初中形容詞與副詞講解與訓練

1、形容詞和副詞講解與專項練習一、形容詞一定義：用來描寫或修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或事物的特征或性質(zhì)。二用法1.做定語(此時，形容詞的位置在被修飾名詞之前)。e.g. This is an old house.2.做表語此時，形容詞的位置在連系動詞之后。e.g. I am sorry to hear that.3.做賓語賓語補足語此時，形容詞的位置在賓語之后。e.g. She made her mother angry.4.形容詞在句中的位置。形容詞做定語修飾名詞時，放在名詞前面。修飾不定代詞時要放在不定代詞之后。She is a clever girl.I saw something white

2、in the water.形容詞修飾帶有表量度的詞或者詞組時定語后置。The bridge is one hundred meters long .5.某些形容詞前加上定冠詞the，可以代表一類人或東西，可以用作主語，賓語等。做主語時當復數(shù)看待。e.g.The old are well looked after.We all love the beautiful.二、副詞一定義：用來修飾動詞，形容詞，其他副詞以及全句。有許多副詞是從形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。方法是在形容詞詞尾加上ly.如：bad-badly, careful-carefully.等，在變化時要注意詞尾是y的，要把y改為I再加ly。如：

3、lucky-luckily. busy-busily等。另外以e結(jié)尾的，大局部直接加ly.如：wide-widely, brave-bravely等。還有幾個特殊的要去e后再加ly.如：true-truly terrible-terribly等。二用法1.作狀語。e.g.They work hard .(副詞修飾動詞They are quite right .副詞修飾形容詞He park the car very easily .副詞修飾副詞Unfortunately, he was out.副詞修飾整個句子2.作定語時間副詞和地點副詞可以做后置定語。e.g.The students here

4、 are all from Hubei.3.作表語。 e.g. What is on this evening?(今晚上演什么節(jié)目。4.作賓語補足語。e.g. Don't let him in.三 形容詞和副詞的比擬等級在英語中形容詞和副詞有原級，比擬級和最高級之分。原級就是它們的原形，比擬級和最高級有規(guī)那么變化和不規(guī)那么變化。(一)形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級變化1.規(guī)那么變化單音節(jié)詞和局部雙音節(jié)詞(1)一般在詞尾加er,est. hard-harder-hardest  great-greater-greatest(2)以字母e結(jié)尾的加r,st. nice-nicer-n

5、icest  able-abler-ablest(3)重讀閉音節(jié)中末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫輔音字母，再加er,est.big-bigger-biggest   fat-fatter-fatter   red-redder-reddestthin-thinner-thinnest   hot-hotter-hottest   wet-wetter-wettest(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，先改y為i再加er.est多音節(jié)詞和局部雙音節(jié)詞,在其前加more,most.polite-more polite

6、-most polite    exciting-more exciting-most excitinginteresting-more interesting-most imnteresting  carefully-more carefully-most carefullyquickly-more quickly-most quickly   happily-more happily-most happily有些形容詞和副詞的比擬等級用-er,-est或者more,most皆可，如clever,lovely等。表示“較不-和“最不

7、-時，可用less和least.difficult-less difficult-least difficultinteresting-less interesting-least interesting2.不規(guī)那么變化原級比擬級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容詞和副詞級的用法原級:(1)原級的根本用法句型:主語+謂語動詞+as+原級+as+

8、比擬對象 (前者與后者一樣.)主語+.not+as/so+原級+as+比擬對象  (前者不如后者那么.)The coat is as old as that one .The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai .(2)原級的特殊用法1)表示"是.的幾倍". 句型:   .times +as +原級 + as .This house is three times as large as that one .He can run five three times as f

9、ast as his brother.2)表示".的一半.". 句型:  .half as +原級 + as .My money is not half as much as yours.3)表示"盡可能.".句型: .as + 原級 + as possible/one can.We should get up as early as possible/we can.比擬級的用法1.兩者相比甲大于乙，用比擬級+than表示This room is bigger than that one .2.要表示···不如&#

10、183;··，用less+原級+than結(jié)構(gòu)This book is less difficult than that one .3.表示兩者人，事物之間，比擬···的，用the+比擬級+名詞+of+the+名詞或代詞結(jié)構(gòu)Bob is the taller boy of the two boys.4.不于其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變，用比擬級+and+比擬級結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是越來越··· The weather is getting warmer and warmer .5.表示一方隨另一方的變化而變化，用the+比

11、擬級，the+比擬級結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是越···就越··· The more you eat, the fatter you will be .6.表示幾倍于···時，用倍數(shù)+as···as或用倍數(shù)+比擬級+than表示Our room is three times larger than yours . Our room is three times as large as yours .7.用much，far ,still ,even , a lot , a little ,a

12、bit等詞來修飾比擬級，表示程度，放在比擬級之前。如：Its much warmer today .最高級的用法1.三者或三者以上之中的最，用形容詞，副詞的最高級。形容詞最高級前必須加冠詞the，副詞最高級前的the可省略，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：A+be+the+形容詞，副詞最高級+inof+表示范圍的短語。He is the tallest boy in our class .2.用比擬級的形式，表達最高級的含義比擬級+than+1.any other+單數(shù)名詞或2.+all the other+復數(shù)名詞 (3).+anyone else (4).+any of the other +復數(shù)名詞Tom

13、 is taller than any other student in our class .3.最高級可以被序數(shù)詞及much，by far, nearly, almost等修飾，表示程度。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.四、專項訓練1寫出以下形容詞副詞的比擬級最高級。young _ _ _ _ nice _ _ _ _ far _ _ _ _early _ _ _ _ much _ _ _ _ delicious _ _ _ _short_ _ _ _ late _ _ _ _ little _ _ _ _beau

14、tiful _ _ _ _ fat _ _ _ _ red _ _ _ _2用所給的形容詞副詞的適當形式填空。A. Tom is _ _ (tall) than Jim.B. Li Lei is _ _(young) boy in his class.C.I think English is _ _ (interesting) than any other subject.D. David has _ _ (many) story books of all the students.E. Li Lei speaks English _ _ (well) in his group.F. Lucy

15、 runs _ _ (slow) than Lily.3改正以下句子中一處的錯誤。ATom comes to school late than Jim._ _B. Which do you like better , cats ,dogs, or chickens? _ _C. Who is oldest in our class? _ _D. He thinks math is importanter than Chinese._ _E. This work is very harder than that one._ _F. He lives farer than any other st

16、udent in your class._ _4單項選擇( ) 1. The air in Beijing is getting much now than a few years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest( ) 2. Nowadays science fiction isnt as as cartoons among teenagers. A. popular B. more popular C. less popular D. the most popular( ) 3. Remember, boys and

17、girls. you work, result you will get. We know, Miss Gao. A. The better, the harder B. The harder, the better C. The hard, the better D. The harder, the good( ) 4. Jack has three friends. Mike is the of the four. A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. clever( ) 5. In our English study readi

18、ng is more important than speaking. I think. I dont agree, speaking is than reading.A. as important as B. so important as C. the most important D. the same as( ) 6. John is my friend of all the classmates.A. good B. better C. best D. the best( ) 7. Beijing is one of cities in China.A. very beautiful B. much beautiful C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful( ) 8. The Yellow River isnt so as the Changjiang River.A. long B. longest C. longer D. t