust/trust in）信賴；信任；信仰Tom is honest. I believe in him. 湯姆很誠實，我信賴他。He doesnt believe in anybody in the world. 在這個世界上，他不相信任何人。We believe in socialism. 我們信仰社會主義。We believe in Marxism.You can believe