高中英語名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解

1、名詞性從句 Noun Clause一、定義在句子中起名詞性作用的句子叫名詞性從句；其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和同位語主語、賓語、表語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the

2、 car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主從主從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (賓從賓從) )( (表從表從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (定從定從) )( (主從主從) )二、二、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞： 從屬從屬連詞連詞：that（無意義，不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分（無意義，不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分）；）；whether, if

3、 是否是否；不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分 as if ,as though 好像，似乎好像，似乎 以上在從句中均以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分不充當(dāng)任何成分 連接代詞連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 有意義，在從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定有意義，在從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定連接副詞連接副詞：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 有意義，在從句中擔(dān)任狀語有意義，在從句中擔(dān)任狀語 三、用法（三、用法（）主語從句（

4、在句中作主語）主語從句（在句中作主語） That shell be present at the meeting has excited us. Whether theyll come or not is not sure. What he wants to tell us is not clear. Wholl win the game is still unknown. Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced. It has not been announced where.注意：有時(shí)為

5、了避免頭重腳輕常用形式主語it代替 主語從句放在句首，而把主語從句置于句末，主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，常用句型如下：1. It + be +名詞詞組（a pity, a shame, no wonder.）that.It is no wonder that youve achieved so much success.It is a shame that he doesnt respect his parents.2. It + be + adj.(clear, obvious, necessary, important, natural, strange.) that. It is

6、 necessary that one (should ) master more than one language to meet the need of the job.其后跟的從句中常用（其后跟的從句中常用（should）+ V原原3.It+be+v-ed(said, suggested, ordered.)+that.It is said that the old professor has already finished the experiment.It is ordered that the work (should) be finished on time.4.It +特殊

7、不及物動(dòng)詞（seem, appear,happen.）+that.It occurred to me that I was out when you called me.其后跟的從句用（其后跟的從句用（should）+V原原 主語從句中的主語從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”：1.主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants _thes

8、e books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareisn1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. n A. What is required B .What requiresn C It is required D. It requiresn2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.

9、”n A. This B. There is C .That is D. It isn3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.n A .where B .what C .that D. hown Exercises 賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后?；蚪樵~之后。1.She did not know what had

10、happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. (作動(dòng)詞的賓語作動(dòng)詞的賓語)(作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語)(作形容詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語)() 賓語從句賓語從句1. 由連接詞由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接詞由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，常被省去何成分，常被省去。 但如但如作介詞的賓語時(shí)，不能省略作介詞的賓語時(shí)，不能省略

11、；如；如從句是并列句從句是并列句 時(shí)時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省不可省。例如：。例如： I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. The shopkeeper told me that he could sell the skirt to me at a low price and that I must pay in cash.不可省可省可省不可省不可省 注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, c

12、ommand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。nI insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。 nThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。 2. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： 1.在介詞后面在介詞后面 2.與與or n

13、ot連用連用 3.在主語從句在主語從句,表語從句表語從句,同位語從句中同位語從句中4后面跟不定式后面跟不定式nWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. nThe question is whether we can think of a good way to recite the texts.nEverything depends on whether we have enough money. nI wonder whether he will come or not. nCan you tell me wh

14、ether to go or to stay? 3.由連接代詞及連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，但從句要用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well. 找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop

15、came to see what the matter was. there are he haswhat was the matter.（本身就是陳述語序）（本身就是陳述語序）注意注意 ：名詞從句中須使用陳述語序?。好~從句中須使用陳述語序！n4. 注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English nex

16、t year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如： nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把

17、否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )5.否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句中用it作形式賓語We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般用語時(shí)，一般用itit來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。補(bǔ)后面。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.I find it

18、 impossible that he can finish the work in two days.都是有那些詞呢？都是有那些詞呢？Exercises: “it”作形式主語或形式賓語：作形式主語或形式賓語： 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair

19、was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them ABBC Ill see to it that it doesnt happen again. 保證，注意，照料保證，注意，照料（）表語從句）表語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語. .構(gòu)成構(gòu)成“主系表主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，可用結(jié)構(gòu)，可用as ifas if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)其中系動(dòng)詞主要有四類：其中系動(dòng)詞主要有四類：a.bea.be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞b.b.感

20、官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞c.c.表表“變得變得”的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞d.d.表表“保持保持”的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞feel, smell, sound, tastebecome, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run ,prove,turn outkeep,stay remain1.問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系.2.這就是亨利怎么解決這個(gè)問題的這就是亨利怎么解決這個(gè)問題的.3.天看起來要下雨了天看起來要下雨了.The problem is_This is_.It looks_.that we have lost touch with him.how Henry so

21、lved the problem.as if it is going to rain.n表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略。不能省略。n需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句時(shí)，表語從句要用要用that引導(dǎo)而不是引導(dǎo)而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。 在句

22、中起同位語的作用在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞一般放在名詞fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之后等之后,用以用以說明或解釋前面的名詞說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that(不能省不能省)；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等.The thought that we might succeed excited us.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.The sugg

23、estion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.（）同位語從句同位語從句注意：注意：同位語從句和同位語從句和定語從句定語從句的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： nthat作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。略。 The news that our football

24、 team won the game was encouraging.The news that we heard on the radio was not sure.不可省，同位語不可省，同位語可省，定從，作賓語可省，定從，作賓語Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going

25、on in the classroom? (2005遼寧遼寧) A. that B. what c. as D. which3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. w

26、hen D. as(1) They want to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. wher

27、e Alice had put B. where had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B.

28、who he is C. who is it D. who it isBCI.語序問題語序問題考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納D歸納歸納 在名詞性從句中，除了在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，外，其它部分其它部分應(yīng)用應(yīng)用_的語序的語序。陳述陳述II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4. It depends on _

29、 we will have enough money.n5. _ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用面的賓語從句只能用_，不能用，不能用if ；b.后面緊跟后面緊跟 or not 時(shí)時(shí), 用用_.歸納歸納whetherwhetherIII. that 與與whether / if

30、 的選擇：的選擇： (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will

31、 come soon?whether / ifthatthat 表示是否時(shí)用表示是否時(shí)用_,表示肯定時(shí)用表示肯定時(shí)用_歸納歸納whether /ifthat1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義_起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語，起連接作用，且

32、在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語， 表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat歸納歸納. that， what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law

33、will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不不含有疑問意義含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語從句，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語從句，而而n_等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho, what 1. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flowers are s

34、o special that I would do _ I can to save them. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame. AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. ThoseExercises. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested that

35、a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示表示建議建議, 請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求, 命令命令, 要求要求,堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持等的名詞性從句等的名詞性從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣中謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣.歸納歸納2.在主語從句中用來表示在主語從句中用來表示驚奇驚奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理應(yīng)如理應(yīng)如此此等等, 謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣

36、謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣( should ) + do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,)that e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so.試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?( (同從同從)

37、 )( (定從定從) )拓展拓展同位語從句同位語從句: 說明名詞的內(nèi)容說明名詞的內(nèi)容, wh-表示疑問表示疑問, that 不做成分不做成分, 不能省略不能省略定語從句定語從句:說明名詞的性質(zhì)特征說明名詞的性質(zhì)特征, wh-不表示疑問不表示疑問,引導(dǎo)詞做句子成分引導(dǎo)詞做句子成分,做賓語做賓語，可以省略可以省略1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; becauseConsolidation:4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; beca